Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a major microvascular complication of diabetes and the leading cause of blindness in the working-age population. Diabetic choroidopathy (DC) often precedes clinically detectable retinal changes and participates in the onset and progression of DR. Given the scarcity of specific therapies for DC, it is necessary to actively explore the impact of existing DR treatments on choroidal lesions. Studies indicate that panretinal photocoagulation, anti-vascular endothelial growth factor drugs, corticosteroids, hypoglycemic agents, traditional Chinese medicine therapies, and integrated Chinese-Western medicine can all affect choroidal thickness, blood perfusion, and microcirculation through different mechanisms; however, the effects of interventions such as pars plana vitrectomy and cataract surgery on the choroid are more complex. Future research should focus on establishing a multi-parameter evaluation system for the choroid, conducting multi-center large-scale studies to improve the level of evidence-based medicine, and deeply investigating the mechanisms of traditional Chinese medicine to promote the establishment of integrated Chinese-Western medicine diagnosis and treatment models, thereby providing earlier and more precise intervention strategies for patients with DR and DC, and ultimately reducing the risk of blindness.
Retinal vein occlusion (RVO) is a serious retinal vascular disease, often accompanied by systemic cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, the eye changes include macular edema, retinal ischemia, and even neovascularization, etc. As a common chronic disease of the fundus, it seriously affects patients' vision and quality of life. With the development of optical coherence tomography, the role of choroid in the occurrence and development of RVO has become a research hotspot. The research on the changes of the choroid layer of the eye with RVO has expanded from a simple two-dimensional thickness analysis to a more comprehensive multidimensional observation index such as three-dimensional volume, blood flow density and velocity. In addition, some cutting-edge research combines artificial intelligence algorithm techniques to improve the accuracy and depth of analysis. In the future, it is still necessary to further improve the data of the choroid layer of the eye with RVO, enhance the overall understanding of RVO, and provide new ideas for clinical prevention and treatment of RVO.
