Objective To present a method for quantifying the anastomosis between two vessels based on angiograpy and provide a theoretical basis for vascular study in skin flap. Methods Ten bilateral skin flaps of 20 cm×20 cmbased on deep iliac circumflex vessels were elevated fromthe abdominal wall including musculus rectus abdominis and deep superior epigastric vessels in 5 minipigs which were 100-115 cm in length and 25-35 kg in weight. One side was inserted an expander under the panniculus carnosus and was expanded regularly with 30-40 ml isotonic Na chloride injection (expanded group) and the other was unexpanded group which were without any treatment. A X-ray image of the flap vessles was obtained after a gelatinlead oxide mixture was carotid arterially injected and 24 hours of cryopreservation of the body. Three parallel lines with equal interval perpendicular to long axis of the two vessels were designed at the communication area. Vessel anastomosis quantifying was determined by counting the number of marks derived from the intersections of the lines and the vessels and statistical analysis was carried out. Results The mark of intersectionin expanded group (81.20±10.33) was more than that in unexpanded group (22.40±5.41), showing significant difference(Plt;0.01). Conclusion The method for quantifying vessel anastomosis in skin flap is simple, reliable, and easytoperform. The principles of this procedure may also be applied to other experimental and clinical studies.
The ability of quickscan(QS)to assess haemodynamically significant lesions in the iliac and femoro-popliteal arteries was studied.Quickscan was prospectively and independently compared to intra-arterial digital subtraction angiography(IADSA)of the iliac and femoro-popliteal arteries.In 176 patients 757 arterial segments were evaluated.A QS frequency ratio of 1:3 or greater had a sensitivity of 88%,a specificity of 94% and accuracy of 92% in detecting stenosisgt;5O% diameter(67% area)reduction as shown on IADSA.In the detection of occlusion,QS had a sensitivity of 91%,specificity of 95% and accuracy of 94%.There was significant correlation between area reduction found by QS and the calf/brachial pressure index(CBI)(r=-0.77,Plt;0.01).Thirty-seven patients underwent an angioplasty based on QS finding alone.All 37 were successful.The authors conclude that quickscan can provide an inexpensive,quick and non-invasive screening technique for the routine initial assessment of peripheral vascular disease.The results indicate that an agreement with angiography which is as good as duplex scanning.It has potential to replace angiography for workup prior to surgical or catheter intervention,in the assessment of the success of the procedure and its continuing follow-up.
Objective To investigate the iconographic characteristics and clinical significances of synchronic examination of indocyanine green angiography (ICGA) and fundus fluorescein angiography (FFA) for high myopia.Methods Thirty patients (57 eyes) with high myopia（gt;-6.00D）, selected randomly and consecutively, were examined by ICGA and FFA synchronically.Results The result of early phase of FFA showed hypofluorescence of the background in 25 eyes，while of late phase showed subretinal neovascularization (SRNV) in 10 eyes and streak formation in 40 eyes. The result of ICGA showed choroidal retrobulbar arteries in 8 eyes, hypofluorescence of the background in 35 eyes, SRNV in 8 eyes, and streak formation in 52 eyes.Conclusion The iconographic characteristics of ICGA and FFA of high myopia include hypofluorescence of the background, SRNV and streak formation. ICGA can givemore exact information on the lesions of choroid in high myopia. The synchronic examination of ICGA and FFA may act as a guide to the therapy for high myopia.(Chin J Ocul Fundus Dis，2003，19：87-89)
Purpose
To analyse the maculopathy in 597 eyes of 317 cases with diabetic retinopathy,and to explore the classification and visual prognosis.
Methods
Using fluorescein angiography to examine the extend of capillary leakage and foveal avascular zone as well as the extent of the capillary closure in macular area.
Results
①Diabetic maculopathy was divided into 5 types,among 597 eyes,no leakage type 154 eyes (25.8%),focal edema type 188 eyes(31.5%),diffuse edema type (including cystoid edema)231 eyes(40.0%),ischemic type 12 eyes(2.0%) and proli ferative type was 4 eyes(0.7%).② There is close relationship between the classification and visual prognosis.such as when visual acuity was ge;0.5,no leakage type was 99.4%, focal edema type was 83.0%,diffuse edema type was 28.4%,ischemic type was 8.4%,and proliferative type was 0.5%.the visual acuity of cystoid edema was worse than diffuse edema only 20.3%.③The stage and visual prognosis:The higher the stage the worse the visual prognosis.if visual acuityge;0.5, 1 stage in 96.2% eyes,2 stage in 84.8%,3 stage in 53.2%,4 stage in 37.2%,5 stage in 12.5%.
Conclusion
Diabetic maculopathy is the main cause of visual impairment in diabetic retinopathy. Different type has different visual prognosis.macular edema and cystoid edema are the main factors to decrease visual acuity and could be treated by focal and grid laser photocoagulation to prevent visual loss.
(Chin J Ocul Fundus Dis,2000,16:144-146)
Objective
To discuss the clinical application value of CT angiography (CTA) in traumatic pelvic artery pseudoaneurysm and dissecting aneurysm.
Methods
A total of 8 patients including 7 with traumatic pelvic artery pseudoaneurysm and 1 with dissecting aneurysm diagnosed by CTA in Suining Central Hospital from August 2012 to January 2016 were enrolled in this study, in whom 6 patients with traumatic pseudoaneurysm treated with embolotherapy were confirmed by digital subtraction angiography. Image post-processing techniques of CTA including curve planar reformation, multiplanar reconstruction and volume rendering were used.
Results
In the seven patients diagnosed as solitary traumatic pelvic artery pseudoaneurysm by CTA, 3 had superior gluteal artery pseudoaneurysm, 2 had inferior gluteal artery pseudoaneurysm, and 2 had external iliac artery pseudoaneurysm. The 7 pseudoaneurysms were pouch-shaped with the short diameters ranged from 9 to 64 mm and the long diameters ranged from 11 to 78 mm. Six locations of artery laceration were displayed clearly, thereinto 1 case was combined with arteriovenous fistula. In addition, a vessel occlusion caused by the limitation of right external iliac artery dissecting aneurysm and the thrombosis in left side of the external iliac artery was found in 1 case.
Conclusions
As a non-invasive diagnostic technique, CTA can accurately diagnose traumatic pelvic artery pseudoaneurysm and dissecting aneurysm, clearly display the location relationship of pseudoaneurysm and its parent artery, and find whether arteriovenous fistula exists. Beyond that, the true and false lumen of dissecting aneurysm can be precisely identified by this technique. CTA can provide important image information for formulating individual treatment plan.
ObjectiveTo investigate the value and clinical significance of multi-slice spiral computed tomography angiography (MSCTA) in diagnosing true splenic artery aneurysm.
MethodsSeven patients with splenic artery aneurysm diagnosed by MSCTA between October 2010 and July 2014 were included in this study. Image post-processing technologies such as multi-planar reformation, curved planar reformation, maximum intensity projection and volume rendering technology were introduced.
ResultsAll the artery aneurysms were found through image post-processing technologies. There were 9 tumors in the 7 patients with splenic artery aneurysm, among which 1 was at the upper segment of pancreas, 2 at the segment of pancreas, 3 at the anterior segment of pancreas, and 1 (multiple) at the anterior segment of pancreas and anterior of hilus of spleen. The maximum volume of tumor was 60 mm×57 mm×54 mm. One tumor wall had calcification and other 6 cases only displayed tumor wall had varying degrees of "egg-shell" calcification, and mural thrombosis was detected in 3 cases.
ConclusionsMSCTA is a reliable method to display splenic artery aneurysm. The combination of multiple image post-processing technologies is more helpful in observing the features of tumor body and the internal and external conditions of tumor cavity, which has guiding significance for further clinical treatment.
Objective To investigate the imaging features of Budd-Chiari syndrome (BCS) on 64 slice spiral computed tomography (64SCT) and the diagnostic value of 64SCT for BCS. Methods Twenty-nine patients diagnosed as BCS by 64SCT were retrospectively included into this study and all the patients were researched by digital substraction angiography (DSA). Two abdominal radiologists analyzed the CT imaging features of BCS, paying attention to the vascular lesion, the morphology abnormality of the liver and the degree of portal hypertension, with review of DSA findings. Results ①The accuracy of 64SCT for BCS was 93.1% (27/29), and there were 2 false positive cases and no false negative case. The accuracy of 64SCT for those patients with thrombosis of inferior vena cava (IVC) and (or) hepatic vein (HV) was high as compared to those with stenosis of IVC and (or) HV. ②The morphology abnormality of the liver included hepatomegaly (24 cases), low attenuation (27 cases) and inhomogeneous pattern of parenchymal contrast enhancement (5 patients in arterial phase and 19 patients in portal vein phase). ③The images of all the patients showed the features of portal hypertension. Conclusion The accuracy of 64SCT for BCS is satisfactory and the false negative is seldom. The 64SCT could accurately display the morphology abnormality of the liver and the compensatory circulation in BCS patients. For those patients with stenosis of IVC and (or) HV, however, the diagnostic power of 64SCT is limited.
Objective To observe and analyze the configuration and distribution of vortex veins by indocyanine green angiography (ICGA) combining with widefield contact lens system. Methods A total of 28 patients (32 eyes), including 16 females (19 eyes) and 12 males (13 eyes) with the age of 28-84 (average 71), were examined by ICGA combing with widefield contact lens. The patients were divided into high myopia group (15 eyes with diopter ge;-6.0 D) and non high myopia group (17 eyes with diopter lt;-6.0 D or normal sight). Results A total of 166 vortex veins were detected, including 118 circinate veins (71.1%), 34 thick-stripe-like veins (20.5%), and 14 irregular vein (8.4%). There are 71 vortex veins in the right eyes with average 5.07 vortex veins in each eye; and 95 veins in the left eyes with average 5.28 vortex veins in each eye. The number of vortex veins at in the inferior temporal, inferior-nasal, over-temporal and over-nasal retina was 47, 42, 39, and 38, respectively, with average 1.34 vortex veins in each quadrant (the inferiortemporal was the most: average 1.53). A total of 160 vortex veins came out from the scleral around the equator area 46 disc diameter (DD) away from the optic disc (964%); the other 6 vortex veins came out at the point 3-4 DD away from the optic disc (3.6%). A total of 123 (74.1%) vortex veins had ampullae with different directions. Horizontal and vertical ampullae were most common. There was no difference in numbers and configuration of vortex veins beween the two groups. Conclusion The vortex veins has circinate, thick-stripe-like, and irregular configurations; the distribution of vortex veins in eyes with high myopia or non high myopia is almost accordant. ICGA combining with the wide-field contact lens examination can observe all of the vortex veins within a single visual field.
Objective To observe the digital subtraction angiography (DSA) characteristics of ophthalmic artery and its main branches in ischemic cerebrovascular disease (ICVD). Methods The internal carotid arteries, external carotid arteries and ophthalmic arteries of 32 ICVD patients were examined for DSA. The characteristics of ophthalmic artery origin, trail and main branches were observed. Results Among 64 carotid arteries of 32 patients, there was one carotid artery with internal occlusion, there was no severe stenosis in the other 63 carotid arteries. The 63 ophthalmic arteries originated all from supraclinoidal and ophthalmic segments of internal carotid arteries. 58 ophthalmic arteries were single branch from the internal carotid artery. 5 ophthalmic arteries had 2 branches, one come from the internal carotid artery, the other come from the middle meningeal artery (external carotid artery branch ) in 4 cases or from the anterior cerebral artery (carotid artery branch) in 1 case. The main branches of ophthalmic artery included central retinal artery, posterior ciliary artery, lacrimal gland artery, ocular muscular artery; anterior ethmoid artery, posterior ethmoid artery, supraorbital artery, dorsal nasal artery, supratrochlear artery and eyelid artery. The beginning point of each branches were variable. Conclusions Ophthalmic arteries of ICVD patients primary arise from the internal carotid artery. It most often appears as single branch and occasionally as double branches. The beginning points of major branches of ophthalmic artery are variable.
Objective
To evaluate the application value of scanning laser angiography with a wide-field contact lens system in the diagnosis of choroidal melanoma.
Methods
Twenty-four patients with choroidal melanoma were randomly divided into two groups, who underwent fundus fluorescein angiography and indocyanine green angiography scanning with the wide-field contact and non-contact lens system respectively in order to acquire the 150deg;wide-field and 30deg;view image data. The quality of the images was comprehensively evaluated.
Results
Satisfying images were acquired from all of the 24 patients. Widefield contact lens system indicated the accurate adjacent relation between the lesion position and the other dissection mechanisms, and also provided the general information about the size of the tumor and the perfusion of fluorescien or indocyanine green in the blood vessels. At the same time, it enlarged the view scope 3-5 times, which make for the screening of the peripheral lesions.
Conclusions
Scanning laser angiography with a wide-field contact lens system has important application value in the diagnosis of choroidal melanoma.
(Chin J Ocul Fundus Dis, 2006, 22: 166-169)
