Objective To investigate the drug resistance and homogeneous analysis of Acinetobacter baumanii in emergency intensive care unit ( EICU) . Methods Four multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii ( MDR-Ab) strains isolated fromnosocomial inpatients fromJuly 25 to September 7 in 2009 were collected and tested for drug sensitivity and MIC determination as well. The A. baumannii isolates were typed with pulsed-field gel electrophoresis ( PFGE) to determine whether they derived fromthe same clone.Results Four isolates from nosocomial inpatients were resistant to multiple antibiotics including carbapenem. The PFGE types identified from four isolates were A and B. The A. baumannii isolates did not derived from the same clone. Conclusion The prevalence of nosocomial infection is not due to transmission of the same strains among different individuals in EICU.
Objective To study the prevalence of combined pulmonary fibrosis and emphysema (CPFE) in a community-based lung cancer screening program in Shanghai. Methods From June 2018 to July 2019, eligible participants who were assessed through a high-risk lung cancer questionnaire in Xuhui, Shanghai underwent low-dose computed tomography of the lungs. The suspected CPFE patients were invited to provide medical history and blood for analysis, and received high-resolution CT (HRCT) scanning for confirmation. Results Of the 15 cases of suspected CPFE from a total of 4478 participants in which 1704 males and 2774 females, 4 declined further examination and 11 received further examine. Eight subjects were confirmed as CPFE, and all were male, of whom two were ex-smokers and six were active smokers. These CPFE patients had cough, chest tightness and dyspnea. There were 3 cases of centrilobular emphysema, 2 cases of paraseptal emphysema, 1 case of panlobular emphysema and 2 cases of mixed emphysema. There were 2 cases of usual interstitial pneumonia, 3 cases of non-specific interstitial pneumonia, 2 cases of airspace enlargement with fibrosis and 1 case of unclassifiable smoking-related interstitial fibrosis. The KBILD scores were 61.7±7.5 and mMRC scores were 1.5±0.8. Serum Krebs von den Lungen-6 concentration was (380.75±212.05)U/mL. Lung function test showed normal or mild restrictive ventilatory function, and mild-moderate impairment in diffusion capacity. Conclusions The prevalence of CPFE is 1.79‰ in a community-based lung cancer screening population, and is 4.69‰ in male lung cancer screening population.
ObjectiveTo explore the prevalence and risk factors of hypertension in Anyue County from June 2011 to June 2013.
MethodsUsing stratfied random cluster sampling method, 5 391 people over 15 years of age were selected from 3 residential areas and 3 natural villages to finish a questionnaire and blood pressure measurement.
ResultsThe total prevalence rate of hypertension in Anyue County was 18.77%. The prevalence rates of hypertension in urban areas and rural areas were 21.75% and 16.20%, and the difference was significant (χ2=27.120, P<0.001). In both urban and rural areas, the prevalence rate of hypertension increased with age (χ2=475.634, P<0.001; χ2=394.026, P<0.001). The percentages of awareness, treatment and control in Anyue County were 31.30%, 24.41%, and 9.09%. The percentages of awareness, treatment and control in urban areas were 40.15%, 33.70%, and 11.23% and were 20.68%, 13.65%, and 6.61% in rural areas. There were significant differences in the percentages of awareness, treatment and control between urban and rural areas (χ2=44.475, P<0.001; χ2=54.861, P<0.001; χ2=8.202, P=0.004). The logistic regression analysis showed that age (OR=1.061, P<0.001), diabetes (OR=1.550, P<0.001), hyperlipemia (OR=2.372, P<0.001) and smoking (OR=1.335, P<0.001) were the risk factors for hypertension; and it showed that high level of education was a protective factor for hypertension (OR=0.755, P<0.001).
ConclusionBecause of high prevalence and low percentages of awareness, treatment and control in Anyue County, the prevention and control situation of hypertension are grim. We should focus on the control of smoking, blood lipid and blood glucose.
ObjectiveTo explore the variation tendency of hospital infection and the antibacterial usage between 2011 and 2012,analyze the factors for hospitalization infection,and instruct on taking effective intervention measures,in order to reduce the rate of hospital infection,and thus to provide a scientific basis for the prevention and control of hospital infection.
MethodsAll patients hospitalized in our hospital from 00:00 to 24:00 between September 21,2011 and August 16,2012 were investigated.By using the method of combined clinical investigation and case study,we asked the patients to fill the case questionnaires standardly,and analyzed the hospital infection cases on the survey day.
ResultsA total of 1165 hospitalized patients were investigated from the year 2011 to 2012,and the actual check rate was 100%.A total of 46 cases of hospital infection occurred in 39 patients.The prevalence rate of hospital infection was 3.88% in 2011 and 2.80% in 2012.High rate hospital infections occurred in the Department of Neurosurgery which was 27.27% and Cardiothoracic surgery which was 16.67% in 2011.In 2012,the departments included ICU which was 28.57% and Internal Cardiovascular Medicine which was 9.09%.The main infection sites were respiratory tract,followed by urinary tract and superficial incisions.The usage rates of antibiotics were 63.07% and 40.56% respectively in the two years.There were significant difference in antibiotic use rate between the two years (P<0.01).
ConclusionThe focus of future work is to strengthen the management of respiratory tract,urinary tract and surgical site infections,and to use antimicrobial drugs reasonably,in order to reduce hospital infection effectively.
Objective The aim of this study was to describe the trends in the burden of breast cancer in women of all ages in China from 1990 to 2021, compare it with the global burden of breast cancer in women, and predict the burden of disease in the next 15 years. Methods Based on the open data of the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) in 2021, the incidence, prevalence, mortality and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) of breast cancer among women in China and the world were analyzed. Joinpoint was used to calculate annual percentage change (APC) and average annual percentage change (AAPC) to reflect the changing trend of disease burden. An autoregressive composite moving average (ARIMA) model was used to predict the disease burden of breast cancer in women from 2022 to 2036. Results From 1990 to 2021, the age-standardized incidence rate (ASIR) and age-standardized prevalence rate (ASPR) of female breast cancer in China showed an increasing trend, with an average annual increase of 2.400 7% and 2.334 8%, respectively, and the age-standardized mortality rate (ASMR) and age-standardized DALYs rate (ASDR) showed a decreasing trend. The average annual decline was 0.290 0% and 0.198 3%, respectively. Meanwhile, ASIR and ASPR of global female breast cancer also showed an increasing trend, with an average annual increase of 0.474 9% and 0.3445 2% respectively, while ASMR and ASDR showed a decreasing trend, with an average annual decrease of 0.425 2% and 0.321 8% respectively. Among them, there were differences in the impact of age on the burden of female breast cancer. The peak of ASIR and ASPR appeared in the age group of 50 to 69 years old, and generally increased with the increase of age, and then decreased when reaching the peak. ASMR and ASDR increased with age. In the following 15 years, the prevalence of breast cancer in women in China and globally showed an increasing trend, while the mortality rate showed a decreasing trend. Conclusion From the analysis of the disease burden from 1990 to 2021, breast cancer has a huge harm to women, and the incidence of young and middle-aged women is high, the death rate of middle-aged and elderly women is high, and the disease time is long, which brings a heavy psychological and economic burden to patients and society. From the trend forecast for the next 15 years, the prevalence of breast cancer in women in China and the world will increase, while the mortality rate will decrease slightly, but the decrease is not large, which will bring huge public health challenges and put higher requirements on the prevention and control of the disease. To reduce the disease burden of breast cancer, comprehensive strategies for disease control are needed, including prevention of risk factors at the primary care level, screening of at-risk populations, and quality medical services.
ObjectiveTo know the situation of nosocomial infection in 2014 in a western region hospital, in order to provide a scientific basis for hospital infection control and management.
MethodWe selected the patients on August 14th in 2014 during the time from 00:00 to 24:00 as our study subjects. Bedside investigation and medical records investigation were combined to study the cross-sectional survey of nosocomial infection. We completed the questionnaire, and used statistical methods to count related data about nosocomial infections and community-acquired infections.
ResultsA total of 1 908 patients were investigated. The nosocomial infection prevalence rate was 4.45%, and the community-acquired infection prevalence rate was 29.09%. The highest prevalence of nosocomial infection department was the Intensive Care Unit (38.10%); the top three surgical systems were Thoracic Surgery (18.67%), General Surgery (16.67%), and Neurosurgery (10.53%), and the top three medical systems were Endocrinology (11.11%), Neurology (6.67%), and Infectious Diseases Department (5.88%). The top three community-acquired infections occurred in Pediatrics Department (non-neonatal group) (95.37%), Burn surgery (92.31%), and Respiratory Medicine (86.46%). The main infection site for both nosocomial and community-acquired infection was lower respiratory tract (58.24%). Pathogens were mainly Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii, Staphylococcus aureus, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Hospital and community-acquired infection bacterial spectrum were consistent. And the rate of antibiotics use was 40.82%, in which 126 patients used for prevention (6.60%), and 599 patients used for treatment (31.39%). For patients using the drugs for treatment, bacterial culture submission rate was 80.71%, and the positive rate was 43.78%.
ConclusionsThe prevalence of nosocomial infection is reliable, which provides a data support for nosocomial infection prevention and control.
Objective To investigate the prevalence of depression in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease ( COPD) and risk factors. Methods 215 patients with stable COPD were recruited in the study. The Patient Health Questionnaire-9 ( PHQ-9) standardized scale were performed for the depression survey. Meanwhile CAT, pulmonary function test and the history taking ( sex, age, height, weigh, smoking status, education level) were applied to evaluate all the COPD patients. The COPD patients were classified into A, B, C, and D groups according to 2011 GOLD new COPD classification system. Pearson chi-square test and multivariate logistic modeling were used to estimate the prevalence of depression and the risk factors. Results The prevalence of depression in COPD patients whose PHQ-9 scores ≥7 was 37.7% with 18.5% , 35.8% , 46.5% , and 62.5% respectively in A, B, C, and D groups. There was significant difference in prevalence between each groups ( Plt;0.05) . Compared with the COPD patients without depression, the COPD patients with depression had younger age, more female, higher education level, higher CAT scores and smaller means of body mass index ( BMI) . Logistic analysis revealed that depression in COPD was associated with age, sex, education level, BMI, FEV1% pred and CAT scores. The patients who with younger age, female sex, higher education level, lower FEV1% pred, lower BMI and higher CAT scores were had higher rsik to be complicated with depression. However no significant difference was observed between different FEV1 /FVC or smoking status. Conclusions This study confirms the high prevalence of depression in patients with stable COPD, and the prevalence in A, B, C, and D groups of COPD are different. Sex, age, education level, FEV1% pred, BMI, and CAT scores are the risk factors of depression in COPD.
ObjectiveIn order to provide guidance for early interference of diabetic retinopathy (DR) in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM), we surveyed the prevalence and analysis the related factors of DR in Shanghai Songnan community.
MethodsBased on an established resident health database, an epidemiology study was performed on the residents with DM in Shanghai Songnan community.1177 patients completed questionnaire survey, and received physical examination and laboratory tests. The diagnosis and grading of DR were established based on the ocular fundus images acquired by digital non-mydriasis fundus camera. Patients with incomplete questionnaires were excluded.
ResultsThere were 1120 DM patients with valid questionnaires. DR was found in 264 (23.57%) patients. The prevalence of mild, moderate, severe non-proliferative DR and proliferative DR was 17.05%, 5.09%, 1.16% and 0.27% respectively. There was significant differences in age, disease course, systolic blood pressure, insulin usage between the DR group and NDR group(t=-2.647, 2.688, 2.204, 2.291;χ2=12.527;P=0.008, 0.007, 0.028, 0.022, 0.000). There was significant differences in fasting blood-glucose and insulin usage between the mild, the moderate and the severe DR group(t=21.964, χ2=14.996;P=0.000, 0.001). Stepwise logistic analysis identified that age, DM course, and insulin usage were the related factors of DR (OR=0.769, 1.239, 1.100, 1.071, 1.682;P=0.001, 0.043, 0.176, 0.097, 0.005).
ConclusionThe age, DM course, and insulin usage were the related factors of DR. The high prevalence of DR indicated the importance of the management of diabetic patients.
ObjectiveTo systematically review the prevalence and risk factors of the chronic post-cesarean section pain (CPCSP). MethodsPubMed, EMbase, The Cochrane Library, CINAHL, PsycInfo, CBM, WanFang Data, VIP, and CNKI databases were electronically searched to collect studies on the prevalence and risk factors of CPCSP from inception to August 2021. Two reviewers independently screened literature, extracted data, and assessed the risk of bias of included studies. Meta-analysis was then performed using Stata 15.1 software. ResultsA total of 43 studies involving 12 435 participants were included. The results of meta-analysis showed that the prevalence of CPCSP for 2 to 5 months, 6 to 11 months, and at least 12 months were 19% (95%CI 15% to 23%), 13% (95%CI 9% to 17%), and 8% (95%CI 6% to 10%), respectively. The risk factors included preoperative pain present elsewhere, postoperative severe acute pain, low abdominal transverse incision, non-intrathecal administration of morphine, preoperative anxiety, postpartum depression, etc. ConclusionsThe current evidence shows that the overall prevalence of CPCSP is high. Preoperative pain presents elsewhere, postoperative severe acute pain, low abdominal transverse incision, non-intrathecal administration of morphine, preoperative anxiety and postpartum depression may increase the risk of CPCSP.
Objective To study the prevalence of snoring in adults aged over 35 yrs in Kelamayi city of Xinjiang province, and screen the snoring associated factors.Methods 2600 subjects( age≥35 yrs) were enrolled from a random sample of the population living in 5 streets, two districts in Kelamayi city. All subjects were required to answer questions about their snoring by himself or bed partner at home. The questionnaire included items concerning snoring, daytime sleepness ( Epworth sleep scale, ESS) , smoking and drinking habits, while height, weight, neck circumference, abdominal circumference, waistline, and hip circumference were meatured. The subjects were assigned to a high risk group and a low risk group according to the questionaire of scoring. Results 2590 subjects had completed the questionnaire and 2513 ( 97. 0% )were eligble for evaluation. The cases of ever snoring was 1312 ( 52. 2% ) , among which moderate to severe snoring accounted for 38. 9% . Before the age of 60 yrs, the risk of snoring increased with age, and higher in males than females( 61. 7% vs. 45. 1% ) . The prevalence of snoring increased with neck circumference( P lt;0. 05) . The body mass index ( BMI) [ ( 28. 2 ±3. 6) kg/m2 vs. ( 25. 1 ±3. 9) kg/m2 ] , neck circumference [ ( 37. 7 ±3. 6) cmvs. ( 35. 6 ±3. 6) cm] , abdominal circumference [ ( 96. 9 ±13. 6) cm vs. ( 88. 7 ±11. 1) cm] , waistline [ ( 92. 2 ±9. 8) cm vs. ( 84. 7 ±10. 2) cm] , hip circumference [ ( 102. 9 ±9. 6) cm vs.( 96. 4 ±9. 3) cm] , proportionlity of waistline to hip circumference ( 0. 90 ±0. 07 vs. 0. 88 ±0. 08) , systolic blood pressure [ ( 132. 0 ±17. 5) mm Hg vs. ( 125. 6 ±16. 8) mm Hg] , and diastolic blood pressure [ ( 83. 3 ±12. 8) mm Hg vs. ( 78. 3 ±12. 6) mm Hg] were significantly different bettween the high and the low risk groups ( P lt; 0. 01) . Logistic regression analysis revealed that age ( OR = 1. 519) , BMI ( OR =2. 549) , neck circumference (OR = 2. 473) , smoking (OR = 2. 765) , ESS(OR = 2. 575) , and postmenopause( OR=1. 806) were main risk factors for snoring( P lt; 0. 05) . Conclusions The prevalence of snoring in adults over 35 yrs is high in Kelamayi city. The high risk factors for snoring are age, BMI, neck circumference, smoking, ESS, and post-menopause.
