Objective
To investigate the incidence and the correlative factors of diabetic retinopathy (DR) in patients with diabetes mellitus（DM）who lives in Beixinjing blocks, Shanghai.
Methods
Residents with DM were enrolled according to resident health archives. The data of disease history, visual acuity, eye disease and introcular pressure were collected by inquiry and examination. Photography of ocular fundus was used to confirm the diagnosis of DR.
Results
A total of 535 residents excepted the examination with the participating rate of 90.68%, in whom 146 (27.29%) were identified as with DR. The incidence of single and proliferative DR was 22.29% and 4.30%, respectively. Duration of DM was the independent risk factor of DR, while long duration of DM, accompanied with peripheral neuropathy and body mass index was the in-order independent factor of proliferative DR.
Conclusions
The incidence of DR is high in residents with DM. Monitoring DR progress in DM residents with risk factors is recommended.
(Chin J Ocul Fundus Dis, 2006, 22: 31-34)
ObjectiveTo explore the prevalence and risk factors of hypertension in Anyue County from June 2011 to June 2013.
MethodsUsing stratfied random cluster sampling method, 5 391 people over 15 years of age were selected from 3 residential areas and 3 natural villages to finish a questionnaire and blood pressure measurement.
ResultsThe total prevalence rate of hypertension in Anyue County was 18.77%. The prevalence rates of hypertension in urban areas and rural areas were 21.75% and 16.20%, and the difference was significant (χ2=27.120, P<0.001). In both urban and rural areas, the prevalence rate of hypertension increased with age (χ2=475.634, P<0.001; χ2=394.026, P<0.001). The percentages of awareness, treatment and control in Anyue County were 31.30%, 24.41%, and 9.09%. The percentages of awareness, treatment and control in urban areas were 40.15%, 33.70%, and 11.23% and were 20.68%, 13.65%, and 6.61% in rural areas. There were significant differences in the percentages of awareness, treatment and control between urban and rural areas (χ2=44.475, P<0.001; χ2=54.861, P<0.001; χ2=8.202, P=0.004). The logistic regression analysis showed that age (OR=1.061, P<0.001), diabetes (OR=1.550, P<0.001), hyperlipemia (OR=2.372, P<0.001) and smoking (OR=1.335, P<0.001) were the risk factors for hypertension; and it showed that high level of education was a protective factor for hypertension (OR=0.755, P<0.001).
ConclusionBecause of high prevalence and low percentages of awareness, treatment and control in Anyue County, the prevention and control situation of hypertension are grim. We should focus on the control of smoking, blood lipid and blood glucose.
ObjectiveTo systematically analyze the prevalence of cognitive impairment in patients with COPD.MethodsAn electronic search in PubMed, Embase, CNKI, WanFang Data and VIP databases to identify studies describing the prevalence of cognitive impairment in patients with COPD from inception to 3 May 2023. Two reviewers independently screened literature, extracted data and assessed the risk of bias of included studies, then, the meta-analysis was performed by using Stata16.0 software. ResultsA total of 40 studies involving 9, 988 patients with COPD were included. Meta-analysis showed that the total prevalence of cognitive impairment in patients with COPD was 48.26% (95%CI 42.39% to 54.20%). The results of subgroup analysis revealed that the prevalence of cognitive impairment in patients with acute exacerbation of COPD was higher than that in patients with stable-phase (58.62% vs. 49.71%). The prevalence of cognitive impairment in COPD patients was 29.07% before 2015, while the prevalence between 2015-2019 and 2020-2023 were higher, with rates of 53.06% and 48.26% respectively. The prevalence of cognitive impairment in domestic COPD patients was significantly higher than that in foreign patients (52.66% vs. 37.06%). ConclusionThe prevalence of cognitive impairment is relatively high in COPD patients, highlighting the need to strengthen the screening for cognitive impairment in COPD patients and provide early assessment and intervention.
ObjectiveTo know the situation of nosocomial infection in 2014 in a western region hospital, in order to provide a scientific basis for hospital infection control and management.
MethodWe selected the patients on August 14th in 2014 during the time from 00:00 to 24:00 as our study subjects. Bedside investigation and medical records investigation were combined to study the cross-sectional survey of nosocomial infection. We completed the questionnaire, and used statistical methods to count related data about nosocomial infections and community-acquired infections.
ResultsA total of 1 908 patients were investigated. The nosocomial infection prevalence rate was 4.45%, and the community-acquired infection prevalence rate was 29.09%. The highest prevalence of nosocomial infection department was the Intensive Care Unit (38.10%); the top three surgical systems were Thoracic Surgery (18.67%), General Surgery (16.67%), and Neurosurgery (10.53%), and the top three medical systems were Endocrinology (11.11%), Neurology (6.67%), and Infectious Diseases Department (5.88%). The top three community-acquired infections occurred in Pediatrics Department (non-neonatal group) (95.37%), Burn surgery (92.31%), and Respiratory Medicine (86.46%). The main infection site for both nosocomial and community-acquired infection was lower respiratory tract (58.24%). Pathogens were mainly Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii, Staphylococcus aureus, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Hospital and community-acquired infection bacterial spectrum were consistent. And the rate of antibiotics use was 40.82%, in which 126 patients used for prevention (6.60%), and 599 patients used for treatment (31.39%). For patients using the drugs for treatment, bacterial culture submission rate was 80.71%, and the positive rate was 43.78%.
ConclusionsThe prevalence of nosocomial infection is reliable, which provides a data support for nosocomial infection prevention and control.
ObjectiveTo learn the current situation and feature of nosocomial infection (NI), so as to provide reference for making the prevention measures.
MethodsPrevalence rate of nosocomial infection in patients hospitalized on December 18, 2012 was investigated by the combination of bed-side examination and medical record checking.
ResultsA total of 1 083 patients were surveyed, and the prevalence rate of nosocomial infection was 6.00%. Intensive Care Unit had the highest NI prevalence (28.57%), followed by Hematology Department (20.00%) and Neurosurgery Department (20.00%). Lower respiratory tract (38.46%) was the main infection site, followed by superficial surgical incision (13.85%). The usage rate of antimicrobial agents was 30.56%, and 40 strains of pathogens were isolated, in which Klebsiella pneumonia (15.0%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (12.5%) and Escherichia coli (10.0%) were the main ones.
ConclusionTarget monitoring management of key departments and key sites should be strengthened, and the management of antimicrobial agents should be stressed and invasive procedures should be decreased.
ObjectiveTo analyze the clinical characteristics and geographical distribution of Keshan disease in Chongqing city for prevention and disease control.
MethodsWe collected the clinical data of patients with Keshan disease from 2008 to 2012 in Liangping, Shizhu, Fengdu and Dianjiang counties as well as Wanzhou district of Chongqing city including the medical history, physical examination, results of laboratory tests to analyze the clinical characteristics and geographical distribution.
ResultsFifty-eight patients were included from Liangping (n=21), Shizhu (n=25), Fengdu (n=11) and Dianjiang (n=1). The number of patients with potential and chronic Keshan disease was 16 and 42, respectively. The average age of patients was 54.91±15.53 years. The proportion above age 60 was 32.76% and below age 10 was 3.45%. The patients had main clinical signs as heart enlargement (36.76%), low-weak first heart sound (22.41%), systolic murmur (10.34%), arrhythmia (8.62%), etc. Abnormal ECG detection rate was 98.28%, with common types followed by sinus rhythm (37.93%), complete right bundle branch block (25.86%), ST-T changes (24.14%), left ventricular hypertrophy (15.52%), atrial fibrillation (13.79%), occasional ventricular premature (10.34%), T changes (10.34%), sinus bradycardia (8.62%), and incomplete right bundle branch block (6.90%). X-ray results showed that heart enlargement accounted for 82.76%. The ratios of mild, moderate and significant expansion of the heart were 46.55%, 27.59%, and 8.62%, respectively.
ConclusionIn recent years, most patients with Keshan disease in Chongqing are chronic type at older age. The main clinical symptom is heart enlargement with high abnormal ECG detection rate.
Objective To understand the prevalence of overweight and obesity and its influence factors in Zhuhai inhabitants. Methods Applying multi-stage cluster random sampling in the three administrative areas of Zhuhai including Xiangzhou, Doumen and Jinwan, A questionnaire-based survey was performed in conjunction of the measurement of height and weight among 961 inhabitants aged 15-69 years. In addition, a multivariate unconditional logistic regression model was employed to analyze the influence factors of overweight and obesity. Results The prevalence and standardized rates of overweight and obesity in the study population were 18.1%, 17.6%, 6.6%, 6.5%, respectively. The standardized rates of overweight and obesity in male and female were 18.4%, 5.8%, 16.5%, 7.2%, respectively. Age, drinking, smoking and regional difference were identified as the 4 risk factors of overweight and obesity, their OR values being 1.028, 1.683, 0.677, 1.404, Plt;0.05, respectively. Conclusion The prevalence of overweight and obesity in Zhuhai’s inhabitants was over the average level of Chinese residents, and overweight and obesity has become a major risk factor influencing the health of Zhuhai’s inhabitants. In view of the influence factors of overweight and obesity, timely and effective prevention and control measures should be taken.
ObjectiveIn order to provide guidance for early interference of diabetic retinopathy (DR) in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM), we surveyed the prevalence and analysis the related factors of DR in Shanghai Songnan community.
MethodsBased on an established resident health database, an epidemiology study was performed on the residents with DM in Shanghai Songnan community.1177 patients completed questionnaire survey, and received physical examination and laboratory tests. The diagnosis and grading of DR were established based on the ocular fundus images acquired by digital non-mydriasis fundus camera. Patients with incomplete questionnaires were excluded.
ResultsThere were 1120 DM patients with valid questionnaires. DR was found in 264 (23.57%) patients. The prevalence of mild, moderate, severe non-proliferative DR and proliferative DR was 17.05%, 5.09%, 1.16% and 0.27% respectively. There was significant differences in age, disease course, systolic blood pressure, insulin usage between the DR group and NDR group(t=-2.647, 2.688, 2.204, 2.291;χ2=12.527;P=0.008, 0.007, 0.028, 0.022, 0.000). There was significant differences in fasting blood-glucose and insulin usage between the mild, the moderate and the severe DR group(t=21.964, χ2=14.996;P=0.000, 0.001). Stepwise logistic analysis identified that age, DM course, and insulin usage were the related factors of DR (OR=0.769, 1.239, 1.100, 1.071, 1.682;P=0.001, 0.043, 0.176, 0.097, 0.005).
ConclusionThe age, DM course, and insulin usage were the related factors of DR. The high prevalence of DR indicated the importance of the management of diabetic patients.
Objective To study the prevalence of snoring in adults aged over 35 yrs in Kelamayi city of Xinjiang province, and screen the snoring associated factors.Methods 2600 subjects( age≥35 yrs) were enrolled from a random sample of the population living in 5 streets, two districts in Kelamayi city. All subjects were required to answer questions about their snoring by himself or bed partner at home. The questionnaire included items concerning snoring, daytime sleepness ( Epworth sleep scale, ESS) , smoking and drinking habits, while height, weight, neck circumference, abdominal circumference, waistline, and hip circumference were meatured. The subjects were assigned to a high risk group and a low risk group according to the questionaire of scoring. Results 2590 subjects had completed the questionnaire and 2513 ( 97. 0% )were eligble for evaluation. The cases of ever snoring was 1312 ( 52. 2% ) , among which moderate to severe snoring accounted for 38. 9% . Before the age of 60 yrs, the risk of snoring increased with age, and higher in males than females( 61. 7% vs. 45. 1% ) . The prevalence of snoring increased with neck circumference( P lt;0. 05) . The body mass index ( BMI) [ ( 28. 2 ±3. 6) kg/m2 vs. ( 25. 1 ±3. 9) kg/m2 ] , neck circumference [ ( 37. 7 ±3. 6) cmvs. ( 35. 6 ±3. 6) cm] , abdominal circumference [ ( 96. 9 ±13. 6) cm vs. ( 88. 7 ±11. 1) cm] , waistline [ ( 92. 2 ±9. 8) cm vs. ( 84. 7 ±10. 2) cm] , hip circumference [ ( 102. 9 ±9. 6) cm vs.( 96. 4 ±9. 3) cm] , proportionlity of waistline to hip circumference ( 0. 90 ±0. 07 vs. 0. 88 ±0. 08) , systolic blood pressure [ ( 132. 0 ±17. 5) mm Hg vs. ( 125. 6 ±16. 8) mm Hg] , and diastolic blood pressure [ ( 83. 3 ±12. 8) mm Hg vs. ( 78. 3 ±12. 6) mm Hg] were significantly different bettween the high and the low risk groups ( P lt; 0. 01) . Logistic regression analysis revealed that age ( OR = 1. 519) , BMI ( OR =2. 549) , neck circumference (OR = 2. 473) , smoking (OR = 2. 765) , ESS(OR = 2. 575) , and postmenopause( OR=1. 806) were main risk factors for snoring( P lt; 0. 05) . Conclusions The prevalence of snoring in adults over 35 yrs is high in Kelamayi city. The high risk factors for snoring are age, BMI, neck circumference, smoking, ESS, and post-menopause.
H7N9, a novel avian influenza A virus that causes human infections emerged in February, 2013 in Anhui and Shanghai, China. The epidemic quickly spread to Zhejiang, Jiangsu and other neighbor provinces. As of May 30th, 2013, WHO had reported 132 cases, 37 (28%) of which died. Aiming at such serious outbreak of epidemic, we retrospectively analyzed its etiology, epidemiology, clinical characteristics, treatment, prevention and control based on data and evidence. Experience and evidence of the risk surveillance and management of such a novel anthropozoonosis lacks in China, or even lacks around the world. Quick and accurate identification of the rules and of the variation and transmission of avian influenza virus becomes a key to prevention, control and treatment. According to current best available evidence around the world, Chinese medicine and biomedicine should be put in to parallel use. Only realizing evidence-based decision making can we effectively prevent and control the epidemic, treat patients, and reduce the loss.
