Objective To evaluate whether the paper titled “Application of tumor type M2 pyruvate kinase in the diagnosis of lung cancer” met the standards set in the STARD statement. Methods Based on each of the 25 items of STAndards for the Reporting of Diagnostic accuracy studies (STARD statement), the paper titled “Application of tumor type M2 pyruvate kinase in the diagnosis of lung cancer” was checked and evaluated. Results In the paper titled “Application of tumor type M2 pyruvate kinase in the diagnosis of lung cancer”, the reporting of 1 item of the STARD statement was adequately standardized, 7 items were relatively standardized, 5 items were inadequately standardized, 2 items were not standardized, and the other 10 were not reported. Conclusion Generally speaking, the reporting of diagnostic accuracy studies has not been standardized adequately in China. The methodological quality and applicability of diagnostic accuracy studies should be improved.
ObjectivesTo systematically review the value of cross-linked carboxy-terminal telopeptide of type I collagen (ICTP) in the diagnosis of bone metastases of lung cancer.MethodsThe Cochrane Library, PubMed, EMbase, WanFang Data and CBM databases were electronically searched to collect studies on ICTP in the diagnosis of lung cancer bone metastases from inception to November 2017. Two reviewers independently screened literature, extracted data and assessed the risk of bias of included studies by QUADAS-2 standard. Meta-analysis was performed by using Meta-Disc 1.4 software.ResultsA total of 8 studies involving 781 patients were included. The results of meta-analysis showed that the pooled sensitivity, specificity, positive likelihood ratio, negative likelihood ratio, diagnosis odds ratio and area under the curve of summary receiver operating characteristics were 71% (95%CI 0.65 to 0.76), 80% (95%CI 0.76 to 0.84), 3.79 (95%CI 2.31 to 6.21), 0.35 (95%CI 0.25 to 0.49), 14.67 (95%CI 6.99 to 30.81) and 0.860 3, respectively.ConclusionsICTP cooperate with imaging tests may be accurate and practical in diagnosis of bone metastases of lung cancer. Due to the limited quality and quantity of included studies, the above results should be validated by more studies.
ObjectiveTo systematically review the diagnostic value of FDG-PET, Aβ-PET and tau-PET for Alzheimer ’s disease (AD).MethodsPubMed, EMbase, The Cochrane Library, CNKI, WanFang Data, VIP and CBM databases were electronically searched to collect diagnostic tests of FDG-PET, Aβ-PET and tau-PET for AD from January 2000 to February 2020. Two reviewers independently screened literature, extracted data and assessed the risk of bias of included studies; then, meta-analysis was performed by Meta-Disc 1.4 and Stata 14.0 software.ResultsA total of 31 studies involving 3 718 subjects were included. The results of meta-analysis showed that, using normal population as control, the sensitivity/specificity of FDG-PET and Aβ-PET in diagnosing AD were 0.853/0.734 and 0.824/0.771, respectively. Only 2 studies were included for tau-PET and meta-analysis was not performed.ConclusionsFDG-PET and Aβ-PET can provide good diagnostic accuracy for AD, and their diagnostic efficacy is similar. Due to limited quality and quantity of the included studies, more high quality studies are required to verify the above conclusions.
Objective To observe the Fourierdomain optical coherence tomography（FD-OCT）characteristic of idiopathic epiretinal membrane (ERM) and its correlation with the patients visual acuity. Methods The 116 eyes (112 patients) with idiopathic epiretinal membrane were included in this study. All the patients had undergone examination of visual acuity (LogMAR chart), ocular fundus (direct ophthalmoscope and fundus pre-set lens), and FD-OCT (Zeiss HD-OCT) with the speed of 27 000 A scan/s,area of 6.0 mmtimes;6.0 mm, and mode of 512times;128. The central fovea thickness (CFT), volume (V), average thickness (AT) were collected from the OCT readings, and the fovea thickness (FT) was measured manually. Data were analyzed using SPSS 16.0. Results The traction on retina caused by ERM can be divided into 3 types according to the OCT findings: no traction (9.48%), tangential traction (84.48%) and tangential traction with anteriorposterior traction (6.04%). A total of 97 eyes (83.62%) had retinal edema (diffuse or cystoid) and the edema located at the outer nuclear layer(ONL), outer plexiform layer(OPL)and inner nuclear layer (INL) . A total of 14 eyes (12.07%) had retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) schisis and 27 eyes (23.28%) had inner segment/outer segment junction (IS/OS) impairment. Statistic analysis revealed that BCVA was not related to the age, gender, types of traction, presence of IS/OS damage or RNFL schisis (Pgt;0.05), but was related with CFT(Plt;0.05). Conclusions Idiopathic ERM can exert different types of traction on the macular, and cause different types of retinal lesions. OCT is a useful tool to measure these lesions. CFT reading is closely related to patients' visual acuity.
ObjectiveTo systematically review the diagnostic value of Antibodies to hepatitis C virus (anti-HCV) in serum tested by Chemiluminescence Assay for patients with hepatitis C.
MethodsSuch databases as PubMed, EMbase, The Cochrane Library (Issue 1, 2014), CBM, CNKI, VIP, and WanFang Data were searched from the date of their establishment to March 1st, 2014, and the relevant journals were also manually searched to collect the studies which evaluated the diagnostic value of anti-HCV in serum tested by chemiluminescence assay for patients with hepatitis C. Literature screening according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, data extraction and methodological quality assessment were completed by two reviewers independently. Meta-analysis was then conducted using MetaDisc 1.4 software.
ResultsA total of 12 studies involving 1 252 patients were enrolled. The results of meta-analysis indicated that, the pooled sensitivity was 0.99 (95%CI 0.98 to 0.99, P=0.000 1), and the pooled specificity was 0.98 (95%CI 0.98 to 0.99, P=0.000 0). The positive likelihood ratio was 42.53 (95%CI 18.05 to 100.23, P=0.000 0) and the negative likelihood ratio was 0.02 (95%CI 0.01 to 0.03, P=0.026 2). The diagnostic odds ratio was 3 005.82 (95%CI 1 257.08 to 7 187.29, P=0.006), overall area under the curve (AUC) was 0.9 977 (SE=0.000 8), and Q* was 0.983 3 (SE=0.003 6).
ConclusionAnti-HCV in serum tested by chemiluminescence assay is sensitive, specific and stable, which is suitable for extensive application in clinics.
Objective To observe the effects of local macular foveal photoreceptor defects on visual acuity.Methods Thirty-one patients (31 eyes) with photoreceptor defect in macular fovea (case group) diagnosed by spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) and 30 patients (30 eyes) age- and diopter- matched normal subjects (control group) were enrolled in this study. There were 22 eyes with full photoreceptor defects and 9 eyes with outer segment defects in case group. All subjects were examined for best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), slit-lamp microscopy, direct ophthalmoscope and SD-OCT. Independent sample t-test was used to compare central foveal thickness (CFT) between case group and control group. Difference of logMAR BCVA, CFT, maximum width and height of photoreceptor defects, defected area and residual retinal thickness in macular between patients with full photoreceptor defects and outer segment defects were also compared.Results The CFT of case group and control group were (225.32plusmn;19.70),(240.02plusmn;10.70) mu;m, the difference was not statistically significant (t=-1.96, P＞0.05). In full photoreceptor defects and outer segment defects patients, the mean logMAR BCVA were 0.22plusmn;0.31, 0.32plusmn;0.43; the mean CFT were (224.09plusmn;20.57), (228.33plusmn;18.17) mu;m; the maximum width of photoreceptor defects were (131.32plusmn;108.18), (143.22plusmn;66.93) mu;m; the mean defected area were (0.022plusmn;0.054), (0.019plusmn;0.019) mm2; the mean maximum height of photoreceptor defects were (77.41plusmn;6.62), (44.89plusmn;4.26) mu;m; the mean residual retinal thickness were (87.00plusmn;20.31), (128.33plusmn;23.54) mu;m respectively. There was no statistical significance between full photoreceptor defects and outer segment defects patients in the mean logMAR BCVA, CFT, maximum width of photoreceptor defects and defected area (t=-0.76, -0.538, -0.305, 0.166; P＞0.05), but there were significant difference in mean maximum width of photoreceptor defects and residual retinal thickness (t=12.72, -4.91;P＜0.05). Conclusions The local photoreceptor defects in macular fovea can lead to decrease of visual acuity. The wider the photoreceptor defects, the worse the visual acuity.
ObjectiveTo compare the consistency and difference of non-mydriatic two-field 45° ultra-wide field Optos and Clarus500 fundus imaging in a large-scale diabetic retinopathy (DR) screening. MethodsA diagnostic methodology study. From November 2020 to August 2021, 526 eyes of 277 patients with type 2 diabetes who diagnosed in Department of Ophthalmology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital were included in the study. Among them, there were 175 males with 328 eyes and 102 females with 198 eyes; the age was 53±10 years old. The same experienced technician performed the non-mydriatic dual-field 45° fundus imaging and the non-mydriatic ultra-wide-angle imaging system Optos, Clarus500 single-field fundus imaging examination on the patient on the same day, and obtained the dual-field 45° fundus image and Optos, Clarus500 single-field fundus image. The Optos and Clarus500 single-field fundus images in the same area as the dual-field 45° fundus image were captured by Photoshop software, and the Optos and Clarus500 dual-field fundus images were obtained. Subsequently, two experienced ophthalmologists performed interpretation and DR grading of the 5 groups of images, respectively. Images with inconsistent grading results were interpreted by a third ophthalmologist and used as the final grading result. In order to avoid the mydriatic dual-field 45° imaging interpretation results as the standard, the consistency and detection rate difference of the two ultra-wide-angle imaging systems in the rapid DR screening results were evaluated. The weighted Kappa (κ) test was used to analyze the consistency of DR diagnosis between dual-field 45° fundus imaging and Optos and Clarus500 fundus imaging; χ2 test was used to compare the detection rates of DR between different imaging systems. ResultsCompared with the dual-field 45° fundus image, the Clarus500 single-field had a higher DR detection rate (χ2=24.965, P＜0.001), and the Optos dual-field fundus image had a lower DR detection rate (χ2=49.559, P＜0.001). Compared with the DR detection rate of dual-field 45° fundus image, Optos single-field fundus image, Clarus500 double-field fundus image had no significant difference (χ2=2.572, 0.649; P=0.109, 0.421). Compared with Optos, Clarus500 single-field and dual-field fundus images DR detection rate, the difference was statistically significant (χ2=43.214, 61.216; P＜0.001). Consistency assessment of DR grading results: dual-field 45° fundus images and Clarus500 dual-field fundus images (κ value=0.932, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.907-0.956) were highly consistent; dual-field 45° fundus images and Optos single-field fundus images [κ value=0.474, 95%CI 0.417-0.532], Optos dual-field fundus image (κ value=0.495, 95%CI 0.438-0.551), Optos dual-field fundus image (κ value=0.495, 95%CI 0.438-0.551) and Clarus500 dual-field fundus image (κ value=0.452, 95%CI 0.395-0.506) were moderately consistent; dual-field 45°fundus images and Clarus500 single-field fundus images (κ value=0.354, 95%CI 0.303-0.403) and Optos single-field fundus images and Clarus500 single-field fundus images (κ value=0.347, 95%CI 0.287-0.393) showed general agreement. ConclusionsCompared with Optos dual-field fundus image, dual-field 45°fundus image and Clarus500 dual-field fundus image have high consistency in the grading results of DR rapid screening. Compared with Optos single-field fundus image, the detection rate of the DR of Clarus500 single-field fundus image is higher.
Objective To assess the differences between a glucose meter and autoanalyzer at home and broad.Method MEDLINE, CNKI, FMJS, and CBM were searched electronically (1995 to May, 2008). The statistical analysisof included studies was performed according to the Cochrane systematic reviews method. Result Twenty four studies, including 11 English records and 19 Chinese records involving 4 963 specimens, were included in this study. Meta-analysis showed us the blood glucose values of Abbott, Roche, and Johnson abroad subgroups are higher than the laboratory method, and their WMD (95%CI) are 0.57 (0.34,0.80), 0.43 (0.04,0.81), 0.41 (0.11,0.71). The blood glucose values of the Abbot and Roche domestic subgroups are comparable to the laboratory method [WMD= 0.60, 95%CI (– 0.79, 1.99); WMD= – 0.13, 95%CI (– 0.56, 0.29)]. The blood glucose value of the Johnson domestic subgroup is lower than laboratory method [WMD= – 0.95, 95%CI (– 1.42, – 0.48)]. Conclusion The results of the abroad studies are relatively consistent, and the blood glucose values of all abroad subgroups are higher than laboratory method. The domestic studies are different because of other factors.
ObjectiveTo systematically review the diagnostic value of the ultrasonographic elastography in the differential diagnosis of axillary lymph nodes in breast cancer.MethodsWe electronically searched the databases including The Cochrane Library, PubMed, CNKI, WanFang Data, VIP, MedaLink and CBM for studies about diagnostic value of the ultrasonographic elastography in the differential diagnosis of axillary lymph nodes in breast cancer from inception to October 2016. Two reviewers independently screened literature, extracted data and assessed the risk of bias of the included studies. Then meta-analysis was performed using MetaDisc 1.4 software.ResultsA total of 9 studies involving 735 lymph nodes were included. The results of meta-analysis showed that, the pooled sensitivity, pooled specificity, pooled positive likelihood ratio, pooled negative likelihood ratio and DOR were 0.82 (95%CI 0.78 to 0.86), 0.76 (95%CI 0.72 to 0.81), 3.32 (95%CI 2.57 to 4.27), 0.25 (95%CI 0.20 to 0.31), and 14.77 (95%CI 10.20 to 21.38), respectively. The AUC of the SROC curve was 0.8741.ConclusionUltrasonographic elastography has high sensitivity and specificity in the differential diagnosis of axillary lymph nodes in breast cancer, which indicates that it can be used to diagnosis axillary lymph nodes in breast cancer.
