摘要:目的:探討5·12汶川8.0級地震中顱面部外傷的影像學表現特點。方法: 回顧性分析自2008年5月12~31日因地震顱面部外傷在我院行CT、MRI檢查的傷員251例,其中CT檢查248例,MRI檢查16例。結果:放射檢查陽性162例,陽性率為64.54%,以40～49歲年齡組最多,為53例,其中男性41例。在放射檢查陽性中,多發傷112例(約69.13%),多類型顱面部外傷同時并存103例(約63.58%)。主要損傷發生率依次為軟組織損傷(35.50%),骨折(22.94%),腦挫裂傷(21.21%),硬膜下及硬膜外血腫(10.40%),其它(共約9.92%)。結論: 地震造成顱面部外傷人群主要為40～49歲中年男性,多發傷、多類型顱面部外傷多見,并以軟組織損傷、骨折、腦挫裂傷、硬膜下及硬膜外血腫較常見。Abstract: Objective: To describe the imaging features of head and face injured patients after the Wenchuan earthquake. Methods: The radiological information of 251 victims who were suspicious of head and face injury and underwent CT or MRI examinations from 12 May to 31 May 2008 was analysed retrospectively. There were 248 and 16 cases underwent CT or MRI examinations respectively. Results: One hundred and sixtytwo cases(64.54% )were positive. There were 53 cases in the 4049 years old age group, of which 41 were male. In patients with positive findings, 112 cases (about 63.58%) were comprised of several types of head and face injury. The incidence of the main injury type included: soft tissue injury (35.50%), fracture (22.94%), cerebral contusion (21.21%), subdural and epidural hematoma (12.40%), others (9.92%). Conclusions: The males with head and face injury in 4049 years old group were the major injured people in this earthquake. Head and face injury accompanied by multiple system injuries, the existence of several types of head and face injury at the same time were common. Among all the injury types, soft tissue injury, fracture, contusion, subdural and epidural hematoma were relatively commom.
ObjectiveTo analyze the state of rehabilitation after Lushan earthquake for improving the rehabilitation and personnel training system.
MethodsFrom April 21st to May 5th, 2013, we collected data related to earthquake victims and the staff structure from West China Hospital, Leshan Downtown Hospital, Emeishan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), and Ya'an People's Hospital through interview and field investigation.
ResultsTwo weeks after the earthquake, 25 220 victims received treatments in Sichuan Province, 6 545 surgeries were conducted, and 947 victims received postoperative early rehabilitation. A total of 392 victims received treatments in West China Hospital, Sichuan University, including 321 in-patients. In Leshan Downtown Hospital, Emeishan Hospital of TCM and Ya'an People's Hospital, the proportion of rehabilitation doctors reached 11.5% among all the doctors, the rehabilitation nurses reached to 8.6% among all nurses, and the rehabilitation therapists with certification reached to 4/5.
ConclusionThe construction of the rehabilitation system and discipline, the cultivation of professional personnel, and popularization of rehabilitation concept are essential for development of rehabilitation in Sichuan province.
Objective To report the anti-epidemic work for counterpart-supporting Longmen township, the epicenter of Lushan earthquake, by Mianyang health and epidemic prevention team from the first day to one month after the earthquake. Methods a) The following information was collected: work information and report forms of each counterpart-support small group, government work information, work information statistics and historical epidemic materials of health center, and epidemic prevention materials of Beichuan county. b) The epidemic prevention work of Longmen township from the first day to one month after earthquake were documentarily described, the expert group review was adopted to assess the disaster situation, epidemic situation and health needs, and the visual observation and trace method were used to monitor the vectors. Results a) The first team arrived in Ya’an city at the 19th hour after earthquake. The members of the team put forward the “City in-charge-of Township counterpart-support anti-epidemic mode” and they were approved to counterpart-support Longmen township. b) The second team involving 48 members assigned to the first team within 5 days after earthquake. Totally 224 local people were called up and they carried out a comprehensive work based on the “City in-charge-of Township counterpart-support anti-epidemic mode”: water quality and disease surveillance, disinfection and disinsectization at key sites, epidemic prevention in settlements, large-scale health education, and psychological intervention. c) As of 1 month after the earthquake, Mianyang health and epidemic prevention team had dispatched 20 vehicles and 122 people participated in the post-disaster epidemic prevention in Longmen township. The total disinfection area was 1 725 400 square meters, and disinsectization area was 1 162 500 square meters; 184 water samples were collected, and 7 717 family-times’ drinking water disinfection were guided; nearly 28 000 publicity materials were distributed; 8 636 people were visited and received for diagnosis; 33 cases with watery diarrhea and 16 cases with fever were found; 117 people were trained about mental health service, 3 mental health service stations were set up, and 1 152 people were helped with special population mental health services. Conclusion a) Mianyang health and epidemic prevention team combined the special requirements of epidemic prevention in Lushan earthquake with the proficient experiences and work modes of epidemic prevention in Mianyang as the extremely-severe stricken area in Wenchuan earthquake, and put forward the “City in-charge-of Township counterpart-support mode” which is implemented and verified in the anti-epidemic practice in epicenter of Longmen Township. b) Compared with the epidemic prevention in Qushan township of Beichuan county which is the epicenter of both Lushan and Wenchuan earthquakes: the following 8 aspects (including the “City in-charge-of Township counterpart-support” formed, the first anti-epidemic team entered into the village, full coverage of anti-epidemic team entered into the village, direct reporting network recovered, settlement’s regular administration started, water supply guaranteed, drinking water monitoring initiated, emergency vaccination initiated) were performed earlier in Lushan than Wenchuan, with 42 days, 2 days, 32 days, 4 days, 10 days, 6 days, 7 days, and 19 days in advance, respectively. c) The overall performance is faster, more reasonable, and more efficient. It can provide first-hand information for globally similar earthquake’s epidemic prevention, and also the decision-making and reference for both post-disaster reconstruction and construction of regional state disaster emergency response system.
Objective To compare the medical emergency rescue systems used during earthquakes in America, Japan, Russia and China; so as to provide reference material for the establishment and improvement of such a system in China. Methods We searched the official websites of China, America, Japan and Russia, WHO.int, CNKI, OVID, The Cochrane Library and other authoritative sources to collect information involving the medical emergency rescue systems used during earthquakes. The mechanism, legal management, preventive measures and performance of each country’s medical emergency rescue system were summarized and compared. Results Crisis management, integrated action and legal support were highly emphasized in America, Japan and Russia. America and Japan have performed well in implementing routine preventive measures. The organizational structure of the medical emergency rescue system in China was similar to that of the other countries, but its performance was not satisfactory due to insufficient financial support, poor management, inefficient operational mechanism and poor preventive measures. Conclusion There is an urgent need for China to reinforce its medical emergency rescue system. Different models should be taken into account because of the different regional situations in China.
ObjectiveTo understand the levels of and influencing factors for knowledge of earthquake in the elderly population.
MethodPeople who were older than 60 years in the earthquake area of Sichuan Province were surveyed by self-designed earthquake knowledge scale composed of 6 items with a point of 1-5 for each item between October and November 2013. The total score ranged from 6 to 30 points.
ResultsUp to 1 509 elderly people participated the survey. The total score of earthquake knowledge was 13.33±4.85. The main resource for acquiring those knowledge was TV (76.87%). Occupation, education level, residency, marital status, residence, self-injury, health status, access to earthquake knowledge, and worrying about earthquake were related factors for their knowledge on earthquake (P<0.05). Regression analysis showed that the higher degree of education, having a spouse, living in city, more access to earthquake knowledge, worrying about earthquake were the promotion factors for earthquake knowledge preparedness. Self-injury, poor health were the factors that hindered the acquiring of earthquake knowledge preparedness.
ConclusionsIt is necessary to train knowledge of earthquake for elderly people individually because they lack enough resources and tend to be affected by many factors.
