The link between micro- and macro-parameters for radiation interactions that take place in living biological systems is described in this paper. Meanwhile recent progress and development in microdosimetry and nanodosimetry are introduced, including the methods to measure and calculate these micro- or nano-parameters. The relationship between radiobiology and physical quantities in microdosimetry and nanodosimetry was presented. Both the current problems on their applications in radiation protection and radiotherapy and the future development direction are proposed.
ObjectiveTo predict as well as bioinformatically analyze the target genes of has-miR-451.
MethodsmiRBase, miRanda, TargetScan and PicTar were used to predict the target genes of hsa-miRNA-451. The functions of the target genes were demonstrated by Gene Ontology and pathway enrichment analysis. P < 0.05 was set as statistically significant.
Results18 target spots of hsa-miRNA-451 were predicted by 3 databases or prediction software at least. The functions of the target genes were enriched in proliferation and development of epithelial cells and regulation of kinase activity (P < 0.05). Pathway analysis showed that transforming growth factor-beta signaling pathway, mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathway, epidermal growth factor signaling pathway, Wnt signaling pathway and mammalian target of rapamycin signaling pathway were significantly enriched (P < 0.05).
Conclusionhsa-miRNA-451 might be involved in various signaling pathways related to proliferation and development of epithelial cells.
Objective To analyze the causes and pathogens of infectious endophthalmitis in our hospital. Methods The clinical data and laboratory findings of 282 inpatients with infectious endophthalmitis were retrospectively reviewed. There were 206 males（73.05%）and 76 females（26.95%）with a mean age of (36.0plusmn;11.2) years (range from 2 to 79 years). Except 14 patients who lost their eyeballs as of serious conditions, pathogen examinations of vitreous specimen had been performed for all remaining 268 cases. The clinical and laboratory data were statistically analyzed by Chi-square and Kappa consistency tests, when P＜0.05 the difference should be considered as statistically significant. Results The 4 major causes of infectious endophthalmitis of those 282 patients included ocular trauma (177 cases, 62.77%), infectious keratitis (61 cases, 21.63%), eye surgery (32 cases, 11.35%), and endogenous endophthalmitis (12 cases, 4.25%). 19.21% of the patients in ocular trauma group was 2-13 years old, 55.74% of the patients in infectious keratitis group was 14 -50 years old, and 60.61% of the patients in eye surgery group was 51-79 years old. The major pathogens were fungus and staphylococci each accounted for 30.63% of all cases. Most of the pathogenic bacteria were sensitive to ciprofloxacin (81.81%) and gentamicin (77.92%). Conclusions The major reason of infectious endophthalmitis was ocular trauma, and the major pathogens were fungus and staphylococci. Those findings may help us to treat infectious endophthalmitis patients appropriately.
Objective To investigate plasticity of marrow-derived stem cells,possible mechanisms and application. Methods The recent literature concerned plasticity of marrow-derived stem cells was extensively reviewed. Results Although stem cells plasticity has not been proven, there is more and more evidenceto show that the stem cells may have the plasticity and at least four differentmechanisms are explained.Conclusion The extensive research will be required. If the plasticity is proven, adult stem cells can be used for more therapeutic purposes. For example, the use of stem cells from bone marrow may correct geneticor degenerative disorders of a second organ from which stem cells are more difficult to isolate.
ObjectiveTo analyze the microbiological characteristics of airway bacteria in adult patients with bronchiectasis and to analyze their correlation with the clinical features. MethodsPatients diagnosed with bronchiectasis in the Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine of West China Hospital of Sichuan University from October 2017 to April 2018 were classified into the bronchiectasis group, while the control group was those who were found to have pulmonary nodules (diameter less than 10 mm) requiring bronchoscopy by physical examination. All subjects in both groups had not used antibiotics or hormones within 4 weeks and had no other respiratory diseases. Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) from the lesion site of the branchial expansion group was collected, and BALF from the basal segment of the contralateral inferior bronchial lobe of the pulmonary nodule was collected in the control group. Bacterial culture and 16S rRNA gene sequencing were performed in both groups. ResultsSeventeen cases and six controls were enrolled in this study and the BALF specimens were collected. Eight cases were in stable period and nine cases were in acute period. The case group was divided into the bacteria-positive group and negative group based on bacterial culture of BALF. Shannon index in the bacteria-positive group was significantly lower than the bacteria-negative group and the control group. And Shannon index showed a negative correlation with positive bacterial culture in BALF. When Shannon index ≤4.5 was used to predict positive bacterial culture, the sensitivity and specificity were 83.3% and 90.9% respectively. The average relative abundance of bacteria was higher and the average sample distribution uniformity was lower in patients with acute period, compared with those in patients with stable period. Shannon index was negatively correlated with the acute exacerbation in patients. When Shannon index <5.0 was used to predict acute exacerbation, the sensitivity and specificity were 77.8% and 100.0%, respectively. ConclusionsShannon index in 16S rRNA gene sequencing results has certain predictive value for acute exacerbation stage. 16S rRNA gene sequencing combined with bacterial culture results can help guide clinicians to provide more precise treatment plans.
ObjectiveTo screen compounds or drugs can affect the hypoxia induced-gene expression of retinal vascular endothelial cell based on gene expression microarrays and connectivity map (CMAP) technology.
MethodsTotally 326 up-regulated and down-regulated genes of hypoxic human embryonic retinal microvascular endothelial cells minduced by cobalt chloride in the previous study were converted into query signature format documents. Gene profile of the disease characteristics was then compared with that of control in CMAP website database, positive and negative compounds related to retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) were finally screened out.
Results44 and 18 compounds or drugs have positive and negative relationship with ROP respectively by searching CMAP database with differentially expressed genes. Ciclopirox, cobalt chloride, gossypol and withaferin A have positive relationship with ROP. Cyclic adenosine monophosphate, harmalol, naringin and probenecid have a negative effect on ROP.
ConclusionsCiclopirox, cobalt chloride, gossypol and withaferin A have a positive effect on ROP. However, cyclic adenosine monophosphate, harmalol, naringin and probenecid have a negative effect.
Objective
To summarize the molecular biological research progress of non-coding RNAs modulating osteoarthritis (OA), and provide a reference basis for biological study and clinical treatment of OA.
Methods
Recent domestic and foreign related literature about the regulation of OA pathological process by non-coding RNAs was widely reviewed.
Results
Non-coding RNAs can be divided into three types based on the length of RNA. A lot of non-coding RNAs participating in OA pathological process are screened out by high throughput sequencing technology and microarray technology, and it is verified that these non-coding RNAs involve in the regulation of OA by RT-PCR. The mechanism of OA mediated target is clarified by knocking-down and overexpressing of the most prominent expressed non-coding RNAs in OA. There are the complicated gene expressed network topology in non-coding RNAs, and between non-coding RNAs and coding RNAs. It provides a basis for clearing the effect of gene structure and function, and finding the definite therapeutic target of OA.
Conclusion
There is preliminary study on molecular biological mechanism of non-coding RNAs mediating OA, but the key structure or sequence of non-coding RNAs, formation and interaction of effecting composite structure about mediating OA are unknown, and it needs further study.
Objective To explore the role of high endothelial venule (HEV) in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) at the single cell level. Methods A total of 219257 cells from the lung tissues of 18 COPD patients and 28 healthy controls in the GEO public database (GSE136831) were used to analyze the relationship between HEV with T lymphocytes, B lymphocytes, and dendritic cells. Results Endothelial cells were extracted using single cell analysis technique, and sorting out venous endothelium, CCL14, IGFBP7, POSTN were used as marker genes for HEV endothelial cells. The ratio of HEV endothelial cells was also identified as up-regulated expression in COPD. The function of the differential genes of HEV endothelial cells was analyzed, suggesting the presence of immune regulation. By trajectory analysis, it was suggested that the differential genes of HEV endothelial cells were enriched for extracellular matrix deposition in late development. Finally, by receptor-ligand pairing, it was suggested that HEV endothelial cells was recruited through a series of ligands with T lymphocytes, B lymphocytes, and dendritic cells. Conclusions HEV endothelial cells are elevated in COPD and have an immunomodulatory role by secreting a series of ligands after recruiting T lymphocytes, B lymphocytes as well as dendritic cells for immune action. HEV may be a potential target for the study of COPD therapy.
ObjectiveTo understand the progress of molecular biology research on the pathogenesis of hemorrhoids. MethodThe literatures relevant to reseaches on the molecular biology of hemorrhoid pathogenesis in recent years had been reviewed. ResultsThe generally accepted theories of hemorrhoids included anal cushion downward movement theory, varicose vein theory, and vascular proliferation theory. The molecular biological studies related to the theory of anal cushion downward movement found that the increased expression of matrix metalloproteinase-9 and the abnormal expression of smooth muscle actin could damage the supporting tissue of anal cushion, causing the downward movement and prolapse of anal cushion, and then formed hemorrhoids; The molecular biology researches related to varicose vein theory found that the increase of nitric oxide synthase and transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 could promote the production of nitric oxide, causing varicose veins, and then leaded to the pathogenesis of hemorrhoids; The molecular biology researches related to vascular proliferation theory found that the low expressions of miR-412-5p and miR-4729, and the overexpressions of vascular endothelial growth factor and fibroblast growth factor were related to the vascular proliferation of hemorrhoids. In addition, the secondary inflammatory reaction after the onset of hemorrhoids also played an important role in the occurrence and development of hemorrhoids. ConclusionsThe occurrence and development of hemorrhoids is the result of the intersection and interaction of various mechanisms such as anal cushion downward movement, varicose veins, vascular proliferation, and secondary inflammatory reaction. The molecular biology research on the pathogenesis of hemorrhoids is helpful to better explain the occurrence of hemorrhoids from a microcosmic perspective, and lay a foundation for further exploring the etiology of hemorrhoids.
Fracture is a common physical injury. Its healing process involves complex biological activities at tissue, cellular and molecular levels and is affected by mechanical and biological factors. Over recent years, numerical simulation methods have been widely used to explore the mechanisms of fracture healing, design fixators and develop novel treatment strategies, etc. This paper mainly recommend the numerical methods used for simulating fracture healing and their latest research progress, which helps people better understand the mechanism of fracture healing, and also provides direction and guidance for the numerical simulation research of fracture healing in the future. First, the fracture healing process and its relationship with mechanical stimulation and biological factors are described. Then, the numerical models used for simulating fracture healing (including mechano-regulatory model, biological regulatory model and mechano-biological regulatory model) and corresponding modeling techniques (mainly including agent-based techniques and fuzzy logic controlling method) were summarized in particular. Finally, the future research directions in numerical simulation of fracture healing were preliminarily prospected.
