Hypospadias is a common congenital external genital structural malformation in the males, where significant deviations in appearance primarily affect the psychosocial health of the entire family during childhood, ultimately harming the patient’s social integration, leading to high expectations for normal appearance from the patients and their families. The anatomical abnormalities of hypospadias exhibit considerable individual differences, and the difficulty of surgical repair largely depends on the experience of the surgeon, with high rates of complications and reoperations. Therefore, surgeons’ expectations for surgical outcomes are more focused on functional reconstruction and reducing complication rates, creating a gap between the expectations of both doctors and patients. By measuring anatomical abnormalities, it may be a feasible approach to set normal appearance goals to achieve normal appearance outcomes. This article introduces the use of anthropometric assessment methods to accurately describe the anatomical abnormalities of hypospadias and proposes specific morphological goals for the reconstruction of various parts, implementing surgical operations in a goal-oriented manner. The aim is to establish a unified baseline decision-making system for hypospadias surgery, shorten the learning curve, improve the quality of clinical research, and achieve integrated reconstruction of structure, function, and aesthetics for patients.

Citation： TANG Yunman. Aesthetic goals of hypospadias repair. Chinese Journal of Reparative and Reconstructive Surgery, 2026, 40(1): 95-100. doi: 10.7507/1002-1892.202511007 Copy

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