Esophageal cancer is one of the common malignant tumors with high incidence and poor prognosis. Angiogenesis-related pathways play an important role in the occurrence and development of esophageal cancer. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is the main mediator of angiogenesis. In addition to promoting angiogenesis and maintaining the survival of neovascularization, VEGF can also directly act on esophageal cancer cells and promote the occurrence and development of tumors. This article reviews the biology of VEGF and its effect on blood vessels, the expression of VEGF in esophageal cancer cells and its influencing factors, the role of VEGF in esophageal cancer cells, the immunomodulatory activity of VEGF and the clinical study of VEGF inhibitors. The purpose of this study is to provide a basis for more rational use of VEGF inhibitors in the treatment of esophageal cancer.
Using 70 SD white rats, diveded in two groups at random, after the common carotid artery wa(?) exposed, anastomosis of the artery was done by whole-layer suture and suture without including the endothelial layer, respectively. The rate of patency of both groups immediately after operation was 100 percent, where as in late stage, 94 percent and 97 percent, respectively. From the histologic exam ination, it was found that in the group of whole-layer suture, the time required to cover the sutureline with endothelium was delayed and there was rupture of the clastic fibers.
ObjectivesTo systematically review the perinatal outcomes after laparoscopic myomectomy versus transabdominal myomectomy.MethodsPubMed, Web of Science, Elsevier, The Cochrane Library, CNKI, VIP and WanFang Data databases were searched from inception to July 2017, to collect randomized controlled trials or cohort studies comparing the perinatal outcomes after laparoscopic myomectomy and transabdominal myomectomy. Two reviewers independently screened literature, extracted data and assessed the risk of bias of include studies. Meta-analysis was then performed by RevMan 5.3 software.ResultsEight randomized controlled trials, twenty-one cohort studies involving 4357 patients were included. The results of meta-analysis showed that: the premature birth rate (OR=0.60, 95%CI 0.38 to 0.95, P=0.03) in the laparoscopic myomectomy was lower than that in the laparotomy group. However, the rate of uterine rupture during pregnancy (OR=3.19, 95%CI 1.29 to 7.89, P=0.01) in the laparoscopic myomectomy was higher than that in the laparotomy group. There were no significant differences between two groups in the myoma residual (OR=1.00, 95%CI 0.37 to 2.65, P=0.99), recurrence (OR=0.92, 95%CI 0.68 to 1.25, P=0.60), abortion (OR=0.90, 95%CI 0.63 to 1.28, P=0.56), ectopic pregnancy (OR=1.11, 95%CI 0.54 to 2.26, P=0.78), pregnancy rate (OR=1.06, 95%CI 0.89 to 1.27, P=0.52), cesarean (OR=0.82, 95%CI 0.57 to 1.19, P=0.31), and pregnancy complications (OR=0.84, 95%CI 0.45 to 1.59, P=0.60).ConclusionsCurrent evidence shows that there are no significant differences between two groups in the myoma residual, myoma recurrence, abortion, ectopic pregnancy, pregnancy rate, cesarean and pregnancy complications. While the rate of uterine rupture during pregnancy in the laparoscopic myomectomy is higher than that in the laparotomy group, the premature birth rate after operation in the laparoscopic myomectomy is lower and shorter than that in the laparotomy group. Due to the limited quantity and quality of the included studies, more high quality studies are required to verify the above conclusion.
ObjectiveTo systematically evaluate the relationship between the-2548G/A polymorphism in the leptin gene and antipsychotic-induced weight gain (AIWG).
MethodsLiterature for the relationship between the-2548G/A polymorphism in the leptin gene and AIWG was retrieved in electronic databases including PubMed, EMbase, CNKI and WanFang Data from establishment dates to June, 2013. Two reviewers independently screened studies according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, extracted data and evaluated the methodological quality of the included studies. Then meta-analysis was performed using RevMan 5.2 software.
ResultsA total of 7 case-control studies were included, involving 404 AIWG cases and 508 controls (patients with no significant changes of weight after taking antipsychotic drugs). The results of meta-analysis showed that, regarding the total population, the-2548G/A polymorphism of the leptin gene was not associated with AIWG (OR=1.16, 95%CI 0.70 to 1.93, P=0.57). After stratification analysis, according to Chinese or non-Chinese origin, the results showed that significant association was found between the-2548G/A polymorphism of leptin gene and AIWG for Chinese (OR=2.15, 95%CI 1.41 to 3.26, P=0.000 4) but not for non-Chinese (OR=0.69, 95%CI 0.45 to 1.07, P=0.10).
ConclusionThe current evidence suggests that the-2548G/A polymorphism in the leptin gene is associated with increased risk of AIWG for Chinese. Due to limited quantity of the included studies, the aforementioned conclusion needs to be further validate by more high-quality and large-scale studies.
ObjectiveComparing the worldwide Essential Medicines Lists for Children (EMLcs) and National Essential Medicine List (NEML) of China (2012 edition), to provide evidence for establishing EMLc of China.
MethodWe searched the official websites of WHO and Ministry of Health of some countries to identify published EMLcs. We compared the situation of updating, the number and classification of medicines, and the dosage forms between these EMLcs and NEML of China (2012).
ResultBy August 2013, the WHO, India and South Africa had established EMLc. The number of medicines of NEML of China (2012) ranked first in the four lists. The WHO, India and China classified the medicines by pharmacologic action, while South Africa classified it by anatomical therapeutic chemical (ATC) classification. Except the WHO, India, South Africa and China did not have specific medicines for neonatal care or medicines for diseases of joints. The main administration routes in these four lists were oral administration, injection, and topical application. There were medicine restrictions in EMLcs of WHO and India, while no medicine restrictions in lists of South Africa and China.
ConclusionMedicines listed in NEML of China (2012) do not match children's disease burden of China. The applicable dosage forms for children are few and the medicine restrictions are absent for the list. So this list is not suitable for Children.
ObjectiveTo investigate the willingness and influencing factors of clinical medicine graduate students to study abroad.MethodsFrom September 2019 to January 2020, a survey was conducted among the clinical medicine graduate students in West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University. An anonymous self-report questionnaire was used to investigate their willingness to study abroad, and the related influencing factors were analyzed.ResultsA total of 600 questionnaires were distributed, in which 518 valid questionnaires were collected. Among the 518 graduate students, 96.14% anticipated to study abroad, and 93.05% expected to subsidize the study abroad through the state-sponsored study abroad fund. The major obstacle for studying abroad for joint training was concerning the negative effects on domestic clinical work or scientific research work, resulting in failure to graduate; meanwhile, difficulty in applying was the primary obstacle for studying abroad for a doctorate.ConclusionsThere is a strong willingness for clinical medicine graduate students to study abroad. However, it is affected by graduation time and application.
