ObjectiveTo evaluate the efficacy and reversible effect of anti-VCAM-1 ultrasound-targeted microbubbles on extracorporeal circulation (ECC) related bone marrow neutrophil releasing.
MethodsThirty-six male SD rats were randomly divided into 6 groups with 6 rats in each group, including an antibody group (group A), antibody with ultrasound group (group AU), targeted microbubble group (group T), targeted microbubble rupture group (group TU), post-ECC plasma simulation group (group MC) and control group (group C) after in situ perfusion model establishment. Rats in group C received buffer perfusion for 4 cycles, and rats in other groups received perfusion for 5 cycles. After buffer perfusion for the first cycle, post-ECC plasma was infused to each group from the second cycle to the fifth cycle in group MC, A, AU, T and TU. Rats in group A and AU received injection with anti-VCAM-1 antibodies, while rats in group T and TU were given anti-VCAM-1 targeted microbubbles after the second perfusion cycle. Same ultrasound radiation was given to group AU and TU in the third perfusion cycle. Neutrophil counts from perfusate were compared among the 6 groups.
ResultsUnder simulated inflammatory condition after ECC, compared with group MC, significant reduction of neutrophil count released from bone marrow was found in group A and T, especially in group T (P < 0.05). After ultrasonic radiation, neutrophil mobilization recovered in group TU and its neutrophil count was significantly higher than that of group T (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference in neutrophil count between group A and AU in each perfusion cycle (P > 0.05).
ConclusionsAnti-VCAM-1 targeted microbubbles can block the binding of VCAM-1 and its ligand, and form a barrier on the surface of bone marrow sinusoids endothelium to inhibit neutrophils migrating and releasing. The binding of VCAM-1 and its ligand on microbubbles is separated by cavitation of disrupting microbubbles with ultrasound, and neutrophils recover the ability to cross the sinusoidal endothelium of bone marrow in inflammatory conditions to achieve the controllability of neutrophil releasing.
Through collecting and synthesizing the paper concerning the method of dealing with heterogeneity in the meta analysis, to introduce the multi-levels statistical models, such as meta regression and baseline risk effect model based on random effects, and random effects model based on hierarchical bayes, and to introduce their application of controlling the meta analysis heterogeneity. The multi-levels statistical model will decompose the single random error in the traditional model to data structure hierarchical. Its fitting effect can not only make the meta-analysis result more robust and reasonable, but also guide clinical issues through the interpretation of association variable.
Objective To evaluate the effects of mass immunization campaign on the epidemiological characteristics of measles. Methods Comparison was made between the incidences of measles before and after the mass immunization campaign in 2007 in Shunqing prefecture of Nanchong city. Results The total number of the reported measles cases reached 460 during 2004 to 2007 in Shunqing prefecture of Nanchong city, and the respective annual rates of incidence were 4.04, 23.53, 11.84, and 33.57, respectively per 100 000 heads. Cases reported from April to July accounted to 73.91% of the total (340/460). Children under 15 were reported to have the highest incidence rate and accounted to 83.70% of the total (385/460), of which incidences of children under 1 accounted to 0%, 10.81%, 13.51% and 25.82%, respectively. Only 20.00% of the subjects (92/460) in this study had a definite history of measles vaccination. After the mass immunization campaign in September, 2007, only 10 cases were reported in 2008 and the incidence rate was 1.58 per 100 000 heads, a 95.29% decrease in incidence rate in comparison with that of the last year. Conclusion The mass immunization campaign has achieved substantial results.
ObjectiveTo review the risks and control of disease transmission in clinical transplantation of human allogenic bone.
MethodsThe related literature on diseases transmission, risks and control, and tissue banking technology in human allogenic bone application was extensively reviewed and analyzed.
ResultsThe tissue is not sterilized in transmission cases relative to human allogenic bone transplantation reported abroad. While no transmission case was reported domestically because of final sterilization and strict performance during preparation.
ConclusionStrict standard operation, virus inactivation, and final sterilization could effectively control the risks of diseases transmission in human allogenic bone transplantation.
Objective To assess the effectiveness of bariatric surgery for obese type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in Mainland China. Methods Such databases as the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (Issue 2, 2012), MEDLINE (1990 to February 2012), EMbase (1990 to February 2012), CBM (1990 to February 2012), CNKI (1990 to February 2012), WanFang Data (1999 to February 2012) and VIP (1996 to February 2012) were searched, and the references of the included literature were also retrieved. The studies were screened according to the predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria, the data were extracted, the quality was evaluated, and then the meta-analysis was performed using RevMan 5.2 software. Results A total of 6 controlled before-and-after studies involving 100 patients were included. The overall quality of all literature was as low as grade C. The results of meta-analysis showed that the following indexes after operation obviously decreased than before: 1-month postoperative fasting plasma glucose (MD= –2.27, 95%CI ?4.12 to ?0.42, P=0.02), 6-month postoperative fasting plasma glucose (MD= ?2.73, 95%CI ?2.91 to 2.56, Plt;0.000 01), and 6-month postoperative glycated hemoglobin (SMD= ?1.97, 95%CI ?2.98 to ?0.96, P=0.000 1), and the differences were statistically significant. The sensitivity analysis indicated the results of meta-analysis were credible and stable, but the funnel-plot analysis displayed publication bias might exist in the included studies. Conclusion Current studies show that bariatric surgery is effective for obese T2DM patients in mainland China. However, due to small sample size and low methodological quality of the included studies, its effect has to be proved by high quality, large sample, and long follow-up studies.
ObjectiveTo analyze the influencing factors for image quality of 18F-deoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography (PET)/CT systemic tumor imaging and explore the method of control in order to improve the PET/CT image quality.
MethodsRetrospective analysis of image data from March to June 2011 collected from 1 000 18F-FDG whole body tumor imaging patients was carried out. We separated standard films from non-standard films according to PET/CT image quality criteria. Related factors for non-standard films were analyzed to explore the entire process quality control.
ResultsThere were 158 cases of standard films (15.80%), and 842 of non-standard films (84.20%). Artifact was a major factor for non-standard films (93.00%, 783/842) followed by patients’ injection information recording error (2.49%, 21/842), the instrument factor (1.90%, 16/842), incomplete scanning (0.95%, 8/842), muscle and soft tissue uptake (0.83%, 7/842), radionuclide contamination (0.59%, 5/842), and drug injection (0.24%, 2/842). The waste film rate was 5.80% (58/1 000), and the redoing rate was 2.20% (22/1 000).
ConclusionComplex and diverse factors affect PET/CT image quality throughout the entire process, but most of them can be controlled if doctors, nurses and technicians coordinate and cooperate with each other. The rigorous routine quality control of equipment and maintenance, patients’ full preparation, appropriate position and scan field, proper parameter settings, and post-processing technology are important factors affecting the image quality.
Brain-computer interface (BCI) can establish a direct communications pathway between the human brain and the external devices, which is independent of peripheral nerves and muscles. Compared with invasive BCI, non-invasive BCI has the advantages of low cost, low risk, and ease of operation. In recent years, using non-invasive BCI technology to control devices has gradually evolved into a new type of human-computer interaction manner. Moreover, the control strategy for BCI is an essential component of this manner. First, this study introduced how the brain control techniques were developed and classified. Second, the basic characteristics of direct and shared control strategies were thoroughly explained. And then the benefits and drawbacks of these two strategies were compared and further analyzed. Finally, the development direction and application prospects for non-invasive brain control strategies were suggested.
Objective To determine the effects of controlled hypotension (CH) on cerebra1 blood flow, cerebra1metabolism, and cognitive functions. Methods Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were identified from MEDLINE (1966 to 2008), EMbase (1974 to 2008), The Cochrane Library (Issue 2, 2008), CBM (1978 to 2008), and CNKI (1994 to 2008). The quality of included trials was assessed by two reviewers independently. RevMan 4.2.7 software provided by The Cochrane Collaboration was used for statistical analysis. Results Nine RCTs involving a total of 295 patients were included. Most of the studies were of poor methodological quality. Meta-analysis was performed because the outcomes were the comparisons of the means of several repeated measures, and so a descriptive analysis was conducted. There were no significant differences in cerebral blood flow velocity, hypoxia-induced metabolites, and cognitive function between the CH group and the control group (Plt;0.05). But the S100B protein level in cerebrospinal fluid or blood was significantly higher in the CH group than that in the control group (Plt;0.02). Conclusion CH has no adverse effects on cerebra1 blood flow, cerebra1 metabolism, or cognitive functions. But isoflurane-induced hypotension may increase the release of S100B, indicating worse brain injury. The above conclusions were made from the limited evidence, and more rigorous RCTs are needed.
Objective To discuss the safety，feasibility，and advantages of two-port laparoscopic cholecystectomy （LC）．Methods The clinical data of 114 patients underwent LC from June 2008 to October 2010 were retrospectively analyzed，of which 46 underwent two-port LC （two-port LC group，n=46） and 68 underwent three-port LC （three-port LC group，n=68）. The operation time，intraoperative blood loss，postoperative feeding time，postoperative pain，postoperative hospital stay，and hospitalization expenses were compared between two groups. Results All the operations were successful，no postoperative complications occurred in both groups．The operation time in the two-port LC group was longer than that in the three-port LC group （P＜0.05）. The intraoperative blood loss，postoperative feeding time，postoperative pain，and postoperative hospital stay had no significant differences in two groups （P＞0.05）. The hospitalization expenses in the two-port group was less than that in the three-port group（P＜0.05）. Conclusions Two-port LC is a safe and feasible operation in the simple gallstone patients. It is cautious in those patients with acute cholecystitis because of the restricted vision and operation．
Objective To develop a new tissue engineering bone material which has an antiinfective function. Methods Collagen loaded bio-derived bone material was made by using type I collagen and allograft bone. WO-1was absorbed to collagen loaded bio-derived bone, then the morphological feature of the new bone material was observed by scanning electronic microscopy.3 H tetracycline was diluted by WO-1 solution, and was absorbed to collagen loaded bio-derived bone，then the releasing kinetics of WO-1 was detected by 3 Htetracycline in vitro. WO-1 bioderived bone material was grafted into a culturemedium with staphylococcus aureus, escherichia coli, and pseudomonas aeruginosato observe its bacteriostasis ability. WO-1 bio-derived bone material was grafted into radius of defected rabbits, the concentration of WO-1 was detected onthe 9th, 16th, 23th, and 30th day byHLPC in blood, in bone and in muscle. The bacteriostasis ability of WO-1 loaded bio-derived bone was tested in vitro and in vivo. Results WO-1 loaded bioderived bone maintained natural network pore system and the surface of network pore system was coated with collagen membrane. The release of WO-1 from WO-1 loaded bioderived bone showed bursting release on the 1st day, then showed stable release. WO-1 loaded bioderived bone showed lasting and stable bacteriostasis to common pathogens of orthopaedic infections. The high concentration of WO-1 was observed in bone tissue and in muscle tissue at differenttime points and the difference among groups had no significance（P＞0.05）, while the concentration of WO-1 in blood was very low（P＜0.05). Conclusion WO-1 loaded bioderived bone has good capability of drug controlled-release and bacteriostasis.
