Objective To systematically review current status of Chinese DRIs, and compare the similarities and differences between Chinese and global DRIs, so as to provide references for regulating Chinese DRIs. Methods Such database as PubMed, ISI Web of knowledge, The Cochrane Library, CBM, WanFang Data, CNKI and VIP were electronically searched from inception to May 31st, 2013. The reviewers independently screened studies according to inclusion and exclusion criteria, extracted data. Then, descriptive analysis was performed for basic information of literature, formulation of different DRIs, and DRIs distribution by different ages. Results Initially, a total of 588 articles were retrieved, 42 of which were finally included, involving 14 guidelines, 12 systematic reviews (SRs), and 16 original studies. The results showed that, WHO guidelines and global systematic reviews focused on iron and fat-soluble vitamins (A and D); the original studies in China focused not only on iron and vitamin A but also on protein, calcium, zinc, and selenium. The included guidelines focused mainly on population aged 3-18 years old and pregnant women; and except for those two kinds of population, SRs also paid attention to adults aged more than 18 years. The original studies of Chinese DRIs were concerned about all kinds of population, mainly focused adults aged 18-45 years and school children aged 6-12 years. Among 16 included original studies, 4 were concerned about men and 2 about women. Conclusion Chinese DRIs need urgent updates and supplement. As the largest developing country, China has different disease burdens, consumption levels, dietary patterns, nutrients’ content, and security levels, compared with developed countries and other developing countries. To develop evidence-based Chinese DRIs that are suitable for native health and Chinese local conditions, we should drawing lessons from the currently available best DRIs standards, methods and evidence based on Chinese actual conditions, disease burden, and expert opinion.
Objective To study the effect and feasibility of gradual oral diethylnitrosamine (DENA) induced liver cirrhotic model in rats under avoirdupois monitoring. Methods Fifty Wistar rats (6 weeks old) were divided into 3 groups: normal control group （n=10）, traditional DENA induction group (receiving traditional oral DENA treatment, n=20）, gradual DENA induction group (receiving gradual oral DENA treatment under avoirdupois monitoring, n=20). The weight, mortality and liver cirrhosis formation were observed. Results After 4 weeks of inducing cirrhosis, the weight of traditional DENA induction group 〔(234.9±27.1) g〕 was significantly lower than that of normal control group 〔(264.8±33.7) g, P＜0.05〕. After 8 weeks of inducing cirrhosis, the weight of traditional DENA induction group 〔(251.5±34.3) g〕 was significantly lower than that of normal control group 〔(303.2±49.4) g， P＜0.01〕 and gradual DENA induction group 〔(277.5±27.6) g， P＜0.05〕. However, the difference between normal control group and gradual DENA induction group was not remarkable (P＞0.05). The mortality in traditional DENA induction group (35%) was significantly higher than that in normal control group (0) and gradual DENA induction group (0)， P＜0.05. But the rate of cirrhosis formation both in traditional DENA induction group and gradual DENA induction group was 100%. Conclusion Oral DENA induced cirrhotic model in rats is a simple, reproducible and reliable technique. Gradual oral technique, in which DENA is given under avoirdupois monitoring, can improve rat’s security and reduce mortality.
Objective To overview the systematic review (SR) of the effects of dietary pattern intervention during pregnancy on pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Methods The Cochrane Library, The Joanna Briggs Institute Library, Embase, PubMed, Web of Science, CINAHL, CBM, CNKI, WanFang Data, and VIP databases were electronically searched to collect SR and meta-analysis on the effects of different dietary patterns on maternal and infant outcomes of gestational diabetes mellitus from inception to October 1, 2024. Two reviewers independently screened literature, extracted data, and then AMSTAR 2 tool was used to assess the methodological quality of included studies. Meta-analysis was performed by using RevMan 5.3 software. Results A total of 15 relevant SR were included, the methodological quality of the included SR was generally low, with 3 SR at a low level and 12 SR at a very low level. Major dietary patterns included the low glycemic index (GI) diet, carbohydrate (CHO) restricted diet, energy restricted diet, dietary approaches to stop hypertension (DASH) diet, high-fiber diet, polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) rich diet, soy protein-enriched diet, low glycemic load (GL) diet, and mediterranean diet. A meta-analysis of primary outcome measures showed that the low GI diet, DASH diet and low GL load diet had a lower incidence of blood glucose levels and adverse pregnancy outcomes (including maternal weight gain, insulin use, cesarean section, macrosomia) compared with the control diets. Conclusion It was recommended that GDM pregnant women follow the low GI diet, DASH diet, or low GL diet to control blood glucose levels and improve pregnancy outcomes. There is currently insufficient evidence to support the effects of other dietary patterns on GDM.
ObjectiveTo summarize the current advancement of the relationship between dietary factors and colorectal cancer in recent years, looking for more reasonable prevention measures.
MethodsRelated literatures about the relationship between diet composition and the occurrence of colorectal cancer at home and abroad were collected to make a review.
ResultsAmong the environmental factors, dietary factors had a close relationship with colorectal cancer, and was easy to control. Nowadays, it was believed that high animal fat, excessive alcohol consumption, consumption of fried, barbecue, and pickles may be positively associated with the occurrence of colorectal cancer. However, high fiber, high vitamin, high folic acid, the amount of minerals and trace elements in diet were negatively correlated with the occurrence of colorectal cancer.
ConclusionsColorectal cancer occurs by environmental factors, genetic factors, and other factors. Diet model of people in different areas is not the same, the occurrence rate of colorectal cancer is also different, so it needs further study to explore its mechanism.
ObjectiveTo explore the relationship between the diet during pregnancy and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), and analyze the effect of GDM on weight gain, outcome and complication of mother and infant.
MethodsWe selected 128 GDM pregnant women and 267 non-GDM pregnant women who were investigated by semi-quantitative food frequency method during September 2009 to March 2011. Then, we collected relevant information and the data were analyzed by t-test and chi-square test.
ResultsThere were statistically significant differences between the two groups in total calorie, carbohydrate, fat and protein intakes per day (P<0.05). In general, the rates of insufficient weight gain and excessive weight gain during pregnancy in the GDM group were significantly higher than the non-GDM group (P<0.05), while proper weight gain rate was significantly lower (P<0.01). The risk of hydramnion, intrahepatic cholestasis and pregnancy-induced hypertension in the GDM group was significantly higher than the non-GDM group (P<0.05), while there was no significant difference between the two groups in premature delivery, cesarean section or premature membrane ruptures (P>0.05). Apgar scores were significantly different at minute 1 and 5 between the infants in the two groups (P<0.05). The incidence of fetal death, malformation, mild neonatal asphyxia and fetal macrosomia in the GDM group was significantly higher than the non-GDM group (P<0.05). No significant differences between the two groups in low birth weight infant, cord entanglement and fetal distress were detected (P>0.05).
ConclusionGDM can lead to high incidence of poor outcome and complication. It is vital to strengthen the examination and keep balanced dietary structure, in order to reduce the complication and improve the health of mother and child.
ObjectiveTo evaluate the dietary and nutritional status of elderly patients with chronic non-infectious diseases in community hospitals in order to make a reasonable dietary pattern for these patients.
MethodsA total of 179 elderly patients with chronic non-infectious diseases in a community hospital of Chengdu from January to September 2014 were collected, and we investigated them on their dietary status and basic personal information. The desirable dietary pattern (DDP) score was adopted to evaluate their dietary and nutritional status.
ResultsDDP score of the 179 patients with chronic non-infectious diseases in the community hospital was 91.47, and the dietary quality was relatively good. While the DDP scores of animal food and edible oil exceeded the maximum allowable value, DDP scores of the staple food, fish, eggs, vegetables and fruits were lower than the expected scores.
ConclusionIt is suggested that meat and other animal food intake be reduced and replaced by regular intakes of poultry, fish and shrimp, and the intake of staple food, eggs, vegetables, fruits be increased to ensure a balanced diet.
Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death in the world. The influence of diet on atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) should not be underestimated. In 2022, the American College for Preventive Cardiology (ASPC) issued guidelines, which emphasized the importance of changing dietary patterns for the prevention of ASCVD and its risk factors, recommended the best diet for ASCVD prevention, and discussed dietary recommendations for ASCVD prevention in special populations. This paper interprets this guideline, aiming to provide help for clinical practice.
Objective This study employs Mendelian randomization analysis to explore the causal relationship between dietary habits and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). MethodsWe obtained data from the MRC-IEU database on five dietary habits as instrumental variables for exposure "never eating dairy products" "never eating eggs or foods containing eggs" "never eating sugar or foods/drinks containing sugar" "never eating wheat products" and "I eat all of the above". Summary data related to SLE were retrieved from the MRC-IEU database for the discovery cohort (designated as MSLE) and from a Finnish database for the validation cohort (recorded as FSLE). Two-sample Mendelian randomization analyses were conducted using inverse variance weighting (IVW), MR-Egger, weighted median, Simple Mode, and Weighted Mode methods to investigate the causal relationship between dietary habits and SLE. The MR-Egger intercept test was performed to assess the presence of horizontal pleiotropy, while the leave-one-out method was employed to verify the stability of the results, with Cochran’s Q test and funnel plots used to evaluate heterogeneity. ResultsMendelian randomization analysis indicated that never eating wheat products increases the risk of developing SLE (IVW: P<0.05). In contrast, there was no significant causal relationship between the consumption of dairy products, eggs or foods containing eggs, or the consumption of all of the above with SLE (IVW: P>0.05). Additionally, there was no significant causal relationship between never sugar or foods/drinks containing sugar and MSLE (IVW: P=0.877), although a potential causal association with FSLE was suggested (IVW: P=0.016). The MR-Egger intercept test indicated no evidence of horizontal pleiotropy (P>0.05). ConclusionNever eating wheat products may be an independent risk factor for SLE. However, the causal relationship between never sugar or foods/drinks containing sugar and SLE remains indeterminate.
Objective To investigate the potential association between diethyltoluamide and the risk of vascular dementia (VaD), and to predict its core targets and molecular mechanisms using network toxicology and molecular docking. Methods The toxicological characteristics and potential targets of diethyltoluamide were predicted using toxicological databases. VaD-related targets were retrieved from disease databases. The STRING database was used to construct a protein-protein interaction network to screen core genes. Pathway enrichment analyses were conducted on the intersecting genes. Finally, the key protein was selected and its binding affinity with diethyltoluamide was verified through molecular docking technology. Results Network toxicology analysis identified 71 common targets of diethyltoluamide and VaD. Core targets included TNF, TP53, ACTB, HSP90AA1, and KRAS. These targets were enriched in cellular response to oxidative stress, inflammatory response, and apoptotic signaling pathway, as well as key signaling pathways including PI3K-Akt, mitogen-activated protein kinase. Molecular docking confirmed that diethyltoluamide exhibited strong binding affinity with these core targets. Conclusions Diethyltoluamide may participate in the pathological process of VaD by directly acting on multiple core targets such as TNF, TP53, and KRAS, thereby interfering with various pathways including neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, and cerebrovascular regulation.
