Aiming at the practical requirements of point-of-care testing, dynamic functional monitoring of athletes, precise diagnosis and treatment of sports injuries, and rapid anti-doping screening for competitive sports, microfluidic technology, with the prominent advantages of miniaturization, high throughput, low sample consumption and fast response, has become a critical interdisciplinary technical tool for advancing the scientization of competitive sports. This review systematically summarizes recent research progress and typical applications of microfluidic technology in key fields of competitive sports, including anti-doping detection, monitoring of athletes’ physiological and psychological status, management of sports injuries, development of intelligent sports equipment, and bionic research of exercise physiology. The technical characteristics and scenario adaptability of diverse microfluidic systems are further compared and analyzed. The development paths and application prospects of the integration between microfluidic technology and competitive sports are discussed. This review intends to provide theoretical basis and technical references for the scientific development of competitive sports in China.
