Objective To evaluate the value of bile and serum CA19-9 in diagnosing biliary tract carcinoma. Methods Bile and serum CA199 and CEA were determined by radioimmunoassay (RIA). Results The dividing value of bile CA199 is 12 000 kU/L, and its sensitivity and specificity were 85.71%, 73.91% respectively. The dividing value of bile CEA is 480 μg/L, and its corresponding indexes were 57.14% and 77.17%. The false positive rate of bile CA19-9 and CEA were 26.09% and 22.83%. Serum CA19-9 sensitivity, specificity were 80.00% and 85.11%; the corresponding indexes of serum CEA were 68.57% and 82.97%. Conclusion CA19-9 is an effective tumor marker in diagnosing, deciding whether the tumor has been radically resected and in monitoring its response to the treatment.
Objective To explore the value of expression of carcinomaassociated antigens in early diagnosis and predicting prognosis in gallbladder carcinoma. MethodsThe expression of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), carbohydrate antigen (CA50), Ecadherin (ECD) and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) in 10 cases of cholecystitis, 10 cases of gallbladder adenomas and 50 cases of gallbladder carcinomas were detected by immunohistochemistry. ResultsThe positive rate of CEA, CA50 and PCNA labeling index (LI) in gallbladder carcinomas were significantly higher than that of gallbladder adenomas and cholecystitis (P＜0.05 and P＜0.01). The positive rate of ECD in gallbladder carcinomas, especially with metastasis, was significantly lower than that of gallbladder adenomas and cholecystitis (P＜0.05). The 3year survival rate was significantly lower in gallbladder carcinomas with CEA and PCNA overexpression (P＜0.05), the 3year survival rate in patients with ECD positive tumors was higher than that of those with negative tumors (P＜0.05). Conclusion The detection of CEA, CA50 and PCNA is useful for early diagnosis of malignant change in gallbladder adenomas and gallbladder carcinomas. Therefore, the CEA, PCNA and ECD might be useful for predicting prognosis of gallbladder carcinomas.
ObjectiveTo systematically review the diagnostic value of the combined test of serum CA153, CA125 and CEA in detection of breast cancer.
MethodsClinical diagnostic tests about CA153, CA125 and CEA in patients with breast cancer were retrieved in PubMed, EMbase, CBM, The Cochrane Library (Issue 3, 2014), CNKI, VIP, and WanFang Data from January 1st, 2004 to April 16st, 2014. References of included literature were also retrieved. Literature screening according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, data extraction and methodological quality assessment were completed by two reviewers independently. Meta-analysis was then conducted using Meta-Disc 1.4 software.
ResultsA total of 21 studies involving 4 263 subjects were enrolled. In all studies, the results of meta-analysis indicated that:the DOR, AUC and Q index of the single test (CA153) were 18.71 (95%CI 11.62 to 30.11), 0.858 9, and 0.789 7; while those of the combined test (CA153, CA125 and CEA) were 37.95 (95%CI 21.97 to 65.57), 0.959 1, 0.903 1. Compared with the single test, the diagnostic efficacy of the combined test was higher (Z=3.675, P=0.001 5).
ConclusionCompared with the detection of CA153 alone, the combined detection of CA125, CA153 and CEA has higher efficacy and accuracy in the diagnosis of breast cancer.
Objective
To investigate the effects of recombinant adenovirus-mediated co-transfection of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) gene and erythropoietin (EPO) gene on promoting hematopoietic stem cells directly producing erythrocyte vaccine against colon cancer.
Methods
The expression adenovirus vectors carrying CEA and EPO or green fluorescent protein (GFP) gene were constructed respectively, and recombinant adenovirus carrying CEA, EPO or GFP were packaged and produced respectively. The bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) of mice were isolated and cultured in vitro by anti-CD117 magnetic bead separation, and were transfected with CEA (CEA group), EPO (EPO group) or GFP (blank vector group), co-transfected with CEA and EPO (CEA-EPO group). The expressionsof CEA and EPO gene and its protein after transfection in supernatant fluid of culture were detected by realtime-PCR and Western blot method in each group. We had checked and obtained the vaccine with co-transfection of CEA gene and EPO gene by cell red line marker antibody CD71 and GPA, then we carried on experiments with the vaccine in vitro and in vivo. There were 4 groups in our trail: blank vector group, CEA group, EPO group, and CEA-EPO group.
Results
We had successfully gathered the hematopoietic stem cells, flow cytometry analysis result showed that there were significant differences before and after purification for positive selected samples (P<0.05). The expressions of double genes (CEA-EPO gene) and protein showed CEA-EPO gene were successfully transfected into the hematopoietic stem cells. We had confirmed erythrocyte vaccine with co-transfection of CEA and EPO gene by antibody CD71 and GPA with flow cytometry. The monocytes cytotoxicity on colon cancer cell line CT26 showed that lysis of target cells of CEA-EPO group were higher than those of other 3 groups when in proportion of 40∶1 (P<0.05). In the experimentation of neoplasma format, the volume of tumor and mortality were smaller or lower, but survival time was longer of CEA-EPO group in2 weeks after treatment (P<0.05).
Conclusions
The erythrocyte vaccine with co-transfection of CEA gene and EPO gene has efficient anti-tumor effects on colon cancer. Not only can promote hematopoietic stem cell directly producing erythrocyte vaccine, but also can produce tumor antigen vaccine against colon cancer.
Objective
To study effect of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) positive targeted lymphocytes on gastric cancer cells in vitro and in vivo.
Methods
The peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were isolated from the peripheral blood of healthy volunteers. The recombinant vector anti-CEA-scFv-CD3ζ-pcDNA3.0 was transfected into the PBMCs by lipofectamine 2000, by this means, the CEA special lymphocytes were obtained. Meanwhile, the PBMCs transfected with empty plasmid pcDNA3.0 were used as control (empty vector lymphocytes). The different lymphocytes and gastric cancer cells (CEA positive KATOⅢ gastric cancer cells and CEA negative BGC-823 gastric cancer cells) were co-cultured, then the ability to identify the gastric cancer cells and it’s effect on apoptosis of gastric cancer cells were observed at 24 h or 36 h later respectively. The CEA special lymphocytes and empty vector lymphocytes were injected by the tail vein of nude mice bearing gastric cancer cells, then it’s effect on the tumor was observed.
Results
① The CEA special lymphocytes could strongly identify the KATOⅢ gastric cancer cells (identification rate was 72.3%), which could weakly identify the BGC-823 gastric cancer cells (identification rate was 7.8%). ② The apoptosis rate of the co-culture of CEA special lymphocytes and KATOⅢ gastric cancer cells was significantly higher than that of the co-culture of empty vector lymphocytes and KATOⅢ gastric cancer cells (P=0.032), which had no significant difference between the co-culture of CEA special lymphocytes and BGC-823 gastric cancer cells and the co-culture of empty vector lymphocytes and BGC-823 gastric cancer cells (P=0.118). ③ The tumor volume of the co-culture of CEA special lymphocytes and KATOⅢ gastric cancer cells was significantly smaller than that of the co-culture of empty vector lymphocytes and KATOⅢ gastric cancer cells (F=5.010, P<0.01) or the co-culture of CEA special lymphocytes and BGC-823 gastric cancer cells (F=4.982, P<0.01), which had no significant difference between the co-culture of CEA special lymphocytes and BGC-823 gastric cancer cells and the co-culture of empty vector lymphocytes and BGC-823 gastric cancer cells (F=1.210, P>0.05).
Conclusion
CEA special lymphocytes can promote cell apoptosis and inhabit tumor reproduction of CEA positive gastric cancer cells in vitro and in vivo.
Objective To explore the correlations of plasma D-dimer and fibrinogen levels with carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and cytokeratin 19 fragment (CYFRA21-1) in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Methods The clinical data of 196 patients with NSCLC diagnosed for the first time in the Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, the 416 Hospital of Nuclear Indusry between July 2017 and December 2019 were analyzed retrospectively. There were 57 cases in early stage (stage Ⅰ-Ⅱ), 57 cases in medium stage (stage Ⅲ), and 82 cases in advanced stage (stage Ⅳ) according to TNM staging, 108 cases of adenocarcinoma, 87 cases of squamous cell carcinoma, and 1 case of unclassified type according to pathological classification, and 19 deaths and 177 survivals according to outcome. The levels of D-dimer and fibrinogen were determined by immunoturbidimetry and coagulation method, and the levels of CEA and CFYRA21-1 were determined by electro-chemiluminescence method. The non-normally distributed data were presented as median (lower quartile, upper quartile), and Spearman correlation analyses were performed. Results Among the early, middle and advanced stage patients, the levels of D-dimer [198.00 (133.00, 390.87), 279.00 (170.93, 520.89), 389.00 (196.25, 931.00) μg/L], CEA [3.20 (2.60, 5.17), 13.53 (5.07, 70.63), 15.69 (4.07, 123.46) μg/L], and CFYRA21-1 [4.79 (3.15, 8.84), 8.60 (4.83, 19.32), 7.19 (3.09, 15.05) μg/L] were significantly different (P<0.05); however, there was no statistical difference in the level of fibrinogen among the three stages (P>0.05). The level of CYFRA21-1 in the adenocarcinoma group was lower than that in the squamous cell carcinoma group [(5.39 (2.81, 12.71) vs. 6.86 (4.18, 12.29) μg/L, P<0.05], while there was no statistically significant difference in D-dimer, CEA, or fibrinogen between the two groups (P>0.05). The levels of D-dimer, CEA, and CFYRA21-1 in the death group [1176.00 (382.00, 2848.00), 135.34 (24.85, 403.50), 10.82 (7.41, 23.41) μg/L] were significantly higher than those in the survival group [270.00 (146.00, 481.50), 5.62 (3.05, 26.53), 6.28 (3.37, 12.30) μg/L], and the differences were statistically significant (P<0.01); but there was no statistical difference in the level of fibrinogen between the two groups (P>0.05). D-dimer was positively correlated with CEA and CFYRA21-1 (rs=0.450, 0.291; P<0.001), but fibrinogen was not correlated with CEA or CFYRA21-1 (P>0.05). Conclusion D-dimer was more valuable than fibrinogen in predicting the clinical stage and prognosis of NSCLC.
ObjectiveTo explore the application value of the combined detection of CA19-9, CA72-4, carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), serum pepsinogen Ⅰ(PGⅠ), serum pepsinogen Ⅱ(PGⅡ), ratio of PGⅠ and PGⅡ (PGR), and gastrin-17 (G17) in the diagnosis of gastric cancer.MethodsOne hundred cases of gastric cancer admitted to the Joint Logistic Support Force 940 Hospital of the People’s Liberation Army from January 2016 to August 2018 were respectively collected as the observation group, 110 cases of benign gastric lesions as the control group during the same period, the levels of serum CA19-9, CA72-4, CEA, PGⅠ, PGⅡ, PGR, and G17 were tested among patients in the two groups, the diagnostic value of single and combined detection (included CA19-9, CA72-4, CEA, PGⅠ, PGⅡ, PGR, and G17) were explored.ResultsThe levels of CA19-9, CA72-4, CEA, and G17 in the observation group were higher than those of the control group (P<0.05), the levels of PGⅠ and PGR were lower than those of the control group (P<0.05). The positive detection rates of CA19-9, CA72-4, CEA, G17, PGⅠ, PGR, and combined detection in the observation group were all higher than those of the control group (P<0.05). The sensitivity and accuracy of the combined detection in the diagnosis of gastric cancer were higher than that of single serum index (P<0.05). The levels of serum CA19-9, CA72-4, CEA, and G17 in the patients of Ⅲ+Ⅳ period, low and moderate degree of differentiation, the tumor diameter was larger than five centimeters, signet-ring cell carcinoma, and distance metastasis of gastric cancer patients were on the high side compared with Ⅰ+Ⅱ period, high differentiation, the tumor diameter was less than or equal to five centimeters, glandular cancer, and no distance metastasis of gastric cancer patients, as well as the levels of serum PGⅠ and PGR on the low side (P<0.05).ConclusionThe combined detection of CA19-9, CA72-4, CEA, PGⅠ, PGⅡ, PGR, and G17 can effectively improve the diagnose rate of gastric cancer, and they are closely related to the pathological characteristics of gastriccancer patients.
Objective To evaluate branched-chain DNA (b-DNA) signal amplification and semi-quantitative (Sq) RT-PCR in detection of free cancer cells in peritoneal flushing fluid of colorectal cancer patients during surgery. Methods The CEA mRNA in peritoneal flushing fluid in 48 cases of colorectal cancer were detected by b-DNA and SqRT-PCR. Peritoneal flushing fluid cytology (PLC) was conformed simultaneously to detect the free cancer cells. The peritoneal flushing fluid of 12 cases with colorectal benign disease were taken as negative control, GAPDH mRNA as internal control. Results In colorectal cancer patients, positive rate of free cancer cells by bDNA and SqRT-PCR （43.8%, 31.3%） was higher than that by PLC （4.2%）. The relative quantitative expressions of CEA mRNA were related to the Dukes staging， depth invasion and differentiation degree (Plt;0.05)， but irrelevant to tumor size，the patients’ age and gender (Pgt;0.05).Conclusion Both b-DNA and SqRT-PCR technologies have advantages and disadvantages to detect free cancer cells in peritoneal flushing fluid， which are related to clinicopathological factors.
