Establishment of flail chest in a rabbit model_Chinese Journal of Clinical Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery

Authors：

ZHANG Yaochao , ZHANG Han ,  LIU Lijun , SONG Yongbin , ZHANG Guibin , CUI Hongshang

Department of Thoracic Surgery, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, 050051, P.R.China;

Corresponding?author：

LIU Lijun, Email: hbghxiongwaike@126.com

Keywords：

Flail chest; animal model; rabbits; respiratory function; pathology

DOI：

10.7507/1007-4848.201611007

Video：

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Objective To explore the feasibility of establishing a rabbit model of flail chest. Methods Flail chest model was eatablished in 12 New Zealand white rabbits after anesthesia and sterile surgery. The paradoxical movement of chest wall was recorded by the biological signal acquisition system, arterial blood was collected for blood gas analysis, the vital signs were recorded by electrocardiogram (ECG) and the lung tissue was taken for the pathological analysis at the end of the experiment. The effect of flail chest on the respiratory function of experimental animals was analyzed to evaluate the feasibility of establishing flail chest model. Results All surgeries were successful without mortality. The operation time was 41.42±7.08 min. Duration of endotracheal intubation was 79.33±12.21 min. Statistical results showed that the pH, partial pressure of arterial carbon dioxide (PaCO₂) and base excess (BE) increased; while partial pressure of oxygen (PaO₂) and oxygen saturation (SaO₂) reduced. Pathological results showed that flail chest not intervented for a long period would lead to organic lesions. Conclusion The rabbit model of flail chest is feasible, safe, repeatable, easy and simple to handle. The animal is easy to access which is the foundation to study the disease process, recovery procedure and the efficacy after intervention.

Citation： ZHANG Yaochao, ZHANG Han, LIU Lijun, SONG Yongbin, ZHANG Guibin, CUI Hongshang. Establishment of flail chest in a rabbit model. Chinese Journal of Clinical Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, 2018, 25(2): 159-163. doi: 10.7507/1007-4848.201611007 Copy

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2.	Chou YC, Cheng YS, Hsu YH, et al. Biodegradable nanofiber-membrane for sustainable release of lidocaine at the femoral fracture site as a periosteal block: in vitro and in vivo studies in a rabbit model. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces, 2016, 140: 332-341.
3.	Marino DJ, Ireifej SJ, Loughin CA. Micro total hip replacement in dogs and cats. Vet Surg, 2012, 41(1): 121-129.
4.	Kieser JA, Weller S, Swain MV, et al. Compressive rib fracture: peri-mortem and post-mortem trauma patterns in a pig model. Leg Med (Tokyo), 2013, 15(4): 193-201.
5.	陳振文, 主編. 實驗動物外科手術學. 西安: 第四軍醫大學出版社, 2012. 67-79.
6.	DeFreest L, Tafen M, Bhakta A, et al. Open reduction and internal fixation of rib fractures in polytrauma patients with flail chest. Am J Surg, 2016, 211(4): 761-767.
7.	Schuurmans J, Goslings J C, Schepers T. Operative management versus non-operative management of rib fractures in flail chest injuries: a systematic review. Eur J Trauma Emerg Surg, 2017, 43(2): 163-168.
8.	Nickerson TP, Thiels CA, Kim BD, et al. Outcomes of complete versus partial surgical stabilization of flail chest. World J Surg, 2016, 40(1): 236-241.
9.	徐志飛, 趙學維, 孫耀昌, 等. 浮動胸壁對犬心肺功能的損害及機械通氣和肋骨牽引的治療效果. 中華創傷雜志, 2002, 18(1): 30-32.
10.	Elmaraghy AW, Aksenov S, Byrick RJ, et al. Pathophysiological effect of fat embolism in a canine model of pulmonary contusion. J Bone Joint Surg Am, 1999, 81(8): 1155-1164.
11.	Barlow JD, Morrey ME, Hartzler RU, et al. Effectiveness of rosiglitazone in reducing flexion contracture in a rabbit model of arthrofibrosis with surgical capsular release. Bone Joint Res, 2016, 5(1): 11-17.
12.	Wan L, Huang H, Fang D, et al. In vivo transfection of nuclear factor κB decoy protects pulmonary function against acute lung contusion in rabbits. J Trauma Acute Care Surg, 2012, 73(4): 843-849.
13.	周建華, 徐志飛. 兔肺挫傷后血清白細胞介素—6 水平變化與肺水腫的關系. 中華創傷雜志, 2000, 16(11): 651-653.
14.	Cappello M, Yuehua C, De Troyer A. Rib cage distortion in a canine model of flail chest. Am J Respir Crit Care Med, 1995, 151(5): 1481-1485.
15.	胡德耀, 李春華. 促甲狀腺素釋放激素對犬肺挫傷合并休克的治療作用. 中華創傷雜志, 2000, 16(4): 228-231.
16.	彭秀凡, 喬貴賓, 曾偉生, 等. 豬源生物型人工骨進行胸壁重建的可行性及療效分析. 第三軍醫大學學報, 2012, 34(9): 827-831.
17.	Prunet B, Prat N, Couret D, et al. Midterm effects of fluid resuscitation strategies in an experimental model of lung contusion and hemorrhagic shock. Shock, 2014, 41(2): 159-165.
18.	Wang S, Wang J, Chen X, et al. Does urinary trypsin inhibitor have a role in acute lung injury induced by pulmonary contusion: a basic research in a model of rats. Am J Ther, 2014, 21(6): 447-452.
19.	Topcu-Tarladacalisir Y, Tarladacalisir T, Sapmaz-Metin M, et al. N-acetylcysteine counteracts oxidative stress and protects alveolar epithelial cells from lung contusion-induced apoptosis in rats with blunt chest trauma. J Mol Histol, 2014, 45(4): 463-471.
20.	Klein C, van der Lubb HBM, Gahr RH. Rib fracture healing after osteosynthesis with wire mesh titanium and screws: a histological study in sheep. Eur Surg Res, 1989, 21(6): 347-354.
21.	Heineck J, Haupt C, Werner K, et al. Fracture models in the lumbar sheep spine: a biomechanical investigation. J Orthop Res, 2010, 28(6): 773-777.
22.	Tan DK, Canapp Jr SO, Leasure CS, et al. Traumatic fracture of the medial coronoid process in 24 dogs. Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol, 2016, 29(4):325-329.
23.	Pennypacker BL, Gilberto D, Gatto NT, et al. Odanacatib increases mineralized callus during fracture healing in a rabbit ulnar osteotomy model. J Orthop Res, 2016, 34(1): 72-80.
24.	Prat N, Rongieras F, Voiglio E, et al. Intrathoracic pressure impulse predicts pulmonary contusion volume in ballistic blunt thoracic trauma. J Trauma, 2010, 69(4): 749-755.

1. 黃孝邁, 秦文瀚, 孫玉鶚, 主編. 現代胸外科學. 北京: 人民軍醫出版社, 1997. 468-471.
2. Chou YC, Cheng YS, Hsu YH, et al. Biodegradable nanofiber-membrane for sustainable release of lidocaine at the femoral fracture site as a periosteal block: in vitro and in vivo studies in a rabbit model. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces, 2016, 140: 332-341.
3. Marino DJ, Ireifej SJ, Loughin CA. Micro total hip replacement in dogs and cats. Vet Surg, 2012, 41(1): 121-129.
4. Kieser JA, Weller S, Swain MV, et al. Compressive rib fracture: peri-mortem and post-mortem trauma patterns in a pig model. Leg Med (Tokyo), 2013, 15(4): 193-201.
5. 陳振文, 主編. 實驗動物外科手術學. 西安: 第四軍醫大學出版社, 2012. 67-79.
6. DeFreest L, Tafen M, Bhakta A, et al. Open reduction and internal fixation of rib fractures in polytrauma patients with flail chest. Am J Surg, 2016, 211(4): 761-767.
7. Schuurmans J, Goslings J C, Schepers T. Operative management versus non-operative management of rib fractures in flail chest injuries: a systematic review. Eur J Trauma Emerg Surg, 2017, 43(2): 163-168.
8. Nickerson TP, Thiels CA, Kim BD, et al. Outcomes of complete versus partial surgical stabilization of flail chest. World J Surg, 2016, 40(1): 236-241.
9. 徐志飛, 趙學維, 孫耀昌, 等. 浮動胸壁對犬心肺功能的損害及機械通氣和肋骨牽引的治療效果. 中華創傷雜志, 2002, 18(1): 30-32.
10. Elmaraghy AW, Aksenov S, Byrick RJ, et al. Pathophysiological effect of fat embolism in a canine model of pulmonary contusion. J Bone Joint Surg Am, 1999, 81(8): 1155-1164.
11. Barlow JD, Morrey ME, Hartzler RU, et al. Effectiveness of rosiglitazone in reducing flexion contracture in a rabbit model of arthrofibrosis with surgical capsular release. Bone Joint Res, 2016, 5(1): 11-17.
12. Wan L, Huang H, Fang D, et al. In vivo transfection of nuclear factor κB decoy protects pulmonary function against acute lung contusion in rabbits. J Trauma Acute Care Surg, 2012, 73(4): 843-849.
13. 周建華, 徐志飛. 兔肺挫傷后血清白細胞介素—6 水平變化與肺水腫的關系. 中華創傷雜志, 2000, 16(11): 651-653.
14. Cappello M, Yuehua C, De Troyer A. Rib cage distortion in a canine model of flail chest. Am J Respir Crit Care Med, 1995, 151(5): 1481-1485.
15. 胡德耀, 李春華. 促甲狀腺素釋放激素對犬肺挫傷合并休克的治療作用. 中華創傷雜志, 2000, 16(4): 228-231.
16. 彭秀凡, 喬貴賓, 曾偉生, 等. 豬源生物型人工骨進行胸壁重建的可行性及療效分析. 第三軍醫大學學報, 2012, 34(9): 827-831.
17. Prunet B, Prat N, Couret D, et al. Midterm effects of fluid resuscitation strategies in an experimental model of lung contusion and hemorrhagic shock. Shock, 2014, 41(2): 159-165.
18. Wang S, Wang J, Chen X, et al. Does urinary trypsin inhibitor have a role in acute lung injury induced by pulmonary contusion: a basic research in a model of rats. Am J Ther, 2014, 21(6): 447-452.
19. Topcu-Tarladacalisir Y, Tarladacalisir T, Sapmaz-Metin M, et al. N-acetylcysteine counteracts oxidative stress and protects alveolar epithelial cells from lung contusion-induced apoptosis in rats with blunt chest trauma. J Mol Histol, 2014, 45(4): 463-471.
20. Klein C, van der Lubb HBM, Gahr RH. Rib fracture healing after osteosynthesis with wire mesh titanium and screws: a histological study in sheep. Eur Surg Res, 1989, 21(6): 347-354.
21. Heineck J, Haupt C, Werner K, et al. Fracture models in the lumbar sheep spine: a biomechanical investigation. J Orthop Res, 2010, 28(6): 773-777.
22. Tan DK, Canapp Jr SO, Leasure CS, et al. Traumatic fracture of the medial coronoid process in 24 dogs. Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol, 2016, 29(4):325-329.
23. Pennypacker BL, Gilberto D, Gatto NT, et al. Odanacatib increases mineralized callus during fracture healing in a rabbit ulnar osteotomy model. J Orthop Res, 2016, 34(1): 72-80.
24. Prat N, Rongieras F, Voiglio E, et al. Intrathoracic pressure impulse predicts pulmonary contusion volume in ballistic blunt thoracic trauma. J Trauma, 2010, 69(4): 749-755.

Chinese Journal of Clinical Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery

Establishment of flail chest in a rabbit model

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