Objective To explore the effectiveness and safety of ziprasidone in the treatment of female patients with schizophrenia. Methods A before-after study design with prospective consecutive data collection was adopted. From June 2006 to May 2007, 30 female patients with schizophrenia discharged from the Second Veterans Hospital of Shanxi Province were included. Ziprasidone 60-120 mg/d was orally administered for 6 weeks. Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) and Treatment Emergent Symptom Scale (TESS) were measured before the treatment and at the end of Week 2, 4 and 6 after the treatment, respectively.Results At Week 6, the significant improvement rate and the total improvement rate were 86.67% and 93.33%, respectively; the incidence of side effects was 86.67%. Conclusion Ziprasidone is safe and effective in the treatment of schizophrenia. Since it will not increase body weight or the level of prolactin, it can be especially applied to female schizophrenic patients.
Objective To explore the difference of white matter changes between bipolar affective disorder and schizophrenia using diffusion tensor imaging (DTI). Methods Patients with bipolar affective disorder and schizophrenia were selected from the Mental Health Center of West China Hospital of Sichuan University between October 2014 and January 2017. Volunteers were recruited from October 2014 to January 2017. The included patients were divided into bipolar affective disorder group and schizophrenia group according to their diagnosis. Volunteers were divided into normal control group. The bipolar affective disorder group was divided into two subgroups: manic episode and depressive episode. DTI was performed on the included patients and volunteers. Tract based spatial statistics (TBSS) was used to study the differences in fractional anisotropy (FA) of white matter between patients and normal controls, and FA values of two subgroups of bipolar affective disorder and schizophrenia were compared. Results A total of 99 patients and 40 normal controls were included in this study. Among them, there were 40 cases in schizophrenia group and 59 cases in bipolar affective disorder group (31 cases of manic episode and 28 cases of depressive episode). Compared with the normal control group, FA values decreased in corpus callosum, fornix, occipital forceps and left inferior longitudinal fasciculus with bipolar affective disorder group and schizophrenia group (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in FA values between bipolar affective disorder group and schizophrenia group (P>0.05), but the FA value in left posterior thalamic radiation decreased in depressive episode of bipolar affective disorder group compared with schizophrenia group (P=0.001). Conclusions There are similarities between white matter changes in bipolar affective disorder and schizophrenia. However, the white matter change in posterior thalamic radiation may be the characteristic change in depressive episode of bipolar affective disorder.
Objective
To probe into the influence of hospital-community seamless recovery mode on quality of life in schizophrenia patients.
Methods
Fifty-six patients with stable condition discharged from hospital in 2011 were recruited. All the patients accepted hospital-community seamless recovery mode based on rehabilitation inside the hospital. Personal and social performance scale (PSP) and family APGAR (adaptability, partnership, growth, affection, resolve) index were used to evaluate the change of social function and family APGAR index at the beginning of the study, 3 months and 6 months after this research. All the data were analyzed by SPSS 16.0 software.
Results
Scores of APGAR scale and PSP scale of patients 3 months and 6 months after rehabilitation training were significantly higher than those before the training (P<0.05). APGAR scale and PSP scale had positive correlation. As APGAR score increased, PSP score also increased (P<0.05).
Conclusion
Hospital-community seamless recovery mode can improve the quality of life and promote rehabilitation positively in patients with schizophrenia.
Objective
To explore the relationship of self-efficacy and coping styles with parenting styles in patients with schizophrenia, and provide the theory and practical basis for family-interventions of rehabilitation of patients with schizophrenia.
Methods
From January to June 2015, General Self- Efficacy Scale, Simplified Coping Style Questionnaire and Egma Minnen av Bardndosnauppforstran were used to evaluate 60 inpatients with schizophrenia and in good rehabilitation in a grade A tertiary general hospital.
Results
The scores of self-efficacy, parental emotional warmth and father’s over protection were lower in patients with schizophrenia than the norms (P<0.01). The scores of parental punishment and rejection and father’s over intervention were higher in patients with schizophrenia than the norms (P<0.01). In patients with schizophrenia, the active coping domain was positively correlated to parental emotion warmth (P<0.05); the negative coping domain was positively correlated to parental rejection, father’s over protection and mother’s over intervention (P<0.05); self-efficacy was positively correlated to father’s emotion warmth and preference of parents (P<0.05).
Conclusions
Active family-interventions is important in the rehabilitation of patients with schizophrenia. The parents should be instructed to correctly educate the children, to improve the patients’ general self-efficacy, and help the patients successfully solve the problem with good coping style.
Objective To explor the influence of the hospital-community-family mental rehabilitation mode on the quality of life of patients with schizophrenia. Methods We selected 101 patients diagnosed as schizophrenia according to ICD-10, who were hospitalized in mental health center of the West China Hospital and took part in rehabilitation voluntarily after discharge. Those patients were randomly assigned to two groups. Hospital-community-family mental rehabilitation mode intervention was applied to the patients based on inpatient rehabilitation in the trial group (n=52), while inpatient rehabilitation alone was applied in the control group (n=49). The total score of quality of life, psycho-social dimension, motivation and energy dimension, score of mental disability and social function, and family social care index were recorded. Then, statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 17.0 software. Results After 3 months and 6 months, the trial group had lower scores of the total score of quality of life, psycho-social domain, and motive and energy dimension than those of the control group (Plt;0.05). After 6 months, the trial group had lower scores of mental disability and social function (Plt;0.05) but a higher score of family social care index (Plt;0.05). The scores of WHO-DSA II and SQLS were positively correlated, while the scores of APGAR and SQLS were negatively correlated. Conclusion The integral mode of hospital-community-family mental rehabilitation effectively improves the quality of life of patients with schizophrenia, which also positively improves patients’ rehabilitation.
ObjectiveTo investigate the incidence of nosocomial infection in acute and serious schizophrenic inpatients and its risk factors.
MethodsBetween January 1st and December 31st, 2012, we investigated 1 621 schizophrenic patients on the status of nosocomial infections according to the hospital standard of nosocomial infection diagnosis. They were divided into infected group and uninfected group according to the survey results. The risk factors were analyzed by logistic regression method.
ResultsTwenty-nine infected patients were found among the 1 621 patients, and the incidence rate was 1.79%. Among the nosocomial infections, the most common one was respiratory infection (79.31%), followed by gastrointestinal infection and urinary infection (6.90%). There were significant differences between the two groups of patients in age, hospital stay, positive and negative syndrome scale (PASS), combined somatopathy, the time of protective constraint, modified electraconvulsive therapy (MECT), using two or more antipsychotics drugs, using antibiotics and side effects of drugs (P<0.05). However, there were no statistical differences in gender, age classes, the course of disease, frequency of hospitalization and seasonal incidence of hospital infection (P>0.05). The results of multivariate analysis showed that hospital stay, positive symptom score, negative symptom score, the time of protective constraint, MECT, using two or more antipsychotics drugs and side effects of drugs were the main risk factors for nosocomial infection of inpatients with psychopathy (P<0.05).
ConclusionBased on the different traits and treatments of acute and serious schizophrenia, a screening table of infections should be set. For the high risk group of nosocomial infection, effective measures should be taken to prevent and control the nosocomial infection of patients with schizophrenia.
Objective To investigate the status and influencing factors of psychosis-related post-traumatic stress disorder (PR-PTSD) in hospitalized patients with schizophrenia. Methods A questionnaire survey was conducted among the hospitalized patients with schizophrenia in three grade Ⅱ or above psychiatric hospitals in Chengdu between March and July, 2022, using the convenient sampling method. Questionnaires included the General Information Questionnaire, Impact of Event Scale-revised (IES-R), Self-rating Depression Scales, Simplified Coping Style Questionnaire, and Intolerance of Uncertainty Scale. If the score showed skewed distribution, it was expressed by the median (lower quartile, upper quartile). According to IES-R score, the patients included were divided into 2 groups. The patients whose score ≥33 were divided into PR-PTSD group, and <33 were divided into non-PR-PTSD group. The general information of the two groups of patients were compared. The correlation between PR-PTSD and depression, coping style and intolerance of uncertainty of the included patients were analyzed. The factors affecting the PR-PTSD of hospitalized patients with schizophrenia were analyzed by multivariate binary logistic regression analysis. Results A total of 388 patients were included. Among them, there were 282 cases in the non-PR-PTSD group and 106 cases in the PR-PTSD group. The IES-R score was 23.00 (15.00, 33.00), the depression score was 45.00 (38.00, 53.00), the negative coping style score was 11.00 (8.00, 14.75), the positive coping style score was 20.00 (16.00, 25.00), and the intolerance of uncertainty score was 28.00 (22.25, 33.00). IES-R was positively correlated with depression (r=0.370, P<0.001), negative coping style (r=0.396, P<0.001), positive coping style (r=0.111, P=0.029) and intolerance of uncertainty (r=0.467, P<0.001). Regression analysis showed that depression [(odds ratio, OR)=1.073, 95% confidence interval (CI) (1.043, 1.105), P<0.001)], negative coping style [OR=1.121, 95%CI (1.040, 1.208), P=0.003], intolerance of uncertainty [OR=1.081, 95%CI (1.045, 1.118), P<0.001] were the influencing factors of PR-PTSD in hospitalized patients with schizophrenia. Conclusions The prevalence of PR-PTSD in hospitalized patients with schizophrenia is high. Depression, negative coping style and intolerance of uncertainty are the risk factors for PR-PTSD in hospitalized schizophrenia patients.
ObjectiveTo explore the influence factors of therapeutic compliance and emotional expression of first-degree relatives in acute schizophrenic patients with psychotic symptoms.
MethodsThe Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS) was used to measure the severity of psychotic symptoms in sixty schizophrenic patients from June to September 2014 in West China Hospital and the Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS) was used to survey the emotional expression in their family members. The homemade treatment adherence scale was used to survey the treatment adherence in patients for one week.
ResultsThere was a poor therapeutic compliance in nineteen patients with acute schizophrenia (32%) and the other 41(68%) had good therapeutic compliance; the relatives of schizophrenic patients had high TAS scores (male: 67.61±10.03; female: 69.68±11.46) than the normal models did (P ＜ 0.05) . The differences between the patients with different therapeutic compliance in BPRS total score, reactivator, hostile and suspicion factor (P ＜ 0.05) . The therapeutic compliance was related to the severity of the psychotic symptoms (P ＜ 0.05) . Conclusions There is a bad emotional expression in the relatives of acute schizophrenic patients. The psychotic symptoms can influence the therapeutic compliance. The milder the psychotic symptoms, the better the therapeutic dependence.
Objective To explore the relationship between depression and quality of life in schizophrenic patients, and the mediating role of sleep quality and weakness. Methods We selected inpatients with schizophrenia from 4 secondary and above psychiatric hospitals in Chengdu for questionnaire survey by convenient sampling method between March and July 2022. The questionnaires included general demographic data, disease-related questionnaire, Self-rating Depression Scale (SDS), Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), Fried Frailty Phenotype (FFP) and Schizophrenia Quality of Life Scale (SQLS). Results A total of 594 patients were included, including 373 males (62.8%) and 221 females (37.2%). The univariate analysis of the factors affecting the quality of life of the patients showed that there was no significant difference in the age, sex, only child or not, education level, course of schizophrenia, and combined medication (P>0.05), except for the family history of mental disorders (P<0.05). SQLS score was positively correlated with SDS score (r=0.635, P<0.001), PSQI score (r=0.402, P<0.001) and FFP score (r=0.327, P<0.001). The mediation of sleep quality and weakness on depression and quality of life are significant, and chain-mediated effect of depression and quality of life was significant. Conclusion The depression level of schizophrenia patients can not only directly affect their quality of life, but also indirectly affect their quality of life through the mediation of sleep quality, weakness and chain mediation of sleep quality and weakness.
Objective
To investigate the difference in first onset age, family history and medication compliance between male and female patients with schizophrenia in communities.
Methods
We used self-designed questionnaire to survey and analyze 372 cases of schizophrenia between June to August 2014.
Results
There were no significant differences between male and female schizophrenic patients in the family history, personality before the disease, education level, age, and the onset type and disease course (P > 0.05). The first onset age of male patients [(24.92±8.22) years] was significantly earlier than female patients [(27.02±11.28) years] and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). The number of unmarried male patients (115, 58.97%) was significantly more than unmarried females (81, 45.76%) and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). The full medication compliance rate of female patients (127, 71.75%) was significantly better than that of male patients (115, 58.97%) (P < 0.05).
Conclusion
The first onset age, marital status and medication compliance are significantly different between the two genders of patients with schizophrenia, which indicates that prevention, treatment and recovery measures for male and female patients should be differentiated.
