【摘要】 目的 探討用視頻腦電圖和MRI診斷藥物難治性癲癇的臨床價值。 方法 收集2006年12月-2010年5月間經手術和病理證實的藥物難治性癲癇患者38例。其中，海馬硬化25例，顳葉萎縮伴腦發育不良2例，腦灰質移位及巨腦回4例，血管畸形3例，膠質瘤2例，腦內囊腫1例，外傷性癲癇1例。用視頻腦電圖監測癲癇發作期及發作間期癇樣放電的來源部位及腦電活動特點，用MRI掃描顯示癇灶區的表現特征，并與手術、病理改變對照，進行回顧性分析。 結果 視頻腦電圖對癲癇發作期的致癇灶來源定位準確率為100%（38/38），發作間期定位準確率為53%（20/38）。MRI對發作間期的致癇灶及相關病變定位診斷準確率為89%（34/38），病變定性準確率為79%（30/38）。 結論 視頻腦電圖和MRI檢查有機結合，對藥物難治性癲癇，能更有效檢出致癇灶的部位及性質，為藥物難治性癲癇患者的手術治療，提供重要信息。【Abstract】 Objective To study the clinical diagnosis value of video-electroencephalography (EEG) and MRI on pharmacal intractable epilepsy. Methods From December 2006 to May 2010, 38 cases of pharmacal intractable epilepsy were confirmed through operation and pathologic examination. Among them, there were 25 cases of hippocampal sclerosis, 2 cases of temporal lobe atrophy combined with brain dysplasia, 4 cases of heterotopic gray matter and macrogyria, 3 cases of vascular malformation, 2 cases of glioma, 1 case of cyst in brain, and 1 case of traumatic epilepsy. Video-EEG was applied to monitor the source of epileptoid discharge and the features of brain electrical activity during and between the occurrences of epilepsy. MRI was used to detect the manifestation characteristics of the epilepsy focus, and retrospective analysis was done to compare these findings with operational and pathological results. Results The accuracy rate of Video-EEG in locating the epilepsy focus was 100% (38/38) during the occurrence of epilepsy, and 53% (20/38) between the occurrences of epilepsy. The accuracy rate of MRI in diagnosing the epilepsy focus and relevant abnormalities during the occurrence of epilepsy was 89% (34/38), and 79% (30/38) in characterizing the abnormalities. Conclusion Video-EEG combined with MRI examination is effective in locating and characterizing the epilepsy focus, which can provide more useful information for the surgery in treating pharmacal intractable epilepsy.
ObjectiveTo compare the effectiveness of anterior subcutaneous pelvic internal fixator (INFIX) and plate internal fixation in treatment of unstable anterior pelvic ring fractures.MethodsThe clinical data of 48 patients with unstable anterior pelvic ring fractures who met the selection criteria between June 2014 and December 2019 were retrospectively analyzed. Among them, 21 cases were treated with INFIX (INFIX group), and 27 cases were treated with plate (plate group). There was no significant difference in gender, age, body mass index, cause of injury, time from injury to operation, Injury Severity Score (ISS), and fracture type between the two groups (P>0.05). The operation time, intraoperative blood loss, fracture healing time, partial weight-bearing time, and complete weight-bearing time were recorded and compared between the two groups. Matta standard was used to evaluate the quality of fracture reduction, and Majeed score system was used to evaluate the functional recovery of pelvic fracture after operation.ResultsThe patients in both groups were followed up for an average of 12.5 months (range, 6-16 months). The operation time and intraoperative blood loss in INFIX group were significantly lower than those in plate group (t=?11.965, P=0.000; t=?20.105, P=0.000). There was no significant difference in the quality of fracture reduction, fracture healing time, partial weight-bearing time, and complete weight-bearing time between the two groups (P>0.05). At 14 weeks after operation, there was no significant difference in the scores of pain, working, standing and walking, and total scores between INFIX group and plate group (P>0.05), but there were significant differences in sitting and sexual intercourse scores (t=?4.250, P=0.003; t=?6.135, P=0.006). The incidences of lateral femoral cutaneous nerve injury, femoral nerve injury, and heterotopic ossification were significantly higher in INFIX group than in plate group (P<0.05), while the incidence of incision infection was lower in INFIX group than in plate group (P<0.05).ConclusionCompared with the plate internal fixation, the INFIX internal fixation can obtain the similar effectiveness for the unstable anterior pelvic ring fracture and has the advantages of shorter operation time, less blood loss, and lower risk of infection.
ObjiectiveTo explore the efficacy and safety of ketogenic diet therapy (KDT) in the rapidly progressive stage of childhood developmental epileptic encephalopathy Dravet syndrome (DS). Methods The clinical data of all patients who added KDT in the Children’s Hospital of Fudan University from 2011 to 2022 were retrospectively collected, and the age of <6 years was used as the criterion for the rapid progression of the disease. The clinica data, genotype and the efficacy of KDT were analyzed in DS patients who met the criteria. Results A total of 32 patients met the criteria for rapid disease progress, including 22 males and 10 females. The age at onset was (5.69±2.10) months. All patients had multiple seizure phenotypes and monthly seizures despite reasonable Antiseizure medications treatment. After 3, 6, 12, and ≥24 months, 93.8% (30/32), 87.5% (28/32), 53.1% (17/32), 34.4% (11/32) remained on the KDT, while 76.7% (23/30), 75.0% (21/28), 70.6% (12/17), 54.5% (6/11) showed >50% reduction in seizure. Status epileptius (SE) was reduced by 100% at 3 months, 71.0% at 6 months, 86.0% at 12 months. After 12 months, 14 patients experienced efficacy degradation. After 3 months, the EEG background rhythm showed improvement in 75.0% patients, interictal epileptic discharges was decreased in 54.5% patients and cognitive function was improved in 78.6% patients. At the initial stage of KDT, 62.5% (20/32) patients had transisent adverse reactions, including diarrhea, vomiting, fatigue, lethargy, hypoglycemia, and metabolic acidosis, but no mid- and long-term adverse reactions were found. ConclusionKDT is an efficective and safe treatment for DS. KDT can effectively control seizures, reduce the incidence of Status SE and shorten the duration of SE. With the prolongation of the KDT course, some patients experienced a degraded effect. KDT can improve abnormal EEG and cognitive function in DS patients. Pharmoco-resistant DS patients are suggested to receive KDT in the early stage of disease progression.
