Transition-metal bimetallic nanozymes: Enzyme-like catalysis and cancer therapeutic applications_Journal of Biomedical Engineering

Authors：

YAO Yuyang , SHI Ying ,  LIU Pengfei

Department of Magnetic Resonance, the First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150000, P. R. China;

Corresponding?author：

Keywords：

Transition metals; Bimetallic nanozymes; Enzyme-like activity; Cascade reactions; Cancer therapy

DOI：

10.7507/1001-5515.202605056

Video：

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Abstract Full text Figures/Tables Video References Cited by

Cancer is one of the leading causes of mortality worldwide. Due to the high heterogeneity of the tumor microenvironment, conventional therapeutic approaches face formidable challenges, including suboptimal efficacy and multidrug resistance. Nanozymes, particularly transition-metal bimetallic nanozymes, have become a research hotspot in the field of antitumor nanomaterials, owing to the unique electronic structures of transition metals and synergistic catalytic mechanisms between the bimetallic components. This review systematically summarizes the types of enzyme-like activities of transition-metal bimetallic nanozymes, the construction strategies for multi-enzyme cascade reactions, and their applications in antitumor therapy. It further summarizes the current challenges of these nanozymes and provides an outlook on their future directions. This review aims to provide a theoretical foundation for promoting the clinical translation of transition-metal bimetallic nanozymes in antitumor therapy.

Citation： YAO Yuyang, SHI Ying, LIU Pengfei. Transition-metal bimetallic nanozymes: Enzyme-like catalysis and cancer therapeutic applications. Journal of Biomedical Engineering, 2026, 43(5): 1082-1090. doi: 10.7507/1001-5515.202605056 Copy

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2.	Iroegbu A O C, Teffo M L, Sadiku E R. Cancer therapy with engineered nanozymes: from molecular design to tumour-responsive catalysis[J]. Nanomedicine (Lond), 2025, 20(14): 1799-1817.
3.	Gao Lizeng, Zhuang Jie, Nie Leng, et al. Intrinsic peroxidase-like activity of ferromagnetic nanoparticles[J]. Nat Nanotechnol, 2007, 2(9): 577-583.
4.	王淏, 陳旖, 徐菲, 等. 基于納米酶的生物醫學研究進展[J]. 福建師范大學學報(自然科學版), 2025, 41(6): 101-110, 121.
5.	Fu Qinrui, Wei Chuang, Wang Mengzhen. Transition-metal-based nanozymes: synthesis, mechanisms of therapeutic action, and applications in cancer treatment[J]. ACS Nano, 2024, 18(19): 12049-12095.
6.	Song Yilin, You Qing, Chen Xiaoyuan. Transition metal-based therapies for inflammatory diseases[J]. Adv Mater, 2023, 35(39): e2212102.
7.	Wang Qingqing, Liu Jing, He Liangcan, et al. Nanozyme: a rising star for cancer therapy[J]. Nanoscale, 2023, 15(30): 12455-12463.
8.	余安安, 王宏賞, 陳洪宇. 雙金屬納米酶的酶模擬催化活性和生物醫學應用研究進展[J]. 分子催化(中英文), 2026, 40(1): 83-96.
9.	He Qian, Zhang Liyun. Bimetallic and multimetallic nanozymes: synergistic catalysis for advanced biomedical and health applications[J]. RSC Adv, 2025, 15(55): 47648-47665.
10.	Zhang Dandan, Chen Qing, Ren Qunxiang, et al. Transition metal-based nanozymes: classification, catalytic mechanisms and emerging biomedical applications[J]. Coord Chem Rev, 2024, 508: 215771.
11.	Chi Zhongmei, Wang Qiong, Gu Jiali. Recent advances in colorimetric sensors based on nanozymes with peroxidase-like activity[J]. Analyst, 2023, 148(3): 487-506.
12.	Shen Xiaomei, Wang Zhenzhen, Gao Xuejiao J, et al. Reaction mechanisms and kinetics of nanozymes: insights from theory and computation[J]. Adv Mater, 2024, 36(10): e2211151.
13.	He Shaobin, Guo Xiaoyun, Zheng Qionghua, et al. Engineering nickel-supported osmium bimetallic nanozymes with specifically improved peroxidase-like activity for immunoassay[J]. Chin Chem Lett, 2025, 36(4): 110096.
14.	Cui Malin, Zhou Jingdan, Zhao Yuan, et al. Facile synthesis of iridium nanoparticles with superior peroxidase-like activity for colorimetric determination of H₂O₂ and xanthine[J]. Sens Actuators B, 2017, 243: 203-210.
15.	Fu Zhao, Zeng Weilun, Cai Shuangfei, et al. Porous Au@Pt nanoparticles with superior peroxidase-like activity for colorimetric detection of spike protein of SARS-CoV-2[J]. J Colloid Interface Sci, 2021, 604: 113-121.
16.	Lai Yifan, Wang Jingyu, Yue Ning, et al. Glutathione peroxidase-like nanozymes: mechanism, classification, and bioapplication[J]. Biomater Sci, 2023, 11(7): 2292-2316.
17.	Zhu Shuairu, Xu Hongwei, Yang Mei, et al. Dual-single-atom ruthenium-copper anchored on magnesium-aluminum layered double hydroxide enhancing dual-enzymatic activities for synergistic anti-liver cancer therapy[J]. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces, 2025, 17(40): 55909-55922.
18.	Zai Wenjing, Kang Lin, Dong Tiejun, et al. E. coli membrane vesicles as a catalase carrier for long-term tumor hypoxia relief to enhance radiotherapy[J]. ACS Nano, 2021, 15(9): 15381-15394.
19.	Xu Deting, Wu Liyuan, Yao Haodong, et al. Catalase-like nanozymes: classification, catalytic mechanisms, and their applications[J]. Small, 2022, 18(37): e2203400.
20.	Wu Di, Yu Zhichao, Qin Jiao, et al. A bimetallic nanozyme synergistic effect-driven enzyme cascade nanoreactor for instant immunoassay[J]. Anal Chem, 2025, 97(20): 10947-10954.
21.	Sun Yiwei, Zhang Wei, Luo Zhiwen, et al. ZnO-CuS/F127 hydrogels with multienzyme properties for implant-related infection therapy by inhibiting bacterial arginine biosynthesis and promoting tissue repair[J]. Adv Funct Mater, 2025, 35(8): 2415778.
22.	Cao Mao, Ma Jiazi, Yang Yong, et al. Oxidoreductase-like nanozymes: from biosensing to molecular mechanisms in disease therapy[J]. Int J Nanomed, 2026, 21: 590337.
23.	Feng Min, Li Xue, Zhang Xiaodan, et al. Recent advances in the development and analytical applications of oxidase-like nanozymes[J]. TrAC Trends Anal Chem, 2023, 166: 117220.
24.	Zhong Dong, Yang Xiaoxin, Yang Jinhui, et al. Oxygen vacancy-engineered bimetallic nanozymes for disrupting electron transport chain and synergistic multi-enzyme activity to reverse oxaliplatin resistance in colorectal cancer[J]. J Nanobiotechnol, 2025, 23(1): 352.
25.	Chong Yu, Liu Qiang, Ge Cuicui. Advances in oxidase-mimicking nanozymes: classification, activity regulation and biomedical applications[J]. Nano Today, 2021, 37: 101076.
26.	Luo Xin, Tan Feilong, Mao Zhenglong, et al. Single atom-bridged Au nanozymes boost glucose oxidase-like activity in acidic media[J]. Chem Sci, 2025, 16(46): 22160-22167.
27.	Anwar S, Sarwar T, Khan A A, et al. Therapeutic applications and mechanisms of superoxide dismutase (SOD) in different pathogenesis[J]. Biomolecules, 2025, 15(8): 1130.
28.	Zheng Xiaoyu, Zhao Su, Li Shuming, et al. Bimetallic copper-manganese zeolitic imidazolate framework nanozyme scavenges reactive oxygen species to alleviate osteoarthritis via phosphoinositide 3-kinase/mammalian target of rapamycin axis and autophagic flux restoration[J]. Biomater Res, 2026, 30: 0306.
29.	Sun Ruilong, Liu Ruitang, Tian Yongzheng, et al. Removing barriers to tumor ‘oxygenation’: depleting glutathione nanozymes in cancer therapy[J]. Int J Nanomed, 2025, 20: 5613-5643.
30.	Duan Wei, Xu Keying, Gao Yue, et al. Bimetallic plasmonic nanozyme-based microneedle for synergistic ferroptosis therapy of melanoma[J]. Adv Sci (Weinh), 2025, 12(30): e04203.
31.	Gao Yang, Deng Yuting, Geng Wei, et al. Infectious and inflammatory microenvironment self-adaptive artificial peroxisomes with synergetic Co-Ru pair centers for programmed diabetic ulcer therapy[J]. Adv Mater, 2024, 36(38): 2408787.
32.	Guan Yuwei, Lu Yuexiang, Zhao Jingye, et al. Cobalt-based zeolitic imidazole framework incorporated with well-dispersed bimetallic nanoparticles/ions as a multifunctional nanozyme for the degradation of environmental pollutants and discrimination of various phenolic substances[J]. Chem Eng J, 2023, 465: 142703.
33.	Zhu Caixia, Jiang Congcong, Lee Hian Kee, et al. All nanozyme-based cascade reactions for biomedical applications: from self-cascading nanozyme to immobilized cascade nanozyme[J]. Adv Sci (Weinh), 2026, 13(6): e19656.
34.	Jia Xiuna, Wang Erkang, Wang Jin. Rational design of nanozymes for engineered cascade catalytic cancer therapy[J]. Chem Rev, 2025, 125(5): 2908-2952.
35.	Luo Jianzhang, Huang Kunzhao, Yi Xiaoyuan, et al. Bimetallic nanozyme amplifier for synergistic ferroptosis-cuproptosis and metabolic reprogramming to reshape immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment[J]. Adv Sci (Weinh), 2026, 13(1): e12764.
36.	Tang Zhe, Hou Yike, Huang Shuqi, et al. Dumbbell-shaped bimetallic AuPd nanoenzymes for NIR-II cascade catalysis-photothermal synergistic therapy[J]. Acta Biomater, 2024, 177: 431-443.
37.	Chen Tao, Huang Chengran, Liu Yang, et al. Bimetallic nanozyme-mediated dual ferroptosis/cuproptosis synergy potentiates immunotherapy in bladder cancer[J]. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces, 2025, 255: 114954.
38.	Wu Jiandong, Liu Qihui, Jiao Dongxu, et al. Tensile strain-mediated bimetallene nanozyme for enhanced photothermal tumor catalytic therapy[J]. Angew Chem Int Ed, 2024, 63(24): e202403203.
39.	Sun Mengmeng, Wang Liling, Zhuo Yong, et al. Multi-enzyme activity of MIL-101(Fe)-derived cascade nano-enzymes for antitumor and antimicrobial therapy[J]. Small, 2024, 20(17): 2309593.
40.	Sun Xi, Cui Jiaqi, Tan Xiao, et al. Bimetallic nanozymes: structure-activity, regulatory strategies, and adaptive applications[J]. Small, 2026, 22(4): e10317.
41.	韓夢雨, 陳蓉, 李喬, 等. 化學動力學療法的反應機制及其抗腫瘤應用[J]. 化學進展, 2025, 37(8): 1091-1104.
42.	Wang Fangqi, Su Zhengchen, Tian Mingyue, et al. Fe/Cu bimetallic metal-organic frameworks nanoplatform: efficient chemodynamic therapy via multiway amplification of reactive oxygen species[J]. ACS Mater Lett, 2026, 8(7): 2061-2070.
43.	Tran N A, Moonshi S S, Lam A K, et al. Nanomaterials in cancer starvation therapy: pioneering advances, therapeutic potential, and clinical challenges[J]. Cancer Metastasis Rev, 2025, 44(2): 51.
44.	Mao Yanwen, Chu Kaifei, Song Pei, et al. Atomically dispersed bimetallic active sites as H₂O₂ self-supplied nanozyme for effective chemodynamic therapy, chemotherapy and starvation therapy[J]. Biomater Adv, 2024, 162: 213919.
45.	Xu Rubing, Wang Shengmei, Guo Qiuyan, et al. Anti-tumor strategies of photothermal therapy combined with other therapies using nanoplatforms[J]. Pharmaceutics, 2025, 17(3): 306.
46.	Ai Yongjian, He Mengqi, Sun Hua, et al. Ultra-small high-entropy alloy nanoparticles: efficient nanozyme for enhancing tumor photothermal therapy[J]. Adv Mater, 2023, 35(23): e2302335.
47.	Chu Dongchuan, Qu Hang, Huang Xueping, et al. Manganese amplifies photoinduced ROS in toluidine blue carbon dots to boost MRI guided chemo/photodynamic therapy[J]. Small, 2024, 20(4): e2304968.
48.	Liang Yujia, Ning Shufang, Kurboniyon Mekhrdod S, et al. PdRu bimetallic nanoalloys with improved photothermal effect for amplified ROS-mediated tumor therapy[J]. Front Bioeng Biotechnol, 2025, 12: 1523599.
49.	Aebisher D, Rogoz K, Mysliwiec A, et al. The use of photodynamic therapy in medical practice[J]. Front Oncol, 2024, 14: 1373263.
50.	Li Xiaoqing, Cao Yue, Xu Bo, et al. A bimetallic nanozyme with cascade effect for synergistic therapy of cancer[J]. ChemMedChem, 2022, 17(8): e202100663.
51.	金仙槐, 李濤濤, 曾憲琳, 等. 放射治療聯合免疫治療抗腫瘤機制的研究進展[J]. 臨床腫瘤學雜志, 2025, 30(9): 924-928.
52.	Yang Bowen, Mai Yiyin, Su Hongyan, et al. Heteronuclear single-atom nanozymes overcome radiotherapy resistance via synergistic multi-enzyme activities[J]. Adv Funct Mater, 2026, 36(28): e27017.
53.	Zafar Aasma, Khatoon Summaiya, Khan Muhammad Jawad, et al. Advancements and limitations in traditional anti-cancer therapies: a comprehensive review of surgery, chemotherapy, radiation therapy, and hormonal therapy[J]. Discov Oncol, 2025, 16(1): 607.
54.	Wang Xinyu, Chang Jingrui, Ma Xuejiao, et al. Research on the photothermal-chemotherapy synergistic anti-tumor effect of a multifunctional nanoenzyme drug delivery platform[J]. J Nanopart Res, 2025, 27(12): 308.
55.	Yang Mengyao, Wang Xin, Peng Mengke, et al. Nanomaterials enhanced sonodynamic therapy for multiple tumor treatment[J]. Nano-Micro Lett, 2025, 17(1): 157.
56.	Zhou Zhihao, Huang Jiansen, Zhang Zhiyu, et al. Bimetallic PdPt-based nanocatalysts for photothermal-augmented tumor starvation and sonodynamic therapy in NIR-II biowindow assisted by an oxygen self-supply strategy[J]. Chem Eng J, 2022, 435: 135085.

1. Bray F, Laversanne M, Sung H, et al. Global cancer statistics 2022: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries[J]. CA Cancer J Clin, 2024, 74(3): 229-263.
2. Iroegbu A O C, Teffo M L, Sadiku E R. Cancer therapy with engineered nanozymes: from molecular design to tumour-responsive catalysis[J]. Nanomedicine (Lond), 2025, 20(14): 1799-1817.
3. Gao Lizeng, Zhuang Jie, Nie Leng, et al. Intrinsic peroxidase-like activity of ferromagnetic nanoparticles[J]. Nat Nanotechnol, 2007, 2(9): 577-583.
4. 王淏, 陳旖, 徐菲, 等. 基于納米酶的生物醫學研究進展[J]. 福建師范大學學報(自然科學版), 2025, 41(6): 101-110, 121.
5. Fu Qinrui, Wei Chuang, Wang Mengzhen. Transition-metal-based nanozymes: synthesis, mechanisms of therapeutic action, and applications in cancer treatment[J]. ACS Nano, 2024, 18(19): 12049-12095.
6. Song Yilin, You Qing, Chen Xiaoyuan. Transition metal-based therapies for inflammatory diseases[J]. Adv Mater, 2023, 35(39): e2212102.
7. Wang Qingqing, Liu Jing, He Liangcan, et al. Nanozyme: a rising star for cancer therapy[J]. Nanoscale, 2023, 15(30): 12455-12463.
8. 余安安, 王宏賞, 陳洪宇. 雙金屬納米酶的酶模擬催化活性和生物醫學應用研究進展[J]. 分子催化(中英文), 2026, 40(1): 83-96.
9. He Qian, Zhang Liyun. Bimetallic and multimetallic nanozymes: synergistic catalysis for advanced biomedical and health applications[J]. RSC Adv, 2025, 15(55): 47648-47665.
10. Zhang Dandan, Chen Qing, Ren Qunxiang, et al. Transition metal-based nanozymes: classification, catalytic mechanisms and emerging biomedical applications[J]. Coord Chem Rev, 2024, 508: 215771.
11. Chi Zhongmei, Wang Qiong, Gu Jiali. Recent advances in colorimetric sensors based on nanozymes with peroxidase-like activity[J]. Analyst, 2023, 148(3): 487-506.
12. Shen Xiaomei, Wang Zhenzhen, Gao Xuejiao J, et al. Reaction mechanisms and kinetics of nanozymes: insights from theory and computation[J]. Adv Mater, 2024, 36(10): e2211151.
13. He Shaobin, Guo Xiaoyun, Zheng Qionghua, et al. Engineering nickel-supported osmium bimetallic nanozymes with specifically improved peroxidase-like activity for immunoassay[J]. Chin Chem Lett, 2025, 36(4): 110096.
14. Cui Malin, Zhou Jingdan, Zhao Yuan, et al. Facile synthesis of iridium nanoparticles with superior peroxidase-like activity for colorimetric determination of H₂O₂ and xanthine[J]. Sens Actuators B, 2017, 243: 203-210.
15. Fu Zhao, Zeng Weilun, Cai Shuangfei, et al. Porous Au@Pt nanoparticles with superior peroxidase-like activity for colorimetric detection of spike protein of SARS-CoV-2[J]. J Colloid Interface Sci, 2021, 604: 113-121.
16. Lai Yifan, Wang Jingyu, Yue Ning, et al. Glutathione peroxidase-like nanozymes: mechanism, classification, and bioapplication[J]. Biomater Sci, 2023, 11(7): 2292-2316.
17. Zhu Shuairu, Xu Hongwei, Yang Mei, et al. Dual-single-atom ruthenium-copper anchored on magnesium-aluminum layered double hydroxide enhancing dual-enzymatic activities for synergistic anti-liver cancer therapy[J]. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces, 2025, 17(40): 55909-55922.
18. Zai Wenjing, Kang Lin, Dong Tiejun, et al. E. coli membrane vesicles as a catalase carrier for long-term tumor hypoxia relief to enhance radiotherapy[J]. ACS Nano, 2021, 15(9): 15381-15394.
19. Xu Deting, Wu Liyuan, Yao Haodong, et al. Catalase-like nanozymes: classification, catalytic mechanisms, and their applications[J]. Small, 2022, 18(37): e2203400.
20. Wu Di, Yu Zhichao, Qin Jiao, et al. A bimetallic nanozyme synergistic effect-driven enzyme cascade nanoreactor for instant immunoassay[J]. Anal Chem, 2025, 97(20): 10947-10954.
21. Sun Yiwei, Zhang Wei, Luo Zhiwen, et al. ZnO-CuS/F127 hydrogels with multienzyme properties for implant-related infection therapy by inhibiting bacterial arginine biosynthesis and promoting tissue repair[J]. Adv Funct Mater, 2025, 35(8): 2415778.
22. Cao Mao, Ma Jiazi, Yang Yong, et al. Oxidoreductase-like nanozymes: from biosensing to molecular mechanisms in disease therapy[J]. Int J Nanomed, 2026, 21: 590337.
23. Feng Min, Li Xue, Zhang Xiaodan, et al. Recent advances in the development and analytical applications of oxidase-like nanozymes[J]. TrAC Trends Anal Chem, 2023, 166: 117220.
24. Zhong Dong, Yang Xiaoxin, Yang Jinhui, et al. Oxygen vacancy-engineered bimetallic nanozymes for disrupting electron transport chain and synergistic multi-enzyme activity to reverse oxaliplatin resistance in colorectal cancer[J]. J Nanobiotechnol, 2025, 23(1): 352.
25. Chong Yu, Liu Qiang, Ge Cuicui. Advances in oxidase-mimicking nanozymes: classification, activity regulation and biomedical applications[J]. Nano Today, 2021, 37: 101076.
26. Luo Xin, Tan Feilong, Mao Zhenglong, et al. Single atom-bridged Au nanozymes boost glucose oxidase-like activity in acidic media[J]. Chem Sci, 2025, 16(46): 22160-22167.
27. Anwar S, Sarwar T, Khan A A, et al. Therapeutic applications and mechanisms of superoxide dismutase (SOD) in different pathogenesis[J]. Biomolecules, 2025, 15(8): 1130.
28. Zheng Xiaoyu, Zhao Su, Li Shuming, et al. Bimetallic copper-manganese zeolitic imidazolate framework nanozyme scavenges reactive oxygen species to alleviate osteoarthritis via phosphoinositide 3-kinase/mammalian target of rapamycin axis and autophagic flux restoration[J]. Biomater Res, 2026, 30: 0306.
29. Sun Ruilong, Liu Ruitang, Tian Yongzheng, et al. Removing barriers to tumor ‘oxygenation’: depleting glutathione nanozymes in cancer therapy[J]. Int J Nanomed, 2025, 20: 5613-5643.
30. Duan Wei, Xu Keying, Gao Yue, et al. Bimetallic plasmonic nanozyme-based microneedle for synergistic ferroptosis therapy of melanoma[J]. Adv Sci (Weinh), 2025, 12(30): e04203.
31. Gao Yang, Deng Yuting, Geng Wei, et al. Infectious and inflammatory microenvironment self-adaptive artificial peroxisomes with synergetic Co-Ru pair centers for programmed diabetic ulcer therapy[J]. Adv Mater, 2024, 36(38): 2408787.
32. Guan Yuwei, Lu Yuexiang, Zhao Jingye, et al. Cobalt-based zeolitic imidazole framework incorporated with well-dispersed bimetallic nanoparticles/ions as a multifunctional nanozyme for the degradation of environmental pollutants and discrimination of various phenolic substances[J]. Chem Eng J, 2023, 465: 142703.
33. Zhu Caixia, Jiang Congcong, Lee Hian Kee, et al. All nanozyme-based cascade reactions for biomedical applications: from self-cascading nanozyme to immobilized cascade nanozyme[J]. Adv Sci (Weinh), 2026, 13(6): e19656.
34. Jia Xiuna, Wang Erkang, Wang Jin. Rational design of nanozymes for engineered cascade catalytic cancer therapy[J]. Chem Rev, 2025, 125(5): 2908-2952.
35. Luo Jianzhang, Huang Kunzhao, Yi Xiaoyuan, et al. Bimetallic nanozyme amplifier for synergistic ferroptosis-cuproptosis and metabolic reprogramming to reshape immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment[J]. Adv Sci (Weinh), 2026, 13(1): e12764.
36. Tang Zhe, Hou Yike, Huang Shuqi, et al. Dumbbell-shaped bimetallic AuPd nanoenzymes for NIR-II cascade catalysis-photothermal synergistic therapy[J]. Acta Biomater, 2024, 177: 431-443.
37. Chen Tao, Huang Chengran, Liu Yang, et al. Bimetallic nanozyme-mediated dual ferroptosis/cuproptosis synergy potentiates immunotherapy in bladder cancer[J]. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces, 2025, 255: 114954.
38. Wu Jiandong, Liu Qihui, Jiao Dongxu, et al. Tensile strain-mediated bimetallene nanozyme for enhanced photothermal tumor catalytic therapy[J]. Angew Chem Int Ed, 2024, 63(24): e202403203.
39. Sun Mengmeng, Wang Liling, Zhuo Yong, et al. Multi-enzyme activity of MIL-101(Fe)-derived cascade nano-enzymes for antitumor and antimicrobial therapy[J]. Small, 2024, 20(17): 2309593.
40. Sun Xi, Cui Jiaqi, Tan Xiao, et al. Bimetallic nanozymes: structure-activity, regulatory strategies, and adaptive applications[J]. Small, 2026, 22(4): e10317.
41. 韓夢雨, 陳蓉, 李喬, 等. 化學動力學療法的反應機制及其抗腫瘤應用[J]. 化學進展, 2025, 37(8): 1091-1104.
42. Wang Fangqi, Su Zhengchen, Tian Mingyue, et al. Fe/Cu bimetallic metal-organic frameworks nanoplatform: efficient chemodynamic therapy via multiway amplification of reactive oxygen species[J]. ACS Mater Lett, 2026, 8(7): 2061-2070.
43. Tran N A, Moonshi S S, Lam A K, et al. Nanomaterials in cancer starvation therapy: pioneering advances, therapeutic potential, and clinical challenges[J]. Cancer Metastasis Rev, 2025, 44(2): 51.
44. Mao Yanwen, Chu Kaifei, Song Pei, et al. Atomically dispersed bimetallic active sites as H₂O₂ self-supplied nanozyme for effective chemodynamic therapy, chemotherapy and starvation therapy[J]. Biomater Adv, 2024, 162: 213919.
45. Xu Rubing, Wang Shengmei, Guo Qiuyan, et al. Anti-tumor strategies of photothermal therapy combined with other therapies using nanoplatforms[J]. Pharmaceutics, 2025, 17(3): 306.
46. Ai Yongjian, He Mengqi, Sun Hua, et al. Ultra-small high-entropy alloy nanoparticles: efficient nanozyme for enhancing tumor photothermal therapy[J]. Adv Mater, 2023, 35(23): e2302335.
47. Chu Dongchuan, Qu Hang, Huang Xueping, et al. Manganese amplifies photoinduced ROS in toluidine blue carbon dots to boost MRI guided chemo/photodynamic therapy[J]. Small, 2024, 20(4): e2304968.
48. Liang Yujia, Ning Shufang, Kurboniyon Mekhrdod S, et al. PdRu bimetallic nanoalloys with improved photothermal effect for amplified ROS-mediated tumor therapy[J]. Front Bioeng Biotechnol, 2025, 12: 1523599.
49. Aebisher D, Rogoz K, Mysliwiec A, et al. The use of photodynamic therapy in medical practice[J]. Front Oncol, 2024, 14: 1373263.
50. Li Xiaoqing, Cao Yue, Xu Bo, et al. A bimetallic nanozyme with cascade effect for synergistic therapy of cancer[J]. ChemMedChem, 2022, 17(8): e202100663.
51. 金仙槐, 李濤濤, 曾憲琳, 等. 放射治療聯合免疫治療抗腫瘤機制的研究進展[J]. 臨床腫瘤學雜志, 2025, 30(9): 924-928.
52. Yang Bowen, Mai Yiyin, Su Hongyan, et al. Heteronuclear single-atom nanozymes overcome radiotherapy resistance via synergistic multi-enzyme activities[J]. Adv Funct Mater, 2026, 36(28): e27017.
53. Zafar Aasma, Khatoon Summaiya, Khan Muhammad Jawad, et al. Advancements and limitations in traditional anti-cancer therapies: a comprehensive review of surgery, chemotherapy, radiation therapy, and hormonal therapy[J]. Discov Oncol, 2025, 16(1): 607.
54. Wang Xinyu, Chang Jingrui, Ma Xuejiao, et al. Research on the photothermal-chemotherapy synergistic anti-tumor effect of a multifunctional nanoenzyme drug delivery platform[J]. J Nanopart Res, 2025, 27(12): 308.
55. Yang Mengyao, Wang Xin, Peng Mengke, et al. Nanomaterials enhanced sonodynamic therapy for multiple tumor treatment[J]. Nano-Micro Lett, 2025, 17(1): 157.
56. Zhou Zhihao, Huang Jiansen, Zhang Zhiyu, et al. Bimetallic PdPt-based nanocatalysts for photothermal-augmented tumor starvation and sonodynamic therapy in NIR-II biowindow assisted by an oxygen self-supply strategy[J]. Chem Eng J, 2022, 435: 135085.

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Transition-metal bimetallic nanozymes: Enzyme-like catalysis and cancer therapeutic applications

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