血小板介導的免疫調節效應在呼吸系統疾病中的作用_Chinese Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine

Authors：

許丁蕓 , XIE Weiping ,  KONG Hui

南京醫科大學第一附屬醫院呼吸與危重癥醫學科（江蘇南京 210029）;

Corresponding?author：

KONG Hui, Email: konghui@njmu.edu.cn

Keywords：

DOI：

10.7507/1671-6205.202302008

Video：

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Citation： XIE Weiping, KONG Hui. 血小板介導的免疫調節效應在呼吸系統疾病中的作用. Chinese Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, 2023, 22(5): 370-375. doi: 10.7507/1671-6205.202302008 Copy

1.	Kallinikos-Maniatis A. Megakaryocytes and platelets in central venous and arterial blood. Acta Haematol, 1969, 6(42): 330-335.
2.	Lefran?ais E, Ortiz-Mu?oz G, Caudrillier A, et al. The lung is a site of platelet biogenesis and a reservoir for haematopoietic progenitors. Nature, 2017, 544(7648): 105-109.
3.	Pariser DN, Hilt ZT, Ture SK, et al. Lung megakaryocytes are immune modulatory cells. J Clin Invest, 2021, 131(1): e137377.
4.	Machlus KR, Italiano JE Jr. The incredible journey: from megakaryocyte development to platelet formation. J Cell Biol, 2013, 201(6): 785-796.
5.	Allaoui A, Khawaja AA, Badad O, et al. Platelet function in viral immunity and SARS-CoV-2 infection. Semin Thromb Hemost, 2021, 47(4): 419-426.
6.	Aydogan T, Kanbay M, Al?c? O, et al. Incidence and etiology of thrombocytosis in an adult Turkish population. Platelets, 2006, 17(5): 328-331.
7.	Wang HT, He J, Xu CL, et al. Decoding human megakaryocyte development. Cell Stem Cell, 2021, 28(3): 535-549.
8.	Morrell CN, Aggrey AA, Chapman LM, et al. Emerging roles for platelets as immune and inflammatory cells. Blood, 2014, 123(18): 2759-2767.
9.	Wang J, Xie JY, Wang DS, et al. CXCR4^high megakaryocytes regulate host-defense immunity against bacterial pathogens. eLife, 2022, 11: e78662.
10.	Gaertner F, Ahmad Z, Rosenberger G, et al. Migrating platelets are mechano-scavengers that collect and bundle bacteria. Cell, 2017, 171(6): 1368-1382.
11.	Koupenova M, Clancy L, Corkrey HA, et al. Circulating platelets as mediators of immunity, inflammation, and thrombosis. Circ Res, 2018, 122(2): 337-351.
12.	Gomez-Casado C, Villase?or A, Rodriguez-Nogales A, et al. Understanding platelets in infectious and allergic lung diseases. Int J Mol Sci, 2019, 20(7): 1730.
13.	Liu Y, Xiang D, Gao F, et al. The inhibition of P-selectin reduced severe acute lung injury in immunocompromised mice. Erratum: Oxid Med Cell Longev, 2021, 2021: 9827438. Oxid Med Cell Longev, 2020, 2020: 8430465.
14.	Bdeir K, Gollomp K, Stasiak M, et al. Platelet-specific chemokines contribute to the pathogenesis of acute lung injury. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol, 2016, 56(2): 261-270.
15.	Yue L, Pang Z, Li H, et al. CXCL4 contributes to host defense against acute Pseudomonas aeruginosa lung infection. PLoS One, 2018, 13(10): e205521.
16.	Schrottmaier WC, Salzmann M, Badrnya S, et al. Platelets mediate serological memory to neutralize viruses in vitro and in vivo. Blood Adv, 2020, 4(16): 3971-3976.
17.	Sowerby JM, Thomas DC, Clare S, et al. NBEAL2 is required for neutrophil and NK cell function and pathogen defense. J Clin Invest, 2017, 127(9): 3521-3526.
18.	Tariket S, Guerrero JA, Garraud O, et al. Platelet α‐granules modulate the inflammatory response under systemic lipopolysaccharide injection in mice. Transfusion, 2018, 59(1): 32-38.
19.	Katoh N, Soga F, Nara T, et al. Effect of serotonin on the differentiation of human monocytes into dendritic cells. Clin Exp Immunol, 2006, 146(2): 354-361.
20.	León-Ponte M, Ahern GP, O'Connell PJ. Serotonin provides an accessory signal to enhance T-cell activation by signaling through the 5-HT₇ receptor. Blood, 2007, 109(8): 3139-3146.
21.	Rendu F, Brohard-Bohn B. The platelet release reaction: granules' constituents, secretion and functions. Platelets, 2009, 12(5): 261-273.
22.	Portier I, Campbell RA. Role of platelets in detection and regulation of infection. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, 2020, 41(1): 70-78.
23.	Dib PRB, Quirino-Teixeira AC, Merij LB, et al. Innate immune receptors in platelets and platelet-leukocyte interactions. J Leukoc Biol, 2020, 108(4): 1157-1182.
24.	Clark SR, Ma AC, Tavener SA, et al. Platelet TLR4 activates neutrophil extracellular traps to ensnare bacteria in septic blood. Nat Med, 2007, 13(4): 463-469.
25.	Anania JC, Chenoweth AM, Wines BD, et al. The human FcγRII (CD32) family of leukocyte FcR in health and disease. Front Immunol, 2019, 10: 464.
26.	Patel P, Michael JV, Naik UP, et al. Platelet FcγRIIA in immunity and thrombosis: adaptive immunothrombosis. J Thromb Haemost, 2021, 19(5): 1149-1160.
27.	Hamzeh-Cognasse H, Damien P, Chabert A, et al. Platelets and infections - complex interactions with bacteria. Front Immunol, 2015, 6: 82.
28.	Wu YF, Zeng ZM, Guo YB, et al. Candida albicans elicits protective allergic responses via platelet mediated T helper 2 and T helper 17 cell polarization. Immunity, 2021, 54(11): 2595-2610.
29.	Finsterbusch M, Schrottmaier WC, Kral-Pointner JB, et al. Measuring and interpreting platelet-leukocyte aggregates. Platelets, 2018, 29(7): 677-685.
30.	Feng YH, Dorhoi A, Mollenkopf H, et al. Platelets direct monocyte differentiation into epithelioid-like multinucleated giant foam cells with suppressive capacity upon mycobacterial stimulation. J Infect Dis, 2014, 210(11): 1700-1710.
31.	Kral-Pointner JB, Schrottmaier WC, Salzmann M, et al. Platelet PI3K modulates innate leukocyte extravasation during acid-induced acute lung inflammation. Thromb Haemost, 2019, 119(10): 1642-1654.
32.	Rossaint J, Thomas K, Mersmann S, et al. Platelets orchestrate the resolution of pulmonary inflammation in mice by T reg cell repositioning and macrophage education. J Exp Med, 2021, 218(7): e20201353.
33.	Wang TH, Liu Z, Wang ZX, et al. Thrombocytopenia is associated with acute respiratory distress syndrome mortality: an international study. PLoS One, 2014, 9(4): e94124.
34.	張東輝, 王穎, 陳翠翠, 等. 血小板動態下降對急性呼吸窘迫綜合征的預后評估價值. 中國呼吸與危重監護雜志, 2018, 17(5): 492-498.
35.	Wei YY, Tejera P, Wang ZX, et al. A missense genetic variant in LRRC16A/CARMIL1 improves acute respiratory distress syndrome survival by attenuating platelet count decline. Am J Respir Crit Care Med, 2017, 195(10): 1353-1361.
36.	Washington AV, Schubert RL, Quigley L, et al. A TREM family member, TLT-1, is found exclusively in the α-granules of megakaryocytes and platelets. Blood, 2004, 104(4): 1042-1047.
37.	Morales-Ortíz J, Rondina MT, Brown SM, et al. High levels of soluble triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells-like transcript (TLT)-1 are associated with acute respiratory distress syndrome. Clin Appl Thromb Hemost, 2018, 24(7): 1122-1127.
38.	Morales-Ortíz J, Deal V, Reyes F, et al. TLT-1 is a prognostic indicator in ALI/ARDS and prevents tissue damage in the lungs in a mouse model. Blood, 2018, 132(23): 2495-2505.
39.	陳妍潔, 張艷, 沈辰. C型凝集素受體CLEC-2的研究進展. 國際免疫學雜志, 2011, 34(1): 12-15,31.
40.	Lax S, Rayes J, Wichaiyo S, et al. Platelet CLEC-2 protects against lung injury via effects of its ligand podoplanin on inflammatory alveolar macrophages in the mouse. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol, 2017, 313(6): L1016-L1029.
41.	Wang XL, Deng HF, Li T, et al. Clopidogrel reduces lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation and neutrophi‐platelet aggregates in an experimental endotoxemic model. J Biochem Mol Toxicol, 2019, 33(4): e22279.
42.	Wang YQ, Zhong M, Wang ZC, et al. The preventive effect of antiplatelet therapy in acute respiratory distress syndrome: a meta-analysis. Crit Care, 2018, 22(1): 60.
43.	Idzko MM, Pitchford SP, Page CP. Role of platelets in allergic airway inflammation. J Allergy Clin Immunol, 2015, 135(6): 1416-1423.
44.	Pitchford SC, Momi S, Baglioni S, et al. Allergen induces the migration of platelets to lung tissue in allergic asthma. Am J Respir Crit Care Med, 2008, 177(6): 604-612.
45.	Takeda T, Morita H, Saito H, et al. Recent advances in understanding the roles of blood platelets in the pathogenesis of allergic inflammation and bronchial asthma. Allergol Int, 2018, 67(3): 326-333.
46.	Duarte D, Taveira-Gomes T, Sokhatska O, et al. Increased circulating platelet microparticles as a potential biomarker in asthma. Allergy, 2013, 68(8): 1073-1075.
47.	Raiden S, Schettini J, Salamone G, et al. Human platelets produce granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor and delay eosinophil apoptosis. Lab Invest, 2003, 83(4): 589-598.
48.	Shah SA, Kanabar V, Riffo-Vasquez Y, et al. Platelets independently recruit into asthmatic lungs and models of allergic inflammation via CCR3. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol, 2021, 64(5): 557-568.
49.	Orimo K, Tamari M, Takeda T, et al. Direct platelet adhesion potentiates group 2 innate lymphoid cell functions. Allergy, 2022, 77(3): 843-855.
50.	Semple JW, Italiano JE, Freedman J. Platelets and the immune continuum. Nat Rev Immunol, 2011, 11(4): 264-274.
51.	Kardas G, Daszyńska-Kardas A, Marynowski M, et al. Role of platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) in asthma as an immunoregulatory factor mediating airway remodeling and possible pharmacological target. Front Pharmacol, 2020, 11: 47.
52.	Maclay JD, McAllister DA, Johnston S, et al. Increased platelet activation in patients with stable and acute exacerbation of COPD. Thorax, 2011, 66(9): 769-774.
53.	Harrison MT, Short P, Williamson PA, et al. Thrombocytosis is associated with increased short and long term mortality after exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a role for antiplatelet therapy?. Thorax, 2014, 69(7): 609-615.
54.	Fawzy A, Putcha N, Paulin LM, et al. Association of thrombocytosis with COPD morbidity: the SPIROMICS and COPDGene cohorts. Respir Res, 2018, 19(1): 20.
55.	Fawzy A, Putcha N, Aaron CP, et al. Aspirin use and respiratory morbidity in COPD: a propensity score-matched analysis in subpopulations and intermediate outcome measures in COPD study. Chest, 2019, 155(3): 519-527.
56.	Fox KA, Kirwan D, Whittington AM, et al. Platelets regulate pulmonary inflammation and tissue destruction in tuberculosis. Am J Respir Crit Care Med, 2018, 198(2): 245-255.
57.	La Manna MP, Orlando V, Badami GD, et al. Platelets accumulate in lung lesions of tuberculosis patients and inhibit T-cell responses and Mycobacterium tuberculosis replication in macrophages. Eur J Immunol, 2022, 52(5): 784-799.
58.	Scheuermann L, Pei G, Domaszewska T, et al. Platelets restrict the oxidative burst in phagocytes and facilitate primary progressive tuberculosis. Am J Respir Crit Care Med, 2020, 202(5): 730-744.
59.	Hottz ED, Azevedo-Quintanilha IG, Palhinha L, et al. Platelet activation and platelet-monocyte aggregate formation trigger tissue factor expression in patients with severe COVID-19. Blood, 2020, 136(11): 1330-1341.
60.	Manne BK, Denorme F, Middleton EA, et al. Platelet gene expression and function in patients with COVID-19. Blood, 2020, 136(11): 1317-1329.
61.	Barrett TJ, Bilaloglu S, Cornwell M, et al. Platelets contribute to disease severity in COVID-19. J Thromb Haemost, 2021, 19(12): 3139-3153.
62.	Delaney C, Davizon-Castillo P, Allawzi A, et al. Platelet activation contributes to hypoxia-induced inflammation. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol, 2021, 320(3): L413-L421.
63.	Ogawa A, Matsubara H. Increased levels of platelet-derived microparticles in pulmonary hypertension. Thromb Res, 2020, 195: 120-124.

1. Kallinikos-Maniatis A. Megakaryocytes and platelets in central venous and arterial blood. Acta Haematol, 1969, 6(42): 330-335.
2. Lefran?ais E, Ortiz-Mu?oz G, Caudrillier A, et al. The lung is a site of platelet biogenesis and a reservoir for haematopoietic progenitors. Nature, 2017, 544(7648): 105-109.
3. Pariser DN, Hilt ZT, Ture SK, et al. Lung megakaryocytes are immune modulatory cells. J Clin Invest, 2021, 131(1): e137377.
4. Machlus KR, Italiano JE Jr. The incredible journey: from megakaryocyte development to platelet formation. J Cell Biol, 2013, 201(6): 785-796.
5. Allaoui A, Khawaja AA, Badad O, et al. Platelet function in viral immunity and SARS-CoV-2 infection. Semin Thromb Hemost, 2021, 47(4): 419-426.
6. Aydogan T, Kanbay M, Al?c? O, et al. Incidence and etiology of thrombocytosis in an adult Turkish population. Platelets, 2006, 17(5): 328-331.
7. Wang HT, He J, Xu CL, et al. Decoding human megakaryocyte development. Cell Stem Cell, 2021, 28(3): 535-549.
8. Morrell CN, Aggrey AA, Chapman LM, et al. Emerging roles for platelets as immune and inflammatory cells. Blood, 2014, 123(18): 2759-2767.
9. Wang J, Xie JY, Wang DS, et al. CXCR4^high megakaryocytes regulate host-defense immunity against bacterial pathogens. eLife, 2022, 11: e78662.
10. Gaertner F, Ahmad Z, Rosenberger G, et al. Migrating platelets are mechano-scavengers that collect and bundle bacteria. Cell, 2017, 171(6): 1368-1382.
11. Koupenova M, Clancy L, Corkrey HA, et al. Circulating platelets as mediators of immunity, inflammation, and thrombosis. Circ Res, 2018, 122(2): 337-351.
12. Gomez-Casado C, Villase?or A, Rodriguez-Nogales A, et al. Understanding platelets in infectious and allergic lung diseases. Int J Mol Sci, 2019, 20(7): 1730.
13. Liu Y, Xiang D, Gao F, et al. The inhibition of P-selectin reduced severe acute lung injury in immunocompromised mice. Erratum: Oxid Med Cell Longev, 2021, 2021: 9827438. Oxid Med Cell Longev, 2020, 2020: 8430465.
14. Bdeir K, Gollomp K, Stasiak M, et al. Platelet-specific chemokines contribute to the pathogenesis of acute lung injury. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol, 2016, 56(2): 261-270.
15. Yue L, Pang Z, Li H, et al. CXCL4 contributes to host defense against acute Pseudomonas aeruginosa lung infection. PLoS One, 2018, 13(10): e205521.
16. Schrottmaier WC, Salzmann M, Badrnya S, et al. Platelets mediate serological memory to neutralize viruses in vitro and in vivo. Blood Adv, 2020, 4(16): 3971-3976.
17. Sowerby JM, Thomas DC, Clare S, et al. NBEAL2 is required for neutrophil and NK cell function and pathogen defense. J Clin Invest, 2017, 127(9): 3521-3526.
18. Tariket S, Guerrero JA, Garraud O, et al. Platelet α‐granules modulate the inflammatory response under systemic lipopolysaccharide injection in mice. Transfusion, 2018, 59(1): 32-38.
19. Katoh N, Soga F, Nara T, et al. Effect of serotonin on the differentiation of human monocytes into dendritic cells. Clin Exp Immunol, 2006, 146(2): 354-361.
20. León-Ponte M, Ahern GP, O'Connell PJ. Serotonin provides an accessory signal to enhance T-cell activation by signaling through the 5-HT₇ receptor. Blood, 2007, 109(8): 3139-3146.
21. Rendu F, Brohard-Bohn B. The platelet release reaction: granules' constituents, secretion and functions. Platelets, 2009, 12(5): 261-273.
22. Portier I, Campbell RA. Role of platelets in detection and regulation of infection. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, 2020, 41(1): 70-78.
23. Dib PRB, Quirino-Teixeira AC, Merij LB, et al. Innate immune receptors in platelets and platelet-leukocyte interactions. J Leukoc Biol, 2020, 108(4): 1157-1182.
24. Clark SR, Ma AC, Tavener SA, et al. Platelet TLR4 activates neutrophil extracellular traps to ensnare bacteria in septic blood. Nat Med, 2007, 13(4): 463-469.
25. Anania JC, Chenoweth AM, Wines BD, et al. The human FcγRII (CD32) family of leukocyte FcR in health and disease. Front Immunol, 2019, 10: 464.
26. Patel P, Michael JV, Naik UP, et al. Platelet FcγRIIA in immunity and thrombosis: adaptive immunothrombosis. J Thromb Haemost, 2021, 19(5): 1149-1160.
27. Hamzeh-Cognasse H, Damien P, Chabert A, et al. Platelets and infections - complex interactions with bacteria. Front Immunol, 2015, 6: 82.
28. Wu YF, Zeng ZM, Guo YB, et al. Candida albicans elicits protective allergic responses via platelet mediated T helper 2 and T helper 17 cell polarization. Immunity, 2021, 54(11): 2595-2610.
29. Finsterbusch M, Schrottmaier WC, Kral-Pointner JB, et al. Measuring and interpreting platelet-leukocyte aggregates. Platelets, 2018, 29(7): 677-685.
30. Feng YH, Dorhoi A, Mollenkopf H, et al. Platelets direct monocyte differentiation into epithelioid-like multinucleated giant foam cells with suppressive capacity upon mycobacterial stimulation. J Infect Dis, 2014, 210(11): 1700-1710.
31. Kral-Pointner JB, Schrottmaier WC, Salzmann M, et al. Platelet PI3K modulates innate leukocyte extravasation during acid-induced acute lung inflammation. Thromb Haemost, 2019, 119(10): 1642-1654.
32. Rossaint J, Thomas K, Mersmann S, et al. Platelets orchestrate the resolution of pulmonary inflammation in mice by T reg cell repositioning and macrophage education. J Exp Med, 2021, 218(7): e20201353.
33. Wang TH, Liu Z, Wang ZX, et al. Thrombocytopenia is associated with acute respiratory distress syndrome mortality: an international study. PLoS One, 2014, 9(4): e94124.
34. 張東輝, 王穎, 陳翠翠, 等. 血小板動態下降對急性呼吸窘迫綜合征的預后評估價值. 中國呼吸與危重監護雜志, 2018, 17(5): 492-498.
35. Wei YY, Tejera P, Wang ZX, et al. A missense genetic variant in LRRC16A/CARMIL1 improves acute respiratory distress syndrome survival by attenuating platelet count decline. Am J Respir Crit Care Med, 2017, 195(10): 1353-1361.
36. Washington AV, Schubert RL, Quigley L, et al. A TREM family member, TLT-1, is found exclusively in the α-granules of megakaryocytes and platelets. Blood, 2004, 104(4): 1042-1047.
37. Morales-Ortíz J, Rondina MT, Brown SM, et al. High levels of soluble triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells-like transcript (TLT)-1 are associated with acute respiratory distress syndrome. Clin Appl Thromb Hemost, 2018, 24(7): 1122-1127.
38. Morales-Ortíz J, Deal V, Reyes F, et al. TLT-1 is a prognostic indicator in ALI/ARDS and prevents tissue damage in the lungs in a mouse model. Blood, 2018, 132(23): 2495-2505.
39. 陳妍潔, 張艷, 沈辰. C型凝集素受體CLEC-2的研究進展. 國際免疫學雜志, 2011, 34(1): 12-15,31.
40. Lax S, Rayes J, Wichaiyo S, et al. Platelet CLEC-2 protects against lung injury via effects of its ligand podoplanin on inflammatory alveolar macrophages in the mouse. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol, 2017, 313(6): L1016-L1029.
41. Wang XL, Deng HF, Li T, et al. Clopidogrel reduces lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation and neutrophi‐platelet aggregates in an experimental endotoxemic model. J Biochem Mol Toxicol, 2019, 33(4): e22279.
42. Wang YQ, Zhong M, Wang ZC, et al. The preventive effect of antiplatelet therapy in acute respiratory distress syndrome: a meta-analysis. Crit Care, 2018, 22(1): 60.
43. Idzko MM, Pitchford SP, Page CP. Role of platelets in allergic airway inflammation. J Allergy Clin Immunol, 2015, 135(6): 1416-1423.
44. Pitchford SC, Momi S, Baglioni S, et al. Allergen induces the migration of platelets to lung tissue in allergic asthma. Am J Respir Crit Care Med, 2008, 177(6): 604-612.
45. Takeda T, Morita H, Saito H, et al. Recent advances in understanding the roles of blood platelets in the pathogenesis of allergic inflammation and bronchial asthma. Allergol Int, 2018, 67(3): 326-333.
46. Duarte D, Taveira-Gomes T, Sokhatska O, et al. Increased circulating platelet microparticles as a potential biomarker in asthma. Allergy, 2013, 68(8): 1073-1075.
47. Raiden S, Schettini J, Salamone G, et al. Human platelets produce granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor and delay eosinophil apoptosis. Lab Invest, 2003, 83(4): 589-598.
48. Shah SA, Kanabar V, Riffo-Vasquez Y, et al. Platelets independently recruit into asthmatic lungs and models of allergic inflammation via CCR3. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol, 2021, 64(5): 557-568.
49. Orimo K, Tamari M, Takeda T, et al. Direct platelet adhesion potentiates group 2 innate lymphoid cell functions. Allergy, 2022, 77(3): 843-855.
50. Semple JW, Italiano JE, Freedman J. Platelets and the immune continuum. Nat Rev Immunol, 2011, 11(4): 264-274.
51. Kardas G, Daszyńska-Kardas A, Marynowski M, et al. Role of platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) in asthma as an immunoregulatory factor mediating airway remodeling and possible pharmacological target. Front Pharmacol, 2020, 11: 47.
52. Maclay JD, McAllister DA, Johnston S, et al. Increased platelet activation in patients with stable and acute exacerbation of COPD. Thorax, 2011, 66(9): 769-774.
53. Harrison MT, Short P, Williamson PA, et al. Thrombocytosis is associated with increased short and long term mortality after exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a role for antiplatelet therapy?. Thorax, 2014, 69(7): 609-615.
54. Fawzy A, Putcha N, Paulin LM, et al. Association of thrombocytosis with COPD morbidity: the SPIROMICS and COPDGene cohorts. Respir Res, 2018, 19(1): 20.
55. Fawzy A, Putcha N, Aaron CP, et al. Aspirin use and respiratory morbidity in COPD: a propensity score-matched analysis in subpopulations and intermediate outcome measures in COPD study. Chest, 2019, 155(3): 519-527.
56. Fox KA, Kirwan D, Whittington AM, et al. Platelets regulate pulmonary inflammation and tissue destruction in tuberculosis. Am J Respir Crit Care Med, 2018, 198(2): 245-255.
57. La Manna MP, Orlando V, Badami GD, et al. Platelets accumulate in lung lesions of tuberculosis patients and inhibit T-cell responses and Mycobacterium tuberculosis replication in macrophages. Eur J Immunol, 2022, 52(5): 784-799.
58. Scheuermann L, Pei G, Domaszewska T, et al. Platelets restrict the oxidative burst in phagocytes and facilitate primary progressive tuberculosis. Am J Respir Crit Care Med, 2020, 202(5): 730-744.
59. Hottz ED, Azevedo-Quintanilha IG, Palhinha L, et al. Platelet activation and platelet-monocyte aggregate formation trigger tissue factor expression in patients with severe COVID-19. Blood, 2020, 136(11): 1330-1341.
60. Manne BK, Denorme F, Middleton EA, et al. Platelet gene expression and function in patients with COVID-19. Blood, 2020, 136(11): 1317-1329.
61. Barrett TJ, Bilaloglu S, Cornwell M, et al. Platelets contribute to disease severity in COVID-19. J Thromb Haemost, 2021, 19(12): 3139-3153.
62. Delaney C, Davizon-Castillo P, Allawzi A, et al. Platelet activation contributes to hypoxia-induced inflammation. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol, 2021, 320(3): L413-L421.
63. Ogawa A, Matsubara H. Increased levels of platelet-derived microparticles in pulmonary hypertension. Thromb Res, 2020, 195: 120-124.

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