【摘要】 目的 探討雙眼散光軸向的關系。 方法 隨機選取2010年1—12月預行準分子激光原位角膜磨鑲術(laser in situ keratomileusis,LASIK)手術患者200例400只眼(散光gt;-0.50 D),收集全眼散光和角膜散光軸向,定性和定量分析雙眼散光軸向的關系。 結果 ①定性分析:雙眼全眼散光性質相同病例在電腦驗光儀結果中占92.5%,在綜合驗光儀結果中占95.0%;雙眼角膜散光性質相同病例在電腦驗光儀結果中占95.5%,在角膜地形圖結果中占97.5%。②定量分析:雙眼全眼散光在電腦驗光儀結果中對稱者為36.5%,近似對稱為25.0%,非對稱為38.5%;在綜合驗光儀結果中對稱者為50.5%,近似對稱為19.5%,非對稱為30.0%。雙眼角膜散光在電腦驗光儀結果中對稱者為37.0%,近似對稱為31.5%,非對稱為31.5%;在角膜地形圖結果中對稱者為43.0%,近似對稱為32.0%,非對稱為25.0%。雙眼散光軸向對稱性指數的中位數在4種檢查結果中分別為:8、6、8、6。 結論 雙眼的全眼和角膜散光在軸向方面都具有同質性,并且具有對稱或近似對稱趨勢。【Abstract】 Objective To analyze the relationship between binocular astigmatism axes. Methods This study included 400 eyes of 200 patients treated by laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) between January and December 2010, whose astigmatic degrees were greater than -0.5 D. We collected astigmatic axles coming from either whole eye or cornea. The relationship between binocular astigmatism axes was analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively. Results ① Qualitative analysis: cases of total astigmatism axis with similar quality in autorefraction took up 92.5%, and 95% in subjective refraction. Cases of cornea astigmatism axis with similar quality in autorefraction took up 95.5%, and 97.5% in cornea topography. ② Quantitative analysis: in autorefraction, cases of total astigmatism axes were symmetrical in 36.5%, approximately symmetrical in 25%, and dissymmetrical in 35% of the subjects. In subjective refraction, 50.5% showed symmetry, 19.5% approximate symmetry, and 30% dissymmetry. In autorefraction, cases of cornea astigmatism axis were symmetrical in about 37%, approximately symmetrical in 31.5%, and dissymmetrical in 31.5% of the patients. In cornea topography, 43% of the cases were symmetrical, about 32% were approximately symmetrical, and 25% were dissymmetrical. The middle numbers of the symmetrical index for the four kinds of examinations were respectively 8, 6, 8, and 6. Conclusion The total astigmatism axis and the binocular astigmatism axis of cornea have the characteristic of homogeneity, also the trend of symmetry.
目的探討長時間配戴角膜塑形鏡后角膜形態能否在停戴后恢復,角膜塑形術是否會加重近視患者的角膜散光和眼散光。方法回顧性研究 2016 年 12 月—2018 年 4 月在四川大學華西醫院門診按標準流程驗配過 2 次角膜塑形鏡且在驗配第 2 副角膜塑形鏡前已連續停戴第 1 副角膜塑形鏡 1 個月的近視患者 33 例,并采用單純隨機抽樣的方法抽取 32 例近視框架眼鏡配戴者作為對照。分析其配戴角膜塑形鏡前和停戴角膜塑形鏡 1 個月后的角膜平坦子午線曲率(平 K 值)、角膜陡峭子午線曲率(陡 K 值)、角膜散光和眼散光變化情況。結果基線近視屈光度為?0.25~?2.75 D 的患者中,框架眼鏡組的角膜平 K 年平均變化值為(?0.03±0.21)D,角膜塑形鏡組的角膜平 K 年平均變化值為(?0.24±0.14)D,兩組比較差異有統計學意義(t=5.555,P<0.001)。基線近視屈光度為?0.25~?2.75 D 的患者中,框架眼鏡組的角膜陡 K 年平均變化值為(0.20±0.42)D,角膜塑形鏡組的角膜陡 K 年平均變化值為(0.15±0.20)D,兩組比較差異無統計學意義(t=0.785,P=0.435)。基線近視屈光度為?3.00~?5.75 D 的患者中,框架眼鏡組的角膜陡 K 年平均變化值為(0.29±0.39)D,角膜塑形鏡組的角膜陡 K 年平均變化值為(?0.01±0.20)D,兩組比較差異有統計學意義(t=2.758,P=0.014)。按眼別、性別、年齡和基線角膜散光值分層分析,兩組患者的角膜散光年平均變化值差異均無統計學意義(P>0.05)。基線眼散光絕對值≤0.50 D 的患者,框架眼鏡組的眼散光年變化中位數(四分位數間距)為 0.00(0.50)D,角膜塑形鏡組的眼散光年變化中位數(四分位數間距)為?0.33(0.48)D,兩組比較差異有統計學意義(Z=?2.301,P=0.021)。結論長期配戴角膜塑形鏡停戴 1 個月后角膜平 K 值變平坦,陡 K 值不變。和框架眼鏡配戴者相比,角膜散光增加無差異。基線眼散光≤0.50 D 時,配戴角膜塑形鏡后可能出現眼散光的增加。