ObjectiveTo review the application and research progress of mandibular distraction osteogenesis (MDO) in the treatment of craniofacial microsomia (CFM). MethodsRecent domestic and international literature on MDO for CFM was extensively reviewed, with systematic summarization of its indications, device development, key technical points of MDO, complication management, digital surgical applications, biological enhancement strategies, and controversies regarding early intervention. ResultsMDO stimulates new bone formation through the “tension-stress” principle, serving as an effective method to elongate the mandible in CFM patients and early improve airway and occlusal functions. Digital technology has enhanced its precision, while biological strategies show potential for optimizing osteogenesis. However, challenges such as postoperative relapse and the long-term efficacy of early intervention remain. Conclusion MDO is a core component of the sequential treatment for CFM. Future efforts should focus on intelligent technologies and high-quality clinical studies to optimize individualized treatment plans and improve long-term stability.
