Objective To investigate the expression of matrix metallo proteinase (MMP)-2 and MMP-9 in rats′optical nerves after extrusion wound. Methods We set up the model of rats with extrusion wound of the optical nerves, detected activity changes of MMP-2 and MMP-9 in the optical nerves by gelatin zymography, identified the attribute by Western blotting, and verified the expression of mRNA of MMP-2 and MMP-9 by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR ). Results MMP-2 existed in normal optial nerves and optical nerves with extrusion wound, while MMP-9 was only detected in the latter. The expression of MMP-9 was the highest 1 day after the extrusion wound, while that of MMP-2 was the highest 7 days after the extrusion wound. Conclusions MMP-2 and MMP-9 may participate in the pathological recovery process of optical nerves after extrusion wound. The glial cells in the optical nerves may be one of the sources of MMP-2 and MMP-9. (Chin J Ocul Fundus Dis，2003，19：269-332)
Objective To investigate the feasibil ity of alendronate (ALN) in treating osteoarthritis (OA) by observing the effects of ALN on interleukin 1β (IL-1β) induced chondrocytes of rat in vitro. Methods The chondrocytes of knee articular surface from 15 SD rats (1-month-old, female or male, weighing 100-150 g) were cultured. The chondrocytes were observed by inverted phase contrast microscope and identified by toluidine blue staining and HE staining. The third passage chondrocytes were divided into 3 groups: the chondrocytes were cultured with DMEM for 5 days in group A, with 10 ng/mL IL-1β for 2 days and with DMEM for 3 days in group B, and with 10 ng/mL IL-1β for 2 days and with 1 × 10-6 mol/L ALN for 3 days in group C. Immunocytochemistry and real-time PCR were performed to determine the expression levels of collagen type II (Col II), matrix metalloproteinase 13 (MMP-13), and β-catenin. Results Toluidine blue staining proved that the cultured cells were chondrocytes. The integrated absorbency (IA) value of Col II in group C (10.290 7 ± 0.499 2) was lower than that in group A (15.377 0 ± 0.571 8) and higher than that in group B (5.463 2 ± 0.450 4), showing significant differences (P lt; 0.05). The IA value of MMP-13 in group C (3.068 6 ± 0.205 6) was significantly lower than that in group B (6.998 1 ± 0.329 7, P lt; 0.05), but there was no significant differenc when compared with group A (2.777 5 ± 0.199 6, P gt; 0.05). The IA value of β-catenin in group C (6.611 7 ± 0.381 8) was lower than that in group B (11.799 9 ± 0.348 7) and higher than that in group A (4.390 3 ± 0.551 9), showing significant differences (P lt; 0.05). The mRNA expression of Col II in group C was significantly higher than those in groups A and B (P lt; 0.05), the mRNA expression of MMP-13 in group C was significantly lower than that in group B (P lt; 0.05) but there was no significant difference when compared with group A (P gt; 0.05). The mRNA expression of β-catenin in group C was significantly lower than that in group B (P lt; 0.05) and higher than that in group A (P lt; 0.05). Conclusion ALN can protect rat chondrocyte from OA induced by IL-1β in vitro possibly by upregulating Col II and inhibiting the expression of MMP-13 and β-catenin in the chondrocytes.
ObjectiveTo summarize the biological function of extracellular matrix metalloproteinase inducer (EMMPRIN) in tumor progression, and its roles in clinical diagnosis and treatment in recent years.
MethodsLiteratures about the recent studies on molecular structure of EMMPRIN and biological function in tumor progression were reviewed according to the results searched from PubMed database.
ResultsEMMPRIN play important roles in the tumor progression, involved in inducing the degradation of extracellula matrix, promoting angiogenesis, inhibiting apoptosis, enhancing chemoresistance and so on.
ConclusionEMMPRIN could be a potential therapeutic target in turmor.
ObjectiveTo explore the inhibition action of valproic acid to inflammatory cells and smooth muscle cells then to find out that valproic acid (VPA) can repress rat thoracic aortic aneurysm or not.
MethodsThe model of rat thoracic aortic aneurysm was built through the method of soaking the adventitia of artery using porcine pancreatic elastase (PPE). The rats were divided into three groups:a normal saline blank control group (a C group), an adventitia soaked PPE group (a P group), and adventitia soaked PPE plus intraperitoneal injection by injecting intraperitioneal VPA 200 mg/kg for seven days (a PV group).The animals of the three groups were all using vascular ultrasound to detect blood vessel diameter. Animals were killed after operation to observe the general morphology of vascular aneuysm and do the immunohistochemial, morphological, protein analysis of interleukin 1 (IL-1), interleukin 6 (IL-6), smooth muscle 22 alpha (SM22α), matrix metallopeptidase 2 (MMP-2), MMP-9 and Western blot by drawing animals on the 14th day.
ResultsThe vessels diameter in the PV group was narrower than that in the P group (P value<0.05). HE staining, immunohistochemistry and Western blot displayed that the cells in the P group were in disorder arrangement and interstitial disorder while the cells in the PV group maintained better albumin layer. The protein expressions of IL-1, IL-6, MMP-2, and MMP-9 in the PV group decreased except that SM22α increased.
ConclusionVPA can inhibit phenothpic transforming of aneurysm inflammatory cells and smooth muscle cells, reduce the levels of cell proliferation, decrease the secretion of matrix metalloproteinases, and depress tumor growth of rat thoracic aorta.
Objective To examine the effects of newly designed LY52 on the expression of matrix metalloproteinases and invasive ability of hepatocellular carcinoma HepG2 cells. Methods The effects of LY52 on the proliferations of HepG2 cells were detected by MTT assay. Gelatin zymography and Western blot were used to detect the effects of LY52 on matrix metalloproteinase-2 expression in the cell line. Transwell chamber assay was used to detect the effects of LY52 on the invasion of the cells. Results No obvious inhibitory or cytotoxicity effects of LY52 was found in lower concentrations (lt;200 μg/ml) of LY52. Gelatin zymography and Western blot showed that matrix metalloproteinase-2 expression were inhibited by LY52 in a dose-dependent manner in HepG2 cells. Furthermore, transwell chamber assay showed that LY52 could significantly inhibit the invasion of the cell line in a dose-dependent manner.Conclusion The results suggest that LY52 may inhibit the invasion of hepatocellular carcinoma cells by suppressing the matrix metalloproteinase-2 activity.
Objective To study the expressions and clinical significance of matrix metalloproteinases-2 (MMP-2) and vascular endothelial growth factor-C (VEGF-C) in patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC). Methods SP immunohistochemical technique was used to detect the expressions of MMP-2 and VEGF-C in 78 cases of PTC and 18 cases of thyroid benign tumors.Results The positive expression rates of MMP-2 and VEGF-C in PTC （80.77%, 75.64%） were significantly higher than those of the thyroid benign tumor （11.11%, 22.22%）, P＜0.05. The expressions of MMP-2 and VEGF-C were correlated to the degree of infiltration and lymph node metastasis in PTC: In those which infiltrated to or over the thyroid capsular, or had clinical neck lymph node metastasis, the positive expression rates were significantly higher than those in the other cases which had confined invasion of thyroid capsular or non-clinical metastasis of neck lymph node (P＜0.05). And during the follow-up of 41 patients who didn’t have clinical neck lymph node metastasis before operation, the positive expression rates of those who had clinical neck lymph node metastasis were significantly higher than those in the other patients who didn’t have neck lymph node metastasis (P＜0.05). There was significantly positive correlation between the expressions of MMP-2 and VEGF-C in PTC （Gamma=0.846， P＜0.05）. Conclusions MMP-2 and VEGF-C may be used to distinguish malignant and benign thyroid tumor; The expressions of MMP-2 and VEGF-C are correlated with the degree of infiltration and neck lymph node metastasis in PTC; Combined detection of MMP-2 and VEGF-C will be more accurate to predict condition of lymph node metastasis.
Objective To explore the expressions of E-cadherin， matrix metalloproteinases-2 （MMP-2） protein，and matrix metalloproteinases-9 （MMP-9） protein in gastric cancer tissues， and to analyze the possible statistical relati-onship between the expressions of E-cadherin， MMP-2 protein， and MMP-9 protein， and clinicopathological features ofgastric cancer. Methods The ABC immunohistochemical staining was adopted to examine the expressions of E-cadherin，MMP-2 protein， and MMP-9 protein in 40 paraffin slices of gastric cancer （gastric cancer group）， with the adjacent tissue as the control group （adjacent tissue group）. The positive rates of 3 kinds of protein were compared between the2 groups， in addition， the statistical relationship between the expressions of the 3 kinds of protein and clinicopathological features of gastric cancer was examined respectively by SPSS 19.0 software. Results The expressions of E-cadherin， MMP-2 protein， and MMP-9 protein were all found in gastric cancer tissues and adjacent tissues. In gastric cancer tissue group， the expression of E-cadherin downregulated while the expressions of MMP-2 protein and MMP-9 protein upregulated in comparison to adjacent tissue group （P＜0.05）. The significant association was found between the expre-ssion of E-cadherin and the gastric cancer tissues of T3＋T4 stage， N1-N3 stage， and Ⅲ＋Ⅳ stage， which had lower positive expression rate （P＜0.05）. The expression of MMP-2 protein in gastric cancer tissues of M1 stage and Ⅲ＋Ⅳstage upregulated （P＜0.05）， and the expression of MMP-9 protein upregulated in gastric cancer tissues of T3＋T4 stage，Ⅲ＋Ⅳ stage， or lowlydifferentiated＋undifferentiated （P＜0.05）. No significant relationship was found in other clinical-pathological features and 3 kinds of protein except aforementioned significant relationship （P＞0.05）. Conclusions In the development progress of gastric cancer， the E-cadherin may get involved in the mechanism of tumor invasion and lymph node metastasis， MMP-2 protein may get involved in the mechanism of distant metastasis， and MMP-9 protein may get involved in the mechanism of differentiation and tumor invasion. The examination of those 3 kinds of markers may play an role in the judgment of tumor stage and estimation of prognosis in gastric cancer clinically.
Objective To investigate pathogenesis and therapeutic prospect of abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA). Methods Relevant literatures about pathogenesis and ways of treatment for AAA in recent years were reviewed. Results The formation of AAA are associated with heredity, anatomy, environment and biochemistry and other factors. All factors influence and interact with each other. The metabolic disequilibrium of aortic intermediate extracellular matrix plays an important role in the pathogenesis of AAA. The main reasons for the formation of AAA may be the increase of activity of matrix metalloproteinases and the disequilibrium of genetic expressions of elastin and collagen. The therapy of AAA includes surgical and medical treatment. The methods of medical treatment are still in the process of exploration and research. Conclusion The formation of AAA is a synergistical result of multiple factors, and medical treatment is an important supplement of surgical treatment.
Objective To study the expressions of phosphatese and tensin homolog deletedin chromosom ten （PTEN）, Fas/FasL system and matrix metalloproteinnases-2 （MMP-2） in human gastric cancer. Methods Seventy-five cases of gastric carcinoma were selected from paraffin wax embodied specimens with full clinicopathological data, and another 15 cases of normal gastric mucosa specimens were selected as the control group. SP immunohistochemistry was used to measure the expressions of PTEN， Fas/FasL and MMP-2 in them. The data was statistically analyzed by χ2 test and relative analysis. Results The expressions of PTEN, Fas/FasL and MMP-2 were correlated with the lymphatic metastasis, degree of infiltration, clinical TMN stage and pathological histological differentiated degree of gastric cancer (Plt;0.05). PTEN was positive correlated with Fas/FasL (r=0.401, Plt;0.001). MMP-2 was negative correlated with Fas/FasL (r=－0.720， Plt;0.001). MMP-2 was negative correlated with PTEN (r=－0.336， Plt;0.001). Conclusion There is guidance meaning in testing the expressions of PTEN, Fas/FasL and MMP-2 in gastric cancer to estimate the prevention, diagnoses, therapy and prognosis of gastric cancer.
Objective
To detect the variation rule of different cellular components, extracellular matrix, matrix-metalloproteinases (MMPs), and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases（TIMPs）in proliferative membranes in proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR) with different courses of disease, and to investigate the remodeling mechanism of PVR.
Methods
Sixteen surgically excised specimens of proliferative membranes from patients with rhegmatogenous retinal detachment combined with PVR with the course of disease of 2 months to 8 years were selected. The different cellular component of retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells and glial cells, component of extracellular matrix including fibronectin, laminin，and collagen types Ⅰ to Ⅳ, and matrix metalloproteinases (MMP2, MMP9) and TIMP1 in proliferative membrane were labeled by immunohistochemical method. The variati on of those labeled components in proliferative membrane in PVR duration and the correlation between these components and the course of PVR were analyzed.
Results
As the duration of PVR increased,the expression of RPE cells, fibronectin and MMP2 decreased (Plt;0.05）,while glial cells,collagen type Ⅰ and Ⅲ increased (Plt;0.05）.The positive staining of laminin and collagen type Ⅱ and Ⅳ were found, but the association with PVR duration was not detected. A negative correlation between PVR duration and RPE cells, MMP2, and fibronectin respectively and a positive correlation between PVR duration and glial cells, collagen Ⅰand Ⅲ respectively were detected. MMP2 positively related with variation of fibronect in. Positive staining of MMP9 and TIMP1 was recorded but did not change with the variation of the disease course.
Conclusion
During the formation and development of proliferative membrane in PVR, RPE cells, glial cells, fibronectin, collagen type Ⅰand Ⅲ and MMP2 take part in the remodeling of proliferative membrane.
(Chin J Ocul Fungdus Dis, 2006, 22:308-312)
