ObjectiveTo summarize the epidemiology of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and the epidemiological and economic burdens of NAFLD, so as to provide a reference for hospital management decision-making. MethodThe domestic and foreign guidelines relevant to NAFLD and the literatures relevant to epidemiological investigation and disease burden researches were summarized and its research progress was reviewed. ResultsThe global prevalence of NAFLD was increasing over years. The incidence, mortality, and disability adjusted life years of liver cirrhosis and liver cancer caused by NAFLD had increased year by year. The patients relevant to NAFLD of inpatients and outpatients had increased obviously, and the overall medical expenses had also shown a rising trend. The possible reasons were health care awareness, new drug research, population aging, and excessive medical consumption. In addition, children and adolescents with NAFLD had a obviously increased risk of liver or extrahepatic diseases. ConclusionsBy understanding the epidemiological trend of NAFLD, it is a certain understanding of the disease burden of NAFLD and the related factors affecting the increase of its treatment cost. It is believed that it is necessary to further pay attention to and strengthen the genetic characteristics, pathogenesis, drug research and development, and early diagnosis of cirrhosis and liver cancer relevant to NAFLD in the future. At the same time, the NAFLD group of children and adolescents should not be ignored.
Objective To provide the anatomic evidences and the choice of tendon graft for anatomic reconstruction of posterolateral complex through the morphological and biomechanical study on posterolateral structures of the knee in normal adult cadavers. Methods Twenty-three fresh lower l imb specimens from voluntary donators and 9 lower l imbs soaked by Formal in were selected for anatomic study on the posterolateral complex of the knee. Six fresh specimens were appl ied to measure the maximum load, intensity of popl iteus tendon, lateral collateral l igament, and popl iteofibular l igament, which were key components of the posterolateral complex. Results Popl iteus musculotendinous junction was located at 7.02-11.52 mm beneath lateral tibial plateau and 8.22-13.94 mm medially to fibular styloid process. The distances from femoral insertion of popl iteus tendon to the lower border of femoral condyle and to posterior edge of femoral condyle were 10.52-14.38 mm and 14.24-26.18 mm, respectively. Popl iteofibular l igament originated from popl iteus musculotendinous junction and ended at fibular styloid process. Lateral collateral l igament was located at 10.54-16.48 mm inferior to fibular styloid process, and the distances from femoral insertion to the lower border of femoral condyle and to posterior edge of femoral condyle were 14.92-19.62 mm and 14.66-27.08 mm, respectively. The maximum load and intensity were 579.60-888.40 N and 20.50-43.70 MPa for popl iteus tendon, were 673.80-1 003.20 N and 24.30-56.40 MPa for lateral collateral l igament, and were 101.56-567.35 N and 8.94-36.16 MPa for popl iteofibular l igament, respectively. Conclusion During anatomical reconstruction of posterolateral complex, the bony tunnel of the key components should be located according to the insertion mentioned above. On the basis of this study, the maximum load and intensity of selectable grafts should exceed 833 N and 36 MPa.
With the implementation of the “Health China 2030” strategy, sports medicine has played an increasingly important role in clinical treatment, chronic disease management, and population health promotion. West China Hospital of Sichuan University has actively explored the development and optimization of its sports medicine discipline outpatient management system, establishing a comprehensive model that integrates diagnosis and treatment, functional rehabilitation, exercise-based health management, and extended care services. This article systematically summarizes the practical experiences of the sports medicine outpatient department, including subspecialty setting, exercise prescription services, outpatient assistant mechanisms, online expert teams, multi-campus coordination, and full-process health management. Emphasizing a function-oriented and patient-centered approach, the article also discusses the extended value of outpatient services in translational research, smart healthcare, and preventive health strategies. This model provides a replicable and scalable reference for the development of sports medicine outpatient clinics.
Based on peer-reviewed systematic reviews and randomized controlled trials published from January 1990 to April 2016 with regards to the management of osteoarthritis (OA) of the hip, the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons (AAOS) developed the clinical practice guideline for the treatment of hip OA. This guideline provided practice recommendations including risk factors for hip OA, oral drugs and intraarticular injectables, physical therapies, perioperative hemostatic drug, anesthetic types, approach exposures, etc. The evidence of guideline was graded according to it’s strength. This article interpreted this guideline so as to provide reference for Chinese medical staffs and guideline developers.
In recent years, due to the dramatic increase in the number of surgical operations, there has been a clinically significant increase in the demand for medical adhesives capable of cohesion in a moist environment that can overcome blood or tissue fluids in vivo. As the understanding of the mechanisms and key elements of natural adhesion to aquatic organisms continues to develop, a variety of medical adhesives have been developed by mimicking adhesion procedures or utilizing key functional groups. This article will review the classification, adhesion mechanism, use, research progress and development prospects of biomedical adhesives inspired by aquatic organisms octopus and mussels.
【摘要】 目的 探討心理干預對糖尿病患者血糖控制及情緒的影響。 方法 2001年3月-2009年7月將120例2型糖尿病患者隨機分成干預組和對照組，每組各60例。兩組均給予正規藥物治療，干預組同時予心理干預。8周后用焦慮自評量表（self-rating anxiety scale，SAS）、抑郁自評量表（self-rating depression scale，SDS）評定兩組患者情緒變化，同時測定空腹血糖、餐后2 h血糖。 結果 干預前后干預組空腹血糖及餐后2 h 血糖下降值多于對照組，差異有統計學意義（Plt;0.05）；通過干預，干預組患者SAS、SDS評分均有明顯改善，干預前后評分差異有統計學意義（Plt;0.05），對照組干預前后差異無統計學意義（Pgt;0.05）；患者血糖與SAS、SDS評分等因子呈現中等程度的相關性（|r|為0.4~0.6，Plt;0.05）。 結論 糖尿病患者血糖與SAS、SDS等情緒指標相關，心理干預能顯著改善血糖和患者情緒。【Abstract】 Objective To study the effect of psychological intervention on blood-glucose control and emotions of diabetic patients. Methods A total of 120 patients with type 2 diabetes treated between March 2001 and July 2009 were randomly divided into the intervention group and the control group with 60 patients in each. Medicine treatment was carried out for patients in both groups, and psychological intervention was applied only to the intervention group. Eight weeks later, self-rating anxiety scale (SAS) and self-rating depression scale (SDS) were used to evaluate emotion changes of the patients. Fasting blood glucose, post-meal blood glucose (P2hBG) examination were conducted at the same time. Results The result showed a significantly larger decrease of both fasting blood glucose and post-meal blood glucose in the intervention group than the control group (Plt;0.05). Through these methods, the SAS and SDS evaluation of patients in the intervention group improved significantly (Plt;0.05); However, the change of these two scores was not statistically significant in the control group (Pgt;0.05). There was a mid-level correlation between the blood sugar level of diabetic patients and SAS, SDS evaluation scores (0.4lt;|r|lt;0.6, Plt;0.05). Conclusion The blood sugar level of patients with diabetes is closely related to SAS and SDS scores, and psychological intervention can significantly improve the control of blood glucose and emotions of the patients.
ObjectiveTo review the current status and progress of sterilization and preservation for allograft in anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction.MethodsThe related literature about the sterilization and preservation of allografts in anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction was extensively reviewed and summarized.ResultsThere are many sterilization methods for allografts, the most commonly used method is γ-ray irradiation, but the optimal irradiation dose is still unclear. Electron beam irradiation is also available, but excessive dose is harmful to graft shaping. A combined sterilization method combining physics and chemistry methods is still being explored. Cryopreservation is the most commonly used method of preservation. In order to reduce the influence of crystals, the principle of " slow cooling and rapid rewarming” should be adhered to as far as possible.ConclusionThe processing methods of allograft can affect the effectiveness of anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. The clinical doctors should consider the sterilization and preservation methods in practice.
ObjectiveTo compare the effectiveness of open reduction of posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) avulsion fracture at tibial insertion of knee joint with absorbable screws fixation and absorbable screw combined with suture anchor fixation. Methods The clinical data of 26 patients with PCL avulsion fracture at tibial insertion who met the selection criteria between March 2015 and October 2021 were retrospectively analyzed. Among them, 14 patients were fixed with simple absorbable screw (group A), and 12 patients were fixed with absorbable screw combined with suture anchors (group B). All patients were confirmed by X-ray film, CT, or MRI preoperatively, and got positive results in preoperative posterior drawer tests. There was no significant difference in gender, age, side of affected limb, time from injury to operation, comorbidities, and preoperative Meyers & McKeever classification, Lysholm score, and International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) score between the two groups (P>0.05). The operation time and postoperative complications were recorded and compared between the two groups. At last follow-up, Lysholm score and IKDC score were used to evaluate the improvement of knee function. ResultsThere was no significant difference in operation time between the two groups (P>0.05). All incisions healed by first intention, and no complication such as vascular and nerve injury or venous thrombosis occurred. All 26 patients were followed up 9-89 months, with an average of 55.3 months. The follow-up time of group A and group B was (55.7±23.2) and (56.8±29.3) months, respectively, with no significant difference (t=?0.106, P=0.916). Radiographs showed bone healing in both groups at 3 months after operation, and no complication such as infection and traumatic arthritis occurred. At last follow-up, the posterior drawer test was negative in both groups, and the Lysholm score and IKDC score significantly improved when compared with the pre-operative values (P<0.05). However, there was no significant difference in the improvement value between the two groups (P>0.05). ConclusionFor PCL avulsion fracture at tibial insertion of the knee joint, the open reduction and absorbable screw combined with suture anchor fixation can achieve reliable fracture reduction and fixation, which is conducive to the early rehabilitation and functional exercise, and the postoperative functional recovery of the knee joint is satisfactory.
