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        west china medical publishers
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        find Author "李霞" 41 results
        • 胸外科禁食患者經外周行靜脈高營養的效果觀察

          目的觀察胸外科禁食患者行外周靜脈高營養的臨床效果,分析其輸液相關并發癥的發生率、留置針保留時間以及護理干預和健康指導的作用。 方法觀察2014年4月-6月40例短期內需行全腸外營養支持的患者。建立外周靜脈通道,輸注脂肪乳氨基酸(17)葡萄糖(11%)注射液(1 440 mL/d)行靜脈高營養治療和貫穿整個療程的護理干預及健康指導,觀察其輸液相關并發癥的發生率和留置時間。 結果納入患者中僅1例發生輸液通路的阻塞,并予更換留置針;另有4例靜脈炎(Ⅰ級)。其他患者全腸外營養輸注療程中均無紅斑、疼痛、水腫或靜脈條紋等靜脈炎發生或其他輸液相關并發癥的發生,平均留置時間為(3.07±1.73)d。 結論胸外科術前或術后禁飲禁食患者,短期內通過外周靜脈給予高營養支持并輔以護理干預和健康指導,其輸液相關并發癥發生率低且靜脈留置針的使用時間合理,在改善患者預后的同時減輕了患者的經濟負擔,并提高了患者滿意度。

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        • Evaluation of Transvaginal B-ultrasound in the Early Diagnosis of Ectopic Pregnancy

          目的 探討經陰道B型超聲(B超)在診斷早期宮外孕中的臨床應用價值。 方法 回顧分析2011年5月-2012年3月應用陰道B超與腹部B超對78例宮外孕患者進行對比檢查的臨床資料并回顧性分析,評價兩種檢查方法的臨床效果。 結果 78例宮外孕患者,應用經陰道B超檢查診斷準確率為97.44%,應用腹部B超準確率為61.54%,差異具有統計學意義(χ2=6.472,P<0.05);經陰道B超檢查診斷附件包塊、宮內假孕囊、心血管搏動、胚芽、盆腔積液的檢出率明顯高于經腹部B 超檢查的檢出率(P<0.05)。 結論 陰道B超具有操作簡單、快速、無副作用、無需充盈膀胱等優點,在宮外孕的早期診斷中具有絕對的優越性,為臨床提供了更方便、更快捷的診斷手段,減輕了患者痛苦,提高了診斷的準確率,值得臨床廣泛推廣和應用。

          Release date:2016-09-08 09:18 Export PDF Favorites Scan
        • Expression of E-cadherin in Invasive Ductal Carcinoma of the Breast and Its Significance

          【摘要】 目的 探討乳腺浸潤性導管癌中表皮鈣黏蛋白(E-cadherin,E-cad)的表達及其意義。 方法 選取2005年1月-2009年12月的組織病理切塊,用免疫組織化學EnVision二步法檢測63例乳腺浸潤性導管癌(invasive ductal carcinoma,IDC)組織中E-cad的表達情況,設為IDC組;另檢測15例乳腺纖維腺瘤及15例乳腺小葉增生癥乳腺組織中E-cad的表達情況,設為對照組;比較兩組的E-cad表達。 結果 E-cad在IDC組及對照組中表達陽性率分別為58.7%、80.0%;兩組間差異有統計學意義(Plt;0.05)。在乳腺IDC患者中,年齡lt;38歲和≥38歲組的E-cad陽性表達率分別是54.2%、61.5%,兩組間差異無統計學意義(Pgt;0.05);腫塊直徑lt;3 cm和≥3 cm組的E-cad陽性表達率分別是54.8%、66.7%,兩組間差異無統計學意義(Pgt;0.05);組織學分級為Ⅰ+Ⅱ級和Ⅲ級組的E-cad陽性表達率分別是76.3%、32.0%,兩組間差異有統計學意義(Plt;0.05);無、有腋窩淋巴結轉移組的E-cad陽性表達率分別是78.3%、47.5%,兩組間差異有統計學意義(Plt;0.05)。 結論 E-cad的表達與患者年齡及腫塊大小無關,而與組織學分級、淋巴結轉移相關。在乳腺浸潤性導管癌中,無淋巴結轉移者E-cad表達高于有淋巴結轉移者,提示E-cad是乳腺浸潤性導管癌發生淋巴結轉移的重要指標。【Abstract】 Objective To explore the expression of the protein E-cadherin (E-cad) in invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) of the breast and its significance. Methods We chose 63 cases of pathological wax with IDC between 2005 and 2009, and immunohistochemical EnVision method was used to detect the expression of E-cad protein in these cases which were designated to be the IDC group. At the same time, the E-cad expression in 15 cases of breast adenoma and another 15 cases of breast lobular hyperplasia were also detected, and these cases were designed to the the control group. The expression of E-cad in these two groups were compared. Results The positive rates of E-cad protein expression in the IDC group and the control group were respectively 58.7% and 80.0% with a significant difference between the two groups (Plt;0.05). In the IDC group, the positive rates of E-cad protein expression in patients agedlt;38 and ≥38 years old were respectively 54.2% and 61.5% without a significant difference (Pgt;0.05). The positive rates of E-cad protein expression for tumors with a diameter lt;3 cm and ≥3 cm were respectively 54.8% and 66.7% without a significant difference (Pgt;0.05). The positive rates of E-cad protein expression for class Ⅰ+Ⅱ tumors and class Ⅲ tumors were respectively 76.3% and 32.0% with a significant difference (Plt;0.05). The positive rates of E-cad protein expression for patients without and with axillary lymph node metastasis were respectively 78.3% and 47.5% with a significant difference (Plt;0.05). Conclusions The expression of E-cad is correlated with histological classification and lymph node metastasis and was not related to tumor size and age of the patients. The expression of E-cad is higher in IDC patients without lymph node metastasis than that in IDC patients with lymph node metastasis, which indicates that E-cad is an important index for lymph node metastasis of IDC.

          Release date:2016-09-08 09:26 Export PDF Favorites Scan
        • 彈力繃帶在經外周靜脈置入中心靜脈導管置管中的固定作用及效果

          目的 討論彈力繃帶在經外周靜脈置入中心靜脈導管(PICC)置管中的固定作用及對減少局部滲血、滲液和預防機械性靜脈炎的效果。 方法 選擇2011年6月-2012年3月在某三甲醫院重癥醫學科(ICU)行PICC置管的100例患者,按穿刺時間先后順序單號納入對照組,雙號歸于試驗組,每組各50例。對照組置管后在穿刺局部放置8層無菌方紗,外用 10 cm×12 cm的透明敷料外固定;試驗組在對照組的基礎上增加彈力繃帶固定,分別觀察兩組患者置管后24、72 h局部滲血、滲液、機械性靜脈炎的發生情況。 結果 在24、72 h兩個時間點,試驗組滲血、滲液發生率少于對照組(χ2=4.57,P<0.05);靜脈炎發生率在24 h時低于對照組(χ2=4.00,P<0.05),但在72 h差異無統計學意義。 結論 PICC置管患者使用彈力繃帶固定不僅可防止穿刺點滲血滲液,減少機械性靜脈炎的發生,而且可減輕護士工作量,值得臨床推廣使用。

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        • 全胸腔鏡下二尖瓣置換術麻醉體會

          目的探討全胸腔鏡下二尖瓣置換術的麻醉心得。 方法回顧性分析2011年10月至2012年7月四川大學華西醫院擬在全胸腔鏡下行二尖瓣置換術7例患者的臨床資料。男4例、女3例,年齡19~53(34.17±5.58)歲,體重42~69(56.00±3.69)kg。心功能根據紐約心臟協會(NYHA)分級為Ⅱ~Ⅲ級,術前心電圖顯示均為竇性心律,超聲心動圖檢查提示,以二尖瓣狹窄病變為主3例,以二尖瓣反流病變為主4例。采用雙腔氣管內插管,靜脈吸入復合全身麻醉,麻醉維持以異丙酚4~10 mg(/kg·h)靜脈輸注,間斷給予舒芬太尼和維庫溴銨維持鎮痛肌松。在食管超聲引導下采用右側股動靜脈插管建立體外循環,主動脈阻斷后行主動脈根部順行性灌注心肌保護液。 結果7例患者中有6例在全胸腔鏡輔助下順利完成二尖瓣置換術,1例中轉開胸完成二尖瓣置換術。6例行全胸腔鏡下二尖瓣置換術患者主動脈阻斷時間71~144(112.33±9.90)min,體外循環(CPB)時間97~180(150.33±11.60)min,手術時間200~300(251.67±13.52)min,術后拔管時間8.0~20.5(14.37±2.06)h,住ICU時間42.5~53.2(47.65±1.42)h,住院時間11~16(14.17±0.79)d。術后均無二尖瓣機械瓣瓣周漏,無血腫、感染、肺不張等嚴重并發癥,無死亡。 結論對于電視胸腔鏡下二尖瓣手術的麻醉,充分的術前評估和麻醉前準備是基礎,術中充足的大腦灌注和靜脈引流是重點,經食管超聲心動圖的指導作用是關鍵。

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        • 氣管切開術后專用一次性護理包的設計

          Release date:2016-09-07 02:34 Export PDF Favorites Scan
        • 空巢老人健康狀況及護理需求調查

          目的 了解空巢老人健康狀況及其對社區護理的需求,為社區老年護理的開展和完善提供科學依據。 方法 2012年1月-2013年12月采用自制調查表對成都市主城區(武侯區、錦江區、成華區、青羊區)的600名空巢老人進行問卷調查,了解其健康狀況及護理需求。 結果 空巢老人隨著年齡的增加,日常生活不能自理者占被調查對象的6.3%;空巢老人慢性病排在前3位的分別為高血壓、糖尿病及冠狀動脈粥樣硬化性心臟病;心理衛生自評方面心理狀態很好占20.2%,好占42.9%;對護理需求排在前3位的分別為生病時提供上門護理(94.4%)、老年慢性病預防與護理知識(89.0%)、緊急救護知識與護理(79.3%)。 結論 成都市空巢老人生活自理能力下降,對護理需求增加,為空巢老人提供多種途徑、多種形式的社區護理,有利于提高其生活質量。

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        • 呼吸系統疾病治療中干粉吸入療法的研究進展

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        • 急性重癥肺栓塞救治失敗一例

          Release date:2018-03-05 03:32 Export PDF Favorites Scan
        • Tissue Doppler Strain Rate Imaging to Evaluate the Impact of Dopamine and Milrinone on Left Ventricular Function of Patients Undergoing Heart Valve Replacement

          Abstract: Objective To use tissue Doppler strain rate imaging to evaluate the impact of low dose dopamine and milrinone on systolic and diastolic function of the left ventricle of patients undergoing heart valve replacement. Methods  Forty patients undergoing selective heart valve replacement in West China Hospital of Sichuan University between March and May 2011 were included in this study. All the patients were randomized into 2 groups with 20 patients in each group: milrione group and dopamine group. After anesthesia induction and before cardiopulmonary bypass setup, left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) was measured by echocardiography. Tissue Doppler strain rate imaging was used to measure the left ventricular lateral wall and midventricular segment from the four-chamber view, which was compared with Doppler parameters. Results LVEF, ratio of early-diastolic to end-diastolic velocity (E/A) of transmitral flow, ratio of mitral  inflow velocity to early diastolic velocity in the annulus (E/Et) of both 2 groups were significantly different between before and after dopamine and milrinone administration (P<0. 05). In the milrinone group, 4 segments systolic peak velocity (Vs), 1 segment early diastolic peak velocity (Ve), 4 segments late diastolic peak velocity (Va), 3 segments Ve/Va ratio, 2 segments systolic peak strain rate (SRs), 2 segments late diastolic peak strain rate (SRa), and 3 segments early diastolic peak strain rate SRe/SRa ratio after dopamine and milrinone administration were significantly higher than those before dopamine  and milrinone administration (P<0. 05). In the dopamine group, 4 segments systolic peak velocity (Vs), 1 segment Ve, 4 segments Va, 1 segment Ve/Va ratio, 2 segments SRs, 1 segment SRe, 1 segment SRa, and 1 segment SRe/SRa ratio after dopamine and milrinone administration were significantly higher than those before dopamine and milrinone administration (P<0.05). To compare the milrione group and dopamine group after medication administration, 2 segments Vs, 4 segments Va, 1 segment SRe, 1 segment SRa, 2 segments Ve/Va ratio, and 2 segments SRe/SRa ratio of the milrione group were significantly higher than those of the dopamine group (P<0.05), and 1 segment Vs, two segments SRs of the milrione group were significantly lower than those of the dopamine group (P<0.05). Conclusion Both milrinone and dopamine can improve left ventricular systolic function of perioperative patients undergoing heart valve replacement assessed by tissue Doppler strain rate imaging, while milrinone can improve the diastolic function of the left ventricle on the long axis more significantly.

          Release date:2016-08-30 05:28 Export PDF Favorites Scan
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