To investigate the change of the portal venous pressure (PVP), conjugated glycocholic acid (CGA) and pancreatic glucagon (PG) concentration in rats peripheral and portal venous blood in the course of experimental liver cirrhosis induced with carbon tetrachloride and to investigate the mentioned changes after portalazygous devascularization. The authors found that in the early stage of cirrhosis the PVP and the concentration of CGA and PG in peripheral venous blood were increased markedly, CGA in portal vein was decreased and PG in portal vein was increased in early stage of liver cirrhosis.With the extent of liver cirrhosis the indexes above changed more markedly. After portalazygous devascularization the concentration of CGA in peripheral vein in the cirrhotic rats was increased but PVP, the concentration of CGA in portal vein and PG in peripheral and portal vein did not change.There was no change in nornal rats. The results suggest that the variation in CGA in peripheral vein can accurately reflect the degree of damage to liver cells, thus making the diagnosis of liver cirrhosis earlier and judging the degree and prognosis of liver cirrhosis.The concentration of PG in portal venous and peripheral vein relate to PVP in liver cirrhosis.Portalazygous devascularization can maintain PVP and PG in portal vein and do not affect liver function of the control rats but it can damage liver cell in cirrhotic rats.
ObjectiveTo evaluate the level of arteriosclerosis in patients with hypertension defined by the American Heart Association (AHA) and classical diagnostic criteria. MethodsA total of 3 815 residents were enrolled in 10 communities in north Shanghai. According to the classic diagnostic criteria of hypertension (systolic blood pressure≥140 mmHg and/or diastolic blood pressure≥90 mmHg) and AHA diagnostic criteria (systolic blood pressure≥130 mmHg and/or diastolic blood pressure≥80 mmHg), the population was divided into normal blood pressure group, AHA diagnosis standard hypertension group, and classic methods of diagnosis of hypertension group. The differences in cervical-femoral pulse wave velocity (cf-PWV) and brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (ba-PWV) among the three groups were compared. SPSS 13.0 software was then used for data analysis.ResultsCompared with the patients who met the standard criteria, patients who met AHA criteria had lower mean ages (70.2±7.4 vs. 71.4±7.9 year, P<0.001), more history of hypertension (48.8% vs. 72.7%, P<0.001) and lower body mass index (24.1±3.5 vs. 24.7±3.9 kg/m2, P<0.001), low-density lipoprotein (3.07±0.92 vs. 3.15±0.97 mmol/L, P=0.033), cf-PWV (8.7±2.7 vs. 9.8±3.0 m/s, P<0.001) and ba-PWV (1 647.7±610.1 vs. 1 797.2±729.7 cm/s, P<0.001). ConclusionsThe degree of arteriosclerosis of patients who meet AHA standards is between that who meet the standard criteria and the normal population. For these patients, blood pressure should be actively controlled to delay the progression of arteriosclerosis.
ObjectiveTo explore the prevalence and risk factors of hypertension in Anyue County from June 2011 to June 2013.
MethodsUsing stratfied random cluster sampling method, 5 391 people over 15 years of age were selected from 3 residential areas and 3 natural villages to finish a questionnaire and blood pressure measurement.
ResultsThe total prevalence rate of hypertension in Anyue County was 18.77%. The prevalence rates of hypertension in urban areas and rural areas were 21.75% and 16.20%, and the difference was significant (χ2=27.120, P<0.001). In both urban and rural areas, the prevalence rate of hypertension increased with age (χ2=475.634, P<0.001; χ2=394.026, P<0.001). The percentages of awareness, treatment and control in Anyue County were 31.30%, 24.41%, and 9.09%. The percentages of awareness, treatment and control in urban areas were 40.15%, 33.70%, and 11.23% and were 20.68%, 13.65%, and 6.61% in rural areas. There were significant differences in the percentages of awareness, treatment and control between urban and rural areas (χ2=44.475, P<0.001; χ2=54.861, P<0.001; χ2=8.202, P=0.004). The logistic regression analysis showed that age (OR=1.061, P<0.001), diabetes (OR=1.550, P<0.001), hyperlipemia (OR=2.372, P<0.001) and smoking (OR=1.335, P<0.001) were the risk factors for hypertension; and it showed that high level of education was a protective factor for hypertension (OR=0.755, P<0.001).
ConclusionBecause of high prevalence and low percentages of awareness, treatment and control in Anyue County, the prevention and control situation of hypertension are grim. We should focus on the control of smoking, blood lipid and blood glucose.
ObjectiveTo observe and analyze the fundus of pregnancy-induced hypertension syndrome (PIHS) and optical coherence tomography (OCT) characteristics and its correlation with ocular symptoms and degree of the systemic disease.
MethodsA total of 132 PIHS patients (264 eyes) received the examinations of corrected visual acuity, slit lamp microscope, direct ophthalmoscope, OCT and fundus color photography after obtaining informed consent in the study. There were 10 cases of gestational hypertension, 29 cases of preeclampsia (mild), 82 cases of pre-eclampsia (severe) and 11 cases of eclampsia. 91 patients (180 eyes) felt blurred vision and visual fatigue. 102 patients were examined at an average gestational age of (37.00±2.14) weeks and 30 patients were examined at an average (10.00±8.22) days postpartum. The ocular fundus was divided into normal fundus and abnormal fundus; the abnormal fundus had 3 stages, including stageⅠ(retinal arterial spasm), stageⅡ(retinal arteriosclerosis) and stageⅢ(retinopathy). If the OCT results seems to be abnormal, these patients were further selected to observe the changes of neurosensory serous retinal detachment, retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) and junction of inner and outer segment of photoreceptor (IS/OS). Kappa test was used to analyze the consistency between fundus performance and OCT results, and that of ocular symptoms with fundus changes and OCT results. Rank correlation test was used to analyze the degree of PIHS and OCT examinations.
ResultsThere were 32 eyes with normal fundus (12.12%) and 232 eyes with abnormal fundus (87.88%). The 232 eyes with abnormal fundus were divided into three stages: stageⅠfor 16 eyes (6.90%), stageⅡfor 31 eyes (13.36%) and stageⅢfor 185 eyes (79.74%). 92 of 264 eyes (34.85%) had normal OCT findings, 172 eyes (65.15%) were abnormal, including 94 eyes with serous retinal neurosensory detachment (54.65%), 40 eyes with changes of RPE and IS/OS (23.26%) and 38 eyes with other manifestations (22.09%). Kappa test analysis showed highly consistency between OCT results and ocular symptoms (K=0.728, Po=0.591), and poor consistency between fundus abnormalities and ocular symptoms (K=-0.129, Po=0.879), and between fundus abnormalities and OCT results (K=0.174, Po=0.682). OCT results were positively correlated with the degree of PIHS (C=0.374, χ2=74.011; P=0.000).
Conclusions87.88% of PIHS eyes had various degrees of retinal hemorrhage, cotton wool spots, retinal bumps or detachment, optic disc edema and other retinal abnormalities. 65.15% of that showed OCT abnormal results such as neurosensory retinal detachment, cystoid edema, RPE changes etc. The consistency was poor between the OCT results and fundus abnormalities. OCT results are positively correlated with the degree of PIHS.
ObjectiveTo investigate the clinical efficacy and safety of carvedilol in the treatment of arrhythmia in patients with hypertension complicated with diabetes mellitus.
MethodsWe selected the patients with hypertension complicated with diabetes mellitus who were hospitalized in the Harrison International Peace Hospital Affiliated to Hebei Medical University for treatment from Oct. 2011 to Oct. 2013. The cases were divided into a trial group and a control group. The control group was given routine treatment (eg., hypoglycaemic drugs, angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors). On the basis of the same treatment of the control group, the trial group was given carvedilol. The efficacy and adverse reaction were observed, recorded and then analyzed between the two groups.
ResultsA total of 140 patients were included (70 cases in each group). With the loss of 10 cases in the control group, the data of 70 cases in the trial group and 60 cases in the control group were finally analyzed. The results showed that the trial group was superior to the control group in the total effectiveness (χ2=8.320, P=0.004) and the dynamic ECG improvement of premature ventricular contraction (χ2=5.333, P=0.014) with significant differences. Both groups were significantly improved in blood pressure and heart beats compared with the situation before treatment (Both P < 0.05), and the trial group was better than the control group with a significant difference. During the treatment, three cases in the trial group had mild gastrointestinal symptoms which spontaneously disappeared later.
ConclusionThe clinical effectiveness of carvedilol for arrhythmia in patients with hypertension complicated with diabetes mellitus is significant. It is safe and effective which is recommended in clinical application.
ObjectiveTo investigate the association between CYP11B2 gene polymorphism and left ventricular hypertrophy in Chinese hypertensive patients by the means of meta-analysis.
MethodsLiteratures about case control study on the association of CYP11B2 gene polymorphism and left ventricular hypertrophy were searched from January 1980 to December 2012.The electronic databases searched included China national knowledge internet,Chinese biological medicine disk,Vip fulltext database,Wanfang fulltext database and Pubmed.Odds ratio (OR) of CYP11B2 genotype distributions in left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) patients against NLVH patients were analyzed.RevMan 5.1 software was applied for investigating heterogeneity among individual studies and summarizing effects across studies by proper statistical methods.
ResultsSix case-control studies were selected finally.A total of 1 791 hypertensive patients were included.The pooled OR (95% CI) of CC vs.TT+TC genotype was 1.21(0.80,1.81)(Z=0.91,P=0.36),the pooled OR (95% CI) of (TC+CC) vs.TT genotype was 1.16(0.68,1.98)(Z=0.54,P=0.59),and the pooled OR (95% CI) of C vs.T allele was 1.09(0.78,1.54)(Z=0.51,P=0.61).
ConclusionThe genotype of CYP11B2 polymorphism is not associated with an increase risk of left ventricular hypertrophy in Chinese hypertensive patients.
Objective
To observe the serum homocysteine (Hcy) levels in retinal branch vein occlusion (BRVO) patients with with hypertension or non-hypertension.
Methods
A total of 120 patients (120 eyes) with BRVO were divided into hypertension group [72 eyes, blood pressure 140 - 175/90 - 105 mmHg (1 mmHg=0.133 kPa)] and non-hypertension group (48 eyes, blood pressure 100 - 139/70 - 88 mmHg). According to the sex and age, 78 patients with hypertensive non-retinal vascular diseases and 48 patients with non-hypertensive and non-retinal vascular diseases were collected by a way of same-size ratio as hypertension control group and non-hypertension control group, respectively. Fasting venous blood was collected from all patients in the morning and serum Hcy levels were measured by rate method. The total Hcy concentration over 15.0 μ mol/L was defined as high level Hcy. Fasting serum glucose and fasting serum lipid were also measured. Measurement data among groups were compared with t test.
Results
The serum Hcy levels were (26.82±28.0), (8.39±3.11), (21.37±4.24), (9.25±3.31) μmol/L in the hypertension group, hypertension control group, non-hypertension group and non-hypertension control group, respectively. The serum Hcy levels of patients in the hypertension group was significantly higher than that in the hypertension control group (t=3.324, P=0.004). The serum Hcy levels of patients in the non-hypertension group was significantly higher than that in the non-hypertension control group (t=2.216, P=0.049). The serum Hcy levels of patients in the hypertension group was significantly higher than that in the non-hypertension group, but the difference had not statistical significance (t=0.581, P=0.566). Among 120 patients, there were 68 patients (56.67%) with high level of Hcy (40 patients in the hypertension group and 28 patients in the non-hypertension group). Among the 40 patients with high levels of Hcy in the hypertension group, 36 patients were older than 50 years old (90.00%) and 4 patients were less or equal than 50 years old (10.00%). Among the 28 patients with high levels of Hcy in the non-hypertension group, 16 patients were older than 50 years old (57.14%); 12 patients were less or equal than 50 years old (42.86%), whose indexes of serum glucose and serum lipid were not abnormal. There was significant difference in age distribution of patients with high level of Hcy between the hypertension group and the non-hypertension group (χ2=9.882, P=0.002), but there was no significant difference in sex distribution (χ2=2.052, P=0.216).
Conclusions
The level of serum Hcy increased both in BRVO patients with hypertension and non-hypertension. The indexes of serum glucose and serum lipid were not abnormal in BRVO patients aged less or equal than 50 years old with non-hypertensive except for the increase of serum Hcy level.
Objective To evaluate whether to defer abdomen surgery in patients having poorly controlled or untreated hypertension before operation. MethodsThe perioperative clinical data of 531 patients with hypertension in our hospital from January 1997 to December 1998 was retrospectively analyzed. ResultsThe modility of perioperative hypertensive events was not significantly different, between controlled and uncontrolled patients with grade one and grade two（Pgt;0.05）. In grade three and systolic hypertension, certain complications in patients with poorly controlled hypertension were higher than in those with wellcontrolled hypertension（P＜0.05）. Conclusion The patients with grade one and grade two hypertension are not at increased operative risk. In patients with grade three and systolic hypertension, perioperative complications are increased and elective surgery should be postponed until their blood pressure is brought under 24/14.7 kPa （180/110 mm Hg） over 1 to 2 weeks.
Objective To investigate the comprehensive interventions of hypertension in urban community, and to provide evidence for the hypertension intervention of urban community. Methods A stratified random sampling method was used to enroll 136 patients with essential hypertension in Shuangnan community of Chengdu city, including 77 males and 59 females. Their average age was 59±3.9. The indexes of compliance index (CI) and control rates for blood pressure by using different kinds of antihypertensive drugs were observed after 3 months. With the same medications, the level and control rates for blood pressure were evaluated at baseline and after 3 months of participation in the program of therapeutic lifestyle changes (TLC). Results The group of combination of antihypertensive drugs (n=12) had the highest control rate (83.3%). The group of long-acting calcium antagonist (n=31) had high index of control rate (54.8%) and CI (91.4%). The group of short-acting agents (n=25) had the lowest index of control rate (8.0%) and CI (41.2%). The patients had greater reduction in the level for blood pressure after TLC with significant difference (Plt;0.05). Conclusion It is necessary to strengthen and standardize the measures of comprehensive interventions on community treatment of hypertension. The program of reasonable antihypertensive drugs based on TLC should be developed positively.
Objective
To explore the effect of antihypertensive therapy for hypertension patients from plateau area.
Method
A retrospective analysis of medical records for Tibetan patients with hypertension from October to December 2013 in Hospital of Chengdu Office of People’s Government of Tibetan Autonomous Region.
Results
The study recruited 165 patients. The rate of treatment, control, and compliance of hypertension patients were 86.7% (143/165), 23.8% (34/143), 43.4% (62/143), respectively. The main characteristics of hypertension treatment were higher proportions of single-drug therapy (81.1%, 116/143); among those the Tibetan drug (24.1%), calcium channel blockers (21.6%), diuretics (19.0%), and traditional compound preparation (18.1%) were most commonly used in the antihypertensive therapy.
Conclusions
The rate of treatment was high, but the rate of control and compliance were low in Tibetan patients with hypertension. It was necessary to carry out hypertension education to patients and strengthen the training of doctors at the plateau.
