Objective
To investigate the difference in first onset age, family history and medication compliance between male and female patients with schizophrenia in communities.
Methods
We used self-designed questionnaire to survey and analyze 372 cases of schizophrenia between June to August 2014.
Results
There were no significant differences between male and female schizophrenic patients in the family history, personality before the disease, education level, age, and the onset type and disease course (P > 0.05). The first onset age of male patients [(24.92±8.22) years] was significantly earlier than female patients [(27.02±11.28) years] and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). The number of unmarried male patients (115, 58.97%) was significantly more than unmarried females (81, 45.76%) and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). The full medication compliance rate of female patients (127, 71.75%) was significantly better than that of male patients (115, 58.97%) (P < 0.05).
Conclusion
The first onset age, marital status and medication compliance are significantly different between the two genders of patients with schizophrenia, which indicates that prevention, treatment and recovery measures for male and female patients should be differentiated.
ObjectiveTo investigate the incidence of nosocomial infection in acute and serious schizophrenic inpatients and its risk factors.
MethodsBetween January 1st and December 31st, 2012, we investigated 1 621 schizophrenic patients on the status of nosocomial infections according to the hospital standard of nosocomial infection diagnosis. They were divided into infected group and uninfected group according to the survey results. The risk factors were analyzed by logistic regression method.
ResultsTwenty-nine infected patients were found among the 1 621 patients, and the incidence rate was 1.79%. Among the nosocomial infections, the most common one was respiratory infection (79.31%), followed by gastrointestinal infection and urinary infection (6.90%). There were significant differences between the two groups of patients in age, hospital stay, positive and negative syndrome scale (PASS), combined somatopathy, the time of protective constraint, modified electraconvulsive therapy (MECT), using two or more antipsychotics drugs, using antibiotics and side effects of drugs (P<0.05). However, there were no statistical differences in gender, age classes, the course of disease, frequency of hospitalization and seasonal incidence of hospital infection (P>0.05). The results of multivariate analysis showed that hospital stay, positive symptom score, negative symptom score, the time of protective constraint, MECT, using two or more antipsychotics drugs and side effects of drugs were the main risk factors for nosocomial infection of inpatients with psychopathy (P<0.05).
ConclusionBased on the different traits and treatments of acute and serious schizophrenia, a screening table of infections should be set. For the high risk group of nosocomial infection, effective measures should be taken to prevent and control the nosocomial infection of patients with schizophrenia.
ObjectiveTo systematically review the effectiveness of Tai Chi for improving negative symptoms and activity participation in patients with schizophrenia. MethodsDatabases including PubMed, The Cochrane Library (Issue 3, 2016), EMbase, CBM, CNKI, VIP and WanFang Data were electronically searched to collect the randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and quasi-randomized controlled trials (quasi-RCT) about Tai Chi for improving negative symptoms and activity participation in patients with schizophrenia from inception to Apirl 1st 2016. Two reviewers independently screened literature, extracted data and assessed the risk of bias of included studies. Then meta-analysis was performed by using RevMan 5.3 software. ResultsA total of three RCTs and two quasi-RCTs were included. The result of meta-analyses showed that no significant difference was found in negative symptom scores (MD=–0.95, 95% CI –3.78 to –1.89, P=0.51) and positive symptoms scores of PANSS (MD=–0.02, 95% CI –0.50 to 0.46, P=0.94) between two groups. However, the Tai Chi group was superior to the control group in items including attention, avolition, anhedonia-asociality, alogia and affective flattening/blunting of SANS (all P values<0.05). ConclusionTai Chi may have positively influence on various negative symptoms in patients with schizophrenia, but no evidence to support the Tai Chi's effects for activities participation. Larger and higher quality studies are needed.
Objective To explore the difference of white matter changes between bipolar affective disorder and schizophrenia using diffusion tensor imaging (DTI). Methods Patients with bipolar affective disorder and schizophrenia were selected from the Mental Health Center of West China Hospital of Sichuan University between October 2014 and January 2017. Volunteers were recruited from October 2014 to January 2017. The included patients were divided into bipolar affective disorder group and schizophrenia group according to their diagnosis. Volunteers were divided into normal control group. The bipolar affective disorder group was divided into two subgroups: manic episode and depressive episode. DTI was performed on the included patients and volunteers. Tract based spatial statistics (TBSS) was used to study the differences in fractional anisotropy (FA) of white matter between patients and normal controls, and FA values of two subgroups of bipolar affective disorder and schizophrenia were compared. Results A total of 99 patients and 40 normal controls were included in this study. Among them, there were 40 cases in schizophrenia group and 59 cases in bipolar affective disorder group (31 cases of manic episode and 28 cases of depressive episode). Compared with the normal control group, FA values decreased in corpus callosum, fornix, occipital forceps and left inferior longitudinal fasciculus with bipolar affective disorder group and schizophrenia group (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in FA values between bipolar affective disorder group and schizophrenia group (P>0.05), but the FA value in left posterior thalamic radiation decreased in depressive episode of bipolar affective disorder group compared with schizophrenia group (P=0.001). Conclusions There are similarities between white matter changes in bipolar affective disorder and schizophrenia. However, the white matter change in posterior thalamic radiation may be the characteristic change in depressive episode of bipolar affective disorder.
Objective To systematically review the health state utility values in patients with schizophrenia, and to provide references for subsequent studies on the health economics of schizophrenia. Methods The PubMed, EMbase, The Cochrane Library, Web of Science, CNKI, WanFang Data, and VIP databases were searched from inception to December 1st, 2021 to collect studies on health state utility values in patients with schizophrenia. Two reviewers independently screened literature, extracted data, and assessed the risk of bias of the included studies. Meta-analysis was then performed by Stata 15.0 software. Results A total of 19 studies were included. Patients’ utility values were 0.68 (95%CI 0.59 to 0.77) for direct measures, and 0.77 (95%CI 0.75 to 0.80) and 0.66 (95%CI 0.61 to 0.70) for indirect measures with the EQ-5D-5L and EQ-5D-3L as the primary scales. Utility values varied with measures, tariffs, regions, and populations. Conclusion Studies on health state utility value in schizophrenia are diversified in measurement methods, showing high inter-study heterogeneity. Therefore, it is necessary to promote the study on utility value measurement in schizophrenia in China.
ObjectiveTo explore the effects of drug management skill training on lightening the family burden of schizophrenic patients in their recovery period.
MethodsBetween December 2011 and December 2013, 101 patients with schizophrenia were randomly divided into experimental group (n=56) and control group (n=45). The experimental group was given drug management skill training, while the control group only received routine follow-up. The course of the research was six months. Both groups were assessed by the positive and negative syndrome scale on patients' psychological symptoms, and family burden scale of diseases was used to assess the burden of the family.
ResultsCompared with the controls, patients in the experimental group improved more in their positive symptoms (t=2.692, P=0.008), negative symptoms (t=2.729, P=0.008), general psychopathology symptoms (t=3.231, P=0.002) and the whole psychiatric symptoms (t=3.870, P<0.001). Moreover, the degree of patients' symptom improvement was positively correlated with the degree of family burden lightening (r=0.44, P<0.001).
ConclusionFor patients with schizophrenia, reasonable drug management skill training can effectively improve patients' medication compliance, promote treatment effect and lighten family burden.
Objective
To probe into the influence of hospital-community seamless recovery mode on quality of life in schizophrenia patients.
Methods
Fifty-six patients with stable condition discharged from hospital in 2011 were recruited. All the patients accepted hospital-community seamless recovery mode based on rehabilitation inside the hospital. Personal and social performance scale (PSP) and family APGAR (adaptability, partnership, growth, affection, resolve) index were used to evaluate the change of social function and family APGAR index at the beginning of the study, 3 months and 6 months after this research. All the data were analyzed by SPSS 16.0 software.
Results
Scores of APGAR scale and PSP scale of patients 3 months and 6 months after rehabilitation training were significantly higher than those before the training (P<0.05). APGAR scale and PSP scale had positive correlation. As APGAR score increased, PSP score also increased (P<0.05).
Conclusion
Hospital-community seamless recovery mode can improve the quality of life and promote rehabilitation positively in patients with schizophrenia.
ObjectiveTo explore the influence factors of therapeutic compliance and emotional expression of first-degree relatives in acute schizophrenic patients with psychotic symptoms.
MethodsThe Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS) was used to measure the severity of psychotic symptoms in sixty schizophrenic patients from June to September 2014 in West China Hospital and the Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS) was used to survey the emotional expression in their family members. The homemade treatment adherence scale was used to survey the treatment adherence in patients for one week.
ResultsThere was a poor therapeutic compliance in nineteen patients with acute schizophrenia (32%) and the other 41(68%) had good therapeutic compliance; the relatives of schizophrenic patients had high TAS scores (male: 67.61±10.03; female: 69.68±11.46) than the normal models did (P ＜ 0.05) . The differences between the patients with different therapeutic compliance in BPRS total score, reactivator, hostile and suspicion factor (P ＜ 0.05) . The therapeutic compliance was related to the severity of the psychotic symptoms (P ＜ 0.05) . Conclusions There is a bad emotional expression in the relatives of acute schizophrenic patients. The psychotic symptoms can influence the therapeutic compliance. The milder the psychotic symptoms, the better the therapeutic dependence.
Objective To explore the relationship between depression and quality of life in schizophrenic patients, and the mediating role of sleep quality and weakness. Methods We selected inpatients with schizophrenia from 4 secondary and above psychiatric hospitals in Chengdu for questionnaire survey by convenient sampling method between March and July 2022. The questionnaires included general demographic data, disease-related questionnaire, Self-rating Depression Scale (SDS), Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), Fried Frailty Phenotype (FFP) and Schizophrenia Quality of Life Scale (SQLS). Results A total of 594 patients were included, including 373 males (62.8%) and 221 females (37.2%). The univariate analysis of the factors affecting the quality of life of the patients showed that there was no significant difference in the age, sex, only child or not, education level, course of schizophrenia, and combined medication (P>0.05), except for the family history of mental disorders (P<0.05). SQLS score was positively correlated with SDS score (r=0.635, P<0.001), PSQI score (r=0.402, P<0.001) and FFP score (r=0.327, P<0.001). The mediation of sleep quality and weakness on depression and quality of life are significant, and chain-mediated effect of depression and quality of life was significant. Conclusion The depression level of schizophrenia patients can not only directly affect their quality of life, but also indirectly affect their quality of life through the mediation of sleep quality, weakness and chain mediation of sleep quality and weakness.
Objective
To explore the relationship of self-efficacy and coping styles with parenting styles in patients with schizophrenia, and provide the theory and practical basis for family-interventions of rehabilitation of patients with schizophrenia.
Methods
From January to June 2015, General Self- Efficacy Scale, Simplified Coping Style Questionnaire and Egma Minnen av Bardndosnauppforstran were used to evaluate 60 inpatients with schizophrenia and in good rehabilitation in a grade A tertiary general hospital.
Results
The scores of self-efficacy, parental emotional warmth and father’s over protection were lower in patients with schizophrenia than the norms (P<0.01). The scores of parental punishment and rejection and father’s over intervention were higher in patients with schizophrenia than the norms (P<0.01). In patients with schizophrenia, the active coping domain was positively correlated to parental emotion warmth (P<0.05); the negative coping domain was positively correlated to parental rejection, father’s over protection and mother’s over intervention (P<0.05); self-efficacy was positively correlated to father’s emotion warmth and preference of parents (P<0.05).
Conclusions
Active family-interventions is important in the rehabilitation of patients with schizophrenia. The parents should be instructed to correctly educate the children, to improve the patients’ general self-efficacy, and help the patients successfully solve the problem with good coping style.
