Objective
This study aimed to explore the relationship between serum lipid and lipoprotein levels and occurrence of breast cancer, and relationship between serum lipid and lipoprotein levels and clinicopathological characteristics of breast cancer patients.
Methods
Clinical data of 788 patients with breast cancer and 395 patients with benign breast disease were retrospectively collected, who received treatment in The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University from January 2014 to March 2016, and to explore the relationship between levels of total cholesterol (TC)/triglyceride (TG)/high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c)/low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c) and occurrence of breast cancer/ clinicopathological characteristics of breast cancer patients.
Results
① Influencing factors that affected the occurrence of breast cancer: multifactor logistic analysis showed that, height (OR=0.950, P=0.006), body mass index (OR=1.062, P=0.041), and serum LDL-c level (OR=1.349, P=0.016) were independent influencing factors for occurrence of breast cancer, people had high body mass index and higher level of serum LDL-c had high risk of breast cancer, but people had high height had low risk of breast cancer. ②Association analysis of serum lipid and lipoprotein levels and clinicopathological characteristics of breast cancer patients: the serum TC level was correlated with expression of progesteronereceptors (PR) and lymph node metastasis status (P<0.05), the serum TC levels of patients with negative-expression of PR and lymph node metastasis were slightly higher than that of patients with positive-expression of PR and non-lymph node metastasis; the serum TG level was associated with body mass index (P<0.05), that the serum TG level of patients with body mass index≥25 kg/m2was slightly higher than that of patients with body mass index<25 kg/m2; the serum HDL-c level was correlated with the body mass index and diameter of the tumor (P<0.05), the serum HDL-c level of the patients with body mass index≥25 kg/m2 was slightly lower than that of patients with body mass index<25 kg/m2, the serum HDL-c level of patients with the tumor diameter≤2 cm was slightly higher than that of patients with the tumor diameter >2 cm; the serum LDL-c level was correlated with body mass index, expression of estrogenreceptors (ER) and PR, and molecular typing ( P<0.05), the serum LDL-c level was slightly higher in patients with body mass index≥25 kg/m2, negative expression of ER and PR, and non Luminal type patients, comparing with patients with body mass index<25 kg/m2, positive expression of ER and PR, and Luminal type patients.
Conclusions
High level of serum LDL-c is strongly associated with occurrence of breast cancer, and levels of serum lipid and lipoprotein are associated with expression of hormone receptor, molecular type of breast cancer, and status of lymph node, but it needs further randomized controlled studies to confirm.
Objective To investigate the clinical characteristics and prognosis of antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitis with acute kidney injury (AKI) as the first manifestation, and provide new ideas for the prevention and treatment of this disease. Methods A retrospective analysis was performed on 144 patients diagnosed with ANCA-associated vasculitis in Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University between August 2013 and March 2020. The patients were divided into AKI group and non-AKI group according to whether they were complicated with AKI at admission, and the differences in clinical characteristics were analyzed. The risk factors were screened by multiple logistic regression analysis. Results Among the 144 patients with ANCA-associated vasculitis, 30 cases (20.8%) were complicated with AKI at admission, and 70 cases (48.6%) died by the end of follow-up. There were 16 death cases (53.3%) in the AKI group, and 54 death cases (47.4%) in the non-AKI group, but the difference was not statistically significant (P>0.05). Single-factor analyses showed that in the AKI group, the pre-admission incidence of hematuria, neutrophil count, serum creatinine, systolic blood pressure, and Birmingham Vasculitis Activity Score were higher than those in the non-AKI group, while the red blood cell count and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) were lower than those in the non-AKI group, and the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that the neutrophil count [odds ratio (OR)=1.172, 95% confidence interval (CI) (1.003, 1.371), P=0.046] and eGFR [OR=0.942, 95%CI (0.907, 0.979), P=0.002] were independent influencing factors for AKI. Conclusions Elevated neutrophil count is an independent risk factor for ANCA-associated vasculitis complicated with AKI. It has certain guiding significance for clinical work. Early identification and intervention of these patients may contribute to reduce the case fatality rate and improve prognosis.
Objective To evaluate the effects of mass immunization campaign on the epidemiological characteristics of measles. Methods Comparison was made between the incidences of measles before and after the mass immunization campaign in 2007 in Shunqing prefecture of Nanchong city. Results The total number of the reported measles cases reached 460 during 2004 to 2007 in Shunqing prefecture of Nanchong city, and the respective annual rates of incidence were 4.04, 23.53, 11.84, and 33.57, respectively per 100 000 heads. Cases reported from April to July accounted to 73.91% of the total (340/460). Children under 15 were reported to have the highest incidence rate and accounted to 83.70% of the total (385/460), of which incidences of children under 1 accounted to 0%, 10.81%, 13.51% and 25.82%, respectively. Only 20.00% of the subjects (92/460) in this study had a definite history of measles vaccination. After the mass immunization campaign in September, 2007, only 10 cases were reported in 2008 and the incidence rate was 1.58 per 100 000 heads, a 95.29% decrease in incidence rate in comparison with that of the last year. Conclusion The mass immunization campaign has achieved substantial results.
Objective By using metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS), we aimed to analyze the microbes characteristics of lower respiratory tract of patients with pulmonary infection, so as to improve the further understanding of clinical etiological characteristics of patients with pulmonary infection. Methods A total of 840 patients with suspected pulmonary infection were enrolled from August 2020 to October 2021 in West China Hospital of Sichuan University. mNGS was used to detect the microbiome of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of all patients, and the microbial characteristics of lower respiratory tract of all patients were retrospectively analyzed. Results A total of 840 patients were enrolled, of which 743 were positive for microbiome, with bacterial infection accounting for 35.13% (261/743). Acinetobacter baumannii accounted for 18.98% (141/743), followed by Streptococcus pneumoniae (14.13%, 105/743), Klebsiella pneumoniae (13.46%, 100/743), Enterococcus faecium (12.11%, 90/743) and Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (11.98%, 89/743). Acinetobacter baumannii had the highest average reads (2607.48). In addition, some specific pathogens were detected, such as 9 cases of Chlamydia psittaci. The main fungal infections were Candida albicans (12.38%, 92/743), Pneumocystis jirovecii (9.02%, 67/743) and Aspergillus fumigatus (7.40%, 55/743), among which the average reads of Pneumocystis jirovecii was higher (141.86) than Candida albicans and Aspergillus fumigatus. In addition, some special pathogens were also detected, such as a case of Talaromyces marneffei. The main viral infections included human β herpevirus 5 (17.90%, 133/743), human γ herpevirus 4 (17.36%, 129/743), human β herpevirus 7 (16.15%, 120/743) and human α herpevirus 1 (13.59%, 101/743), among which the average reads of human herpesvirus type 1 (367.27) was the highest. Parasitic infection was least, with only 2 cases of Echinococcus multilocularis, 2 cases of Angiostrongylus cantonensis, 2 cases of Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus and 1 case of Dermatophagoides farinae, which were mainly infected with bacteria and viruses. In addition, a total of 407 patients were diagnosed with mixed infection, of which virus and bacteria mixed infection was the most (22.61%, 168/743). The distribution of microorganisms in different seasons also has certain characteristics. For example, bacteria (Acinetobacter baumannii) were most frequently detected in autumn and winter, while viruses (human gamma-herpesvirus type 4) were most frequently detected in spring and summer. Conclusions In the lower respiratory tract of patients with pulmonary infection, the main gram-negative bacteria are Acinetobacter baumannii and Klebsiella pneumoniae, while the main gram-positive bacteria are Streptococcus pneumoniae, Enterococcus faecium and Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex; the main fungi are Candida albicans, Pneumocystis jirovecii and Aspergillus fumigatus; the main viruses are human β herpevirus 5, human γ herpevirus 4 and human β herpevirus 7. However, parasites are rarely detected and have no obvious characteristics. Bacterial infection and bacterial virus mixed infection are the main co-infections; the microbial characteristics of autumn and winter are different from those of spring and summer. In addition, attention should be paid to special pathogenic microorganisms, such as Chlamydia psittaci and Talaromyces marneffei. These characteristics could be used as reference and basis for the pathogenic diagnosis of pulmonary infection.
ObjectiveTo observe the multimodal imaging characteristics of combined hamatoma of the retina and retinal pigment epithelium (CHRRPE).MethodsA retrospective case study. From January 2013 to December 2017, 6 CHRRPE patients (6 eyes) diagnosed in Department of Ophthalmology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital were included in the study. There were 4 males and 2 females, with the mean age of 12.0±8.10 years. There were 5 eyes with BCVA ≤0.1, 1 eye with BCVA＞1.0. Corneal fluoroscopy showed 1 eye with an external oblique 15°, and the remaining eye had no abnormalities in the anterior segment. All eyes underwent fundus color photography, FAF, FFA, ICGA, OCT and color Doppler flow imaging (CDFI). The multimodal imaging characteristics were observed.ResultsAll the affected eyes CHRRPE were located in the posterior pole and showed mild elevation. Most of the retinal neuroepithelial layers had different degrees of hyperplasia, vascular tortuosity and retinal folds. Of the 6 eyes, 4 eyes (66.7%) involving the macula and optic disc, only 2 eyes (33.3%) involving the macula. OCT showed that the structure of the neuroepithelial layer was unclear and the signal intensity was uneven; it involved 2 eyes of the whole retina (33.3%) and only 4 eyes of the neuroepithelial layer (66.7%). FFA and ICGA showed that the choroidal background fluorescence of the early lesions was weakened, and the lesions showed slightly weak fluorescence; the late telangiectasia fluorescein was obviously leaked, and the lesions were stained with fluorescence. FAF mainly appears as weak autofluorescence with a small amount of strong autofluorescence. CDFI has no characteristic performance.ConclusionsCHRRPE is mainly a membrane-like hyperplasia without angiogenesis, involving the retinal neuroepithelial layer, and may also involve the entire retina. OCT is dominated by strong reflection; AF, FFA and ICGA are mainly weak fluorescence.
ObjectiveTo analyze the clinical characteristics and evaluate the effect and safety of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) therapy in retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) in Sichuan province. MethodsA retrospective study. From January 2013 to January 2022, 156 patients (306 eyes) with ROP who received intravitreal anti-VEGF therapy for the first time in the Department of Ophthalmology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University were selected. According to the type of anti-VEGF drugs, the children were divided into intravitreal injection of ranibizumab (IVR) group and intravitreal injection of conbercept (IVC) group; IVC group was divided into hospital group and referral group according to the different paths of patients. After treatment, the patients were followed up until the disease degenerated (vascular degeneration or complete retinal vascularization) or were hospitalized again for at least 6 months. If the disease recurred or progressed, the patients were re-admitted to the hospital and received anti-VEGF drug treatment, laser treatment or surgical treatment according to the severity of the disease. Clinical data of these children was collected, including general clinical characteristics: gender, gestational age at birth (GA), birth weight (BW), history of oxygen inhalation; pathological condition: ROP stage, zone, whether there were plus lesions; treatment: treatment time, postmenstrual gestational age at the time of the first anti-VEGF drug treatment; prognosis: re-treat or not, time of re-treatment, mode of re-treatment; adverse events: corneal edema, lens opacity, endophthalmitis, retinal injury, and treatment-related systemic adverse reactions. The measurement data between groups were compared by t test, and the count data were compared by χ2 test or rank sum test. ResultsOf the 306 eyes of 156 children with ROP, 74 were male (47.44%, 74/156) and 82 were female (52.56%, 82/156). Each included child had a history of oxygen inhalation at birth. The GA was (28.43±2.19) (23.86-36.57) weeks, BW was (1 129±335) (510-2 600) g, and the postmenstrual gestational age was (39.80±3.04) (31.71-49.71) weeks at the time of the first anti-VEGF drug treatment. All patients were diagnosed as type 1 ROP, including 26 eyes (8.50%, 26/306) of aggressive ROP (A-ROP), 39 eyes (12.74%, 39/306) of zone Ⅰ lesions, and 241 eyes (78.76%, 241/306) of zone Ⅱ lesions. The children were treated with intravitreal injection of anti-VEGF drugs within 72 hours after diagnosis. Among them, 134 eyes (43.79%, 134/306) of 68 patients were treated with IVR, and 172 eyes (56.21%, 172/306) of 88 patients were treated with IVC. In IVC group, 67 eyes of 34 patients (38.95%, 67/172) were in the hospital group and 105 eyes of 54 patients (61.05%, 105/172) were in the referral group. 279 eyes (91.18%, 279/306) were improved after one treatment, 15 eyes (4.90%, 15/306) were improved after two treatments, and 12 eyes (3.92%, 12/306) were improved after three treatments. The one-time cure rate of IVR group was lower than that of IVC group, but the difference was not statistically significant (χ2=1.665, P=0.197). In different ROP categories, IVC showed better therapeutic effect in A-ROP, and its one-time cure rate was higher than that in IVR group, with statistically significant difference (χ2=7.797, P<0.05). In the hospital group of IVC group, the GA, BW and the postmenstrual gestational age at first time of anti-VEGF drug treatment were lower than those in the referral group, and the difference was statistically significant (t=－2.485, －2.940, －3.796; P<0.05). The one-time cure rate of the hospital group and the referral group were 94.94%, 92.38%, respectively. The one-time cure rate of the hospital group was slightly higher than that of the referral group, but the difference was not statistically significant (χ2=0.171, P=0.679). In this study, there were no ocular and systemic adverse reactions related to drug or intravitreal injection in children after treatment. ConclusionsCompared with the characteristics of ROP in developed countries, the GA, BW and postmenstrual gestational age of the children in Sichuan province are higher. Both IVR and IVC can treat ROP safely and effectively. There is no significant difference between the two drugs in the overall one-time cure effect of ROP, but IVC performed better in the treatment of A-ROP in this study.
Medical magnetic nanoparticles are nano-medical materials with superparamagnetism, which can be collected in the tumor tissue through blood circulation, and magnetic particle imaging technology can be used to visualize the concentration of magnetic nanoparticles in the living body to achieve the purpose of tumor imaging. Based on the nonlinear magnetization characteristics of magnetic particles and the frequency characteristics of their magnetization, a differential detection method for the third harmonic of magnetic particle detection signals is proposed. It was modeled and analyzed, to study the nonlinear magnetization response characteristics of magnetic particles under alternating field, and the spectral characteristics of magnetic particle signals. At the same time, the relationship between each harmonic and the amount of medical magnetic nanoparticle samples was studied. On this basis, a signal detection experimental system was built to analyze the spectral characteristics and power spectral density of the detected signal, and to study the relationship between the signal and the excitation frequency. The signal detection experiment was carried out by the above method. The experimental results showed that under the alternating excitation field, the medical magnetic nanoparticles would generate a spike signal higher than the background sensing signal, and the magnetic particle signal existed in the odd harmonics of the detected signal spectrum. And the spectral energy was concentrated at the third harmonic, that is, the third harmonic magnetic particle signal detection that meets the medical detection requirement could be realized. In addition, the relationship between each harmonic and the particle sample volume had a positive growth relationship, and the detected medical magnetic nanoparticle sample volume could be determined according to the relationship. At the same time, the selection of the excitation frequency was limited by the sensitivity of the system, and the detection peak of the third harmonic of the detection signal was reached at the excitation frequency of 1 kHz. It provides theoretical and technical support for the detection of medical magnetic nanoparticle imaging signals in magnetic particle imaging research.
OBJECTIVE This paper was to study the biological characteristics of the transformed human embryonic tendon cells, the relation between cell growth and culture conditions, and to compare these features with that of human embryonic tendon cells. METHODS The pts A58H plasmid had successfully used to transform a tendon cell line from human embryo in our past work. The human embryonic tendon cells and the transformed human embryonic tendon cells were cultured in vitro. In different culture conditions, the growth curve were drawn respectively. Population dependence and proliferation capability of the cells were investigated through plate cloning test and soft agar culture. The collagen secreted by cells was identified by immunohistochemical method. RESULTS In routine culture condition, the growth properties of the human embryonic tendon cell and transformed cells were almost identical. The growth properties of the transformed cells were not changed when the cells were frozen storage. There were changes of growth characteristics of the transformed cells when the culture temperature was changed. The transformed cells could subcultured continually and permanently. The proliferation capability of the transformed cells were ber than that of the human embryonic tendon cells. Moreover, the growth of the transformed cells was serum-dependent, and the phenomenon of contact inhibition was observed. The transformed cells were not able to grow on soft agar culture. They had the capacity of secreting collagen type I. CONCLUSION The transformed human embryonic tendon cells could be subcultured continually and permanently, and their growth could be controlled by changing their culture conditions and they had no malignant tendency in biological characteristics. They could be taken as an ideal experimental material for tendon engineering.
ObjectiveTo investigate the clinical characteristics of epileptics with pregnancy and then provide reference for standardized management of epileptics with pregnancy. MethodsFrom June 2012 to June 2021, epileptics with pregnancy who delivered in Jinan Central Hospital were selected as the research subjects. The clinical data such as the application of Antiseizure medications (ASMs) during pregnancy, seizure frequency, pregnancy outcomes, delivery ways, offspring feeding ways and the incidence of complications were investigated and analyzed. ResultsAmong 36 epileptics with pregnancy, 20 cases (55.56%) were treated with ASMs alone, 5 cases (13.88%) were treated with combined medication, and 11 cases (30.56%) were treated without ASMs during pregnancy. 15 cases (41.67%) adhered to systematic application of ASMs, 17 cases (47.22%) did not adhere to systematic application of ASMs, and 4 cases (11.11%) had unknown medication history. The frequency of seizures increased in 5 cases, decreased in 7 cases and unchanged in 24 cases during pregnancy. Pregnancy outcomes: full-term delivery in 33 cases (91.67%), preterm delivery in 1 case (2.78%) and abortion in 2 cases (5.56%). Delivery mode: cesarean section in 31 cases (91.18%), vaginal delivery in 3 cases (8.82%). After delivery, 4 cases (11.76%) were fed with milk powder and 30 cases (88.24%) were breast-fed. Complications: There were 6 cases complicated with anemia (16.67%), 5 cases complicated with gestational hypertension (13.89%), 3 cases complicated with gestational diabetes (8.33%), 4 cases complicated with premature rupture of membranes (11.11%), 2 cases complicated with fetal growth restriction (5.56%), 2 cases complicated with oligohydramnios (5.56%), 3 cases complicated with fetal distress (8.33%) and 3 cases complicated with neonatal asphyxia (8.33%). ConclusionsThe proportion of epileptics with pregnancy who were systematically treated with ASMs was low and the seizures were poorly controlled. There is a lack of standardized management for such patients in clinical practice.
Objective To explore the source and distribution of patients with multidrug resistant organisms (MDROs) acquired (infections/colonizations) outside the hospital and to provide a reference for guiding proactive interventions for nosocomial transmission of MDROs. Methods Bacterial culture results and clinical data of patients newly admitted to Beijing Anzhen Nanchong Hospital of Capital Medical University & Nanchong Central Hospita1 were retrospectively investigated between January 1st 2022 and December 31st 2023. The types of MDROs infections/colonizations, patient sources, and triple distributions of patients with nosocomial acquisition of MDROs were analyzed. Results A total of 293 patients with 308 infections/colonizations were investigated in the extranocomial infection of MDROs, 198110 newly admitted patients during the same period, and the total case rate of extranocomial infection of MDROs was 0.155% (308/198110). Among them, the case rate of extranocomial infection of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (0.062%) and carbapenem resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (0.044%) were higher than those of other types of bacteria. The case rate of extranocomial infection of MDROs was statistically significant in terms of the distribution of the route of admission, gender of the patient, age of the patient, department of admission, and time of admission (P<0.001); The distribution of patients with extranocomial infection of various types of MDROs was correlated with admission route, patient age, and admission department (P<0.001), and the associations with patient gender and admission time were not statistically significant (P>0.05). Conclusions The total case rate of extranocomial infection of MDROs in the institution was at a relatively low level, and conducting large-scale active screening has certain limitations. Active screening factors should be considered in a comprehensive manner to capture differences in epidemiological characteristics of patients with extranocomial infection of MDROs, and targeted prevention and intervention should be carried out to achieve a reduction in infections from MDROs in hospitals.
