【摘要】 目的 探討低位下頸椎前方入路聯合胸骨柄劈開術治療頸胸段脊柱結核的手術方式及術后療效。 方法 2002年3月-2009年7月收治頸胸段脊柱結核16例,男11例,女5例;年齡18~52歲,平均38歲。其中位于頸6-胸1者2例,頸7-胸1者5例,胸1-2者4例,胸2-3者3例,胸1-3者2例。神經功能Frankel分級為:B級4例,C級7例,D級3例,E級2例。手術行低位下頸椎前方入路聯合胸骨柄劈開術,術中徹底清除結核肉芽組織、膿液、死骨并進行脊髓減壓,取自體髂骨塊植骨重建中前柱、前方鈦板內固定。術后佩戴頭頸胸支具6個月,正規抗癆18個月。術前后凸Cobb角為25~60°,平均為37.5°。 結果 全部患者均獲得隨訪,隨訪時間2~8年,平均3年。均獲得骨性融合,融合時間為5~8個月,無螺釘松動、脫落及鋼板斷裂等并發癥發生。神經功能恢復按Frankel分級,平均改善3.6個級別;結核病變無復發,術后后凸Cobb角明顯改善,為15~35°,平均22.6°,末次隨訪后凸角無明顯丟失。1例術后出現暫時性聲音嘶啞,術后1個月恢復。 結論 低位下頸椎前方入路聯合胸骨柄劈開術治療頸胸段脊柱結核,病灶顯露充分,植骨內固定,重建脊柱穩定性,矯正后凸畸形可靠。【Abstract】 Objective To explore the clinical characteristics of cervico-thoracic junction spinal tuberculosis (CTJST) and to observe the therapeutic effect of lower anterior cervical approach combined with presternum-splitting approach on CTJST. Methods The clinical data of 16 patients with cervicothoracic junction spinal tuberculosis from Match 2002 to July 2008 were retrospectively analyzed. According to the Frankel grades, four patients were in grade B, seven were in grade C, three were in grade D, and two were in grade E. There were 11 males and five females with a average age of 38 years ranging from 18 to 52 years. All patients underwent radical excision of epidural granulation tissue/abscess and necrotic bone, whilst a proper tricortical iliac crest autograft and anterior titanium plate were placed to reconstruct the anteromedian spinal column, followed by chemotherapy for 18 months and immobilization in a brace for six months. The mean Cobb angle was 37.5° (ranged from 25° to 60°) before surgery. Results All patients were followed up for two to eight years (three years on average), and got complete bone fusion within five to eight months postoperatively. There were no pull out and breakage of screws or plates.Spinal cord functional recovery improved on average 3.6 degree according Frankel standard, without recurrence of the disease or loss of Cobb angle till the last follow up. There was a statistically significant improvement in the Cobb angles from 22.6° to 37.5° (Plt;0.01) in average. However, two patients appeared transient hoarse voice after surgery, and the symptoms were alleviated one month after the operation. Conclusion Lower anterior cervical approach combined with presternum-splitting approach for CTJST may provide adequate exposure to the lesion, keep the bone graft with internal fixation and spinal stability, and correct the kyphosis.
【摘要】 目的 探討經后路全脊截骨聯合椎弓根螺釘治療胸腰椎脊柱后凸畸形的手術評估和臨床療效。 方法 2004年4月-2010年6月采用后路脊椎截骨椎弓根螺釘內固定治療脊柱后凸畸形15例,其中男11例,女4例;年齡16~61歲,平均49歲。陳舊性胸腰椎骨折后凸10例,結核后凸3例,椎體發育不良2例;后凸頂點:胸9椎體1例,胸11椎體3例,胸12椎體4例,腰1椎體5例,腰2椎體2例。脊柱后凸Cobb角35~61°,平均46°。Frankel分級:E級2例,D級8例,C級4例,B級1例。 結果 術中出血800~1 800 mL,平均1 000 mL;術中1例左側胸神經根損傷;1例術后雙下肢肌力感覺減退。15例患者均獲隨訪,隨訪時間10~30個月,平均12個月。術后6個月Cobb角5~10°,平均矯正率86.5%。術后6~10個月X線片顯示截骨平面骨性愈合,術后神經功能恢復情況,除1例B級恢復至D級外,其余為E級。內固定物無松動、斷裂和糾正度數丟失等并發癥。 結論 經后路脊柱截骨聯合椎弓根螺釘內固定具有減壓、矯形同時進行,矯正度數大,并發癥少,臨床效果明顯。【Abstract】 Objective To explore the surgery assessment and clinical outcome of the treatment for thoracolumbar kyphosis by whole posterior spinal osteotomy combined with pedicle screw. Methods Fifteen patients including 11 males and 4 females with kyphosis were treated by posterior spinal osteotomy combined with pedicle screw from April 2004 to June 2010. The age of them ranged from 16 to 61 years old averaging at 49. There were 10 cases of old thoracolumbar fracture kyphosis, 3 cases of tuberculosis kyphosis, and 2 cases of poor vertebral growth. As for kyphosis vertices, there were 1 case of T9, 3 cases of T11, 4 cases of T12, 5 cases of L1, and 2 cases of L2. Kyphosis Cobb angle ranged from 35° to 61°, averaging at 46°. Based on Franke Grade, there were 2 grade E cases, 8 grade D cases, 4 grade C cases, and 1 grade B case. Results Intraoperative blood loss was from 800 to 1 800 mL with an average of 1 000 mL; There was 1 case of left thoracic nerve root injury during operation and 1 case of lower extremity muscle strength hypoesthesia after operation. All the 15 patients were followed up for 10 to 30 months with an average time of 12 months. Six months after surgery, Cobb angle ranged from 5° to 10°, with an average correction rate of 86.5%. Six to ten months after osteotomy, X ray showed a good bone healing condition. As for the recovery status of neurological function after surgery, All patients recovered to grade E except 1 patient who returned to grade D from grade B. No such complications as fixation without loosening, fracture or loss of correction degree occurred. Conclusion In posterior spinal osteotomy combined with pedicle screw fixation, decompression and correction can be carried out at the same time to correct a large degree of kyphosis with few complications. The clinical effect is obvious.