【Abstract】 Objective To investigate the cl inical effect of transplanting by auto-fat granule injection for mastatrophy post suckl ing. Methods From March 2000 to June 2006, 73 patients(146 breasts ) with mastatrophy post suckl ing were treated by transplanting auto-fat granule. The mastatrophy occurred between ages 28 and 52 years with a median of 37 years post suckl ing. The breasts shrank and their elasticity decreased gradually within 2-10 years post suckl ing. The autofat granule was obtained by l iposuction with syringe from patient’s abdomen, waist, buttocks and thighs, etc. After repeated wash and purification, the auto-fat granule was transplanted into the interspace behind the breast by injection. The quantity of auto-fat granule was 50-100 mL in each side of breast per transplantation at 3-6 months intervals, and the whole course of treatment needed 2-6 transplantations. Results The incisions in all cases healed primarily postoperatively. In 73 cases, 65 were followed up from 6 months to 3 years post operation. All patients had a significant improvement in their breast size and shape postoperatively and their breasts were soft and natural in appearance and feel. All of them had more perfect arcuation ofphysique and body with strengthened self-confidence, rel ieved mood and improved qual ity of l ife. However, small indurations were found sporadically in 7 cases (10 breasts) within 2-7 months, and calcifications in 5 cases (8 breasts) within 9-14 months post the first operation. Conclusion The transplantation by auto-fat granule injection for mastatrophy post suckl ing is an effective and practical method. The surgical technique is well worth performing in cl inical practice.
Objective To investigate the effect of chondroitinase ABC (ChABC) on the expression of growth associated protein 43 (GAP-43) and gl ial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) after spinal cord injury (SCI) in rats. Methods A total of 150 adult female SD rats, weighing 250-300 g, were randomly divided into ChABC treatment group (group A), sal ine treatment group (group B), and sham operation group (group C) with 50 rats in each group. In groups A and B, the rats were made the SCI models and were treated by subarachnoid injection of ChABC and sal ine; in group C, the rats were not treated as a control. At 1, 3, 7, 14, and 21 days after operation, the Basso, Beattie, and Bresnahan (BBB) score system was used toevaluate the motion function, and immunofluorescent histochemical staining was used to observe the expressions of GAP-43 and GFAP. Results At different time points, the BBB scores of groups A and B were significantly lower than those of group C (P lt; 0.05); there was no significant difference in BBB score between groups A and B after 1, 3, and 7 days of operation (P gt; 0.05), but the BBB score of group A was significantly higher than that of group B after 14 and 21 days of operation (P lt; 0.01). At different time points, the GAP-43 and GFAP positive neurons of groups A and B were significantly higher than those of group C (P lt; 0.05). After 14 and 21 days of operation, the GAP-43 positive neurons of group A were more than those of group B (P lt; 0.01). After 7, 14, and 21 days of operation, the GFAP positive neurons of group A were significantly less than those of group B (P lt; 0.01). Conclusion ChABC can degrade gl ial scar, improve the microenvironment of the injured region and enhance the expression of GAP-43, which promotes axonal growth and extension.
Objective To investigate the correlation between serum level of visfatin and obesity in patients with obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome ( OSAHS) . Methods Forty-seven patients with OSAHS and 20 healthy controls were recruited in this study. Polysomnography was performed in all subjects to detect apnea-hypopnea index ( AHI) . The serumlevels of cisfatin, C-reactive protein ( CRP) , TNF-α, and IL-6 were measured by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. The body mass inex ( BMI) was calculated.The level of cisfatin was compared between the OSAHS patients with different severity and the controls, and its relationship with the levels of AHI, BMI, CRP, TNF-α, and IL-6 was analyzed. Results The serumlevel of visfatin in the OSAHS patients was higher significantly than that in the controls ( P lt;0. 01) and increased by the severity of OSAHS. There were positive correlations between the serum level of visfatin and AHI,BMI, CRP, TNF-α, IL-6 in the OSAHS patients ( P lt;0. 05) . Conclusion The expression of visfatin may play an important role in the pathogenesis of OSAHS.
Objective To investigate the effect of chondroitinase ABC (ChABC) on the expression of growth associated protein 43 (GAP-43) and gl ial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) after spinal cord injury (SCI) in rats. Methods A total of 150 adult female SD rats, weighing 250-300 g, were randomly divided into ChABC treatment group (group A), sal ine treatment group (group B), and sham operation group (group C) with 50 rats in each group. In groups A and B, the rats were made the SCI models and were treated by subarachnoid injection of ChABC and sal ine; in group C, the rats were not treated as a control. At 1, 3, 7, 14, and 21 days after operation, the Basso, Beattie, and Bresnahan (BBB) score system was used toevaluate the motion function, and immunofluorescent histochemical staining was used to observe the expressions of GAP-43 and GFAP. Results At different time points, the BBB scores of groups A and B were significantly lower than those of group C (P lt; 0.05); there was no significant difference in BBB score between groups A and B after 1, 3, and 7 days of operation (P gt; 0.05), but the BBB score of group A was significantly higher than that of group B after 14 and 21 days of operation (P lt; 0.01). At different time points, the GAP-43 and GFAP positive neurons of groups A and B were significantly higher than those of group C (P lt; 0.05). After 14 and 21 days of operation, the GAP-43 positive neurons of group A were more than those of group B (P lt; 0.01). After 7, 14, and 21 days of operation, the GFAP positive neurons of group A were significantly less than those of group B (P lt; 0.01). Conclusion ChABC can degrade gl ial scar, improve the microenvironment of the injured region and enhance the expression of GAP-43, which promotes axonal growth and extension.
ObjectiveTo discuss the early effectiveness of polyaminoacid/nano-hydroxyapatite/calcium sulfate (PAA/HA/CS) Cage (PHC Cage) in lumbar fusion surgery.
MethodsThirty cases undergoing lumbar fusion of single segment between March and September 2014 were enrolled in this study. The patients were randomly divided into the trial group (n=20) and the control group (n=10). The PHC Cage was implanted in the trial group, while the polyetheretherketone (PEEK) Cage was implanted in the control group. The patients of 2 groups mainly presented lumbocrural pain and lower limb radiation pain or numbness. There was no significant difference in gender, age, type, affected segment, disease duration, preoperative intervertebral height, the lordosis angle of fusion segments, and the Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) between 2 groups (P > 0.05). Lateral lumbar X-ray films and three dimensional CT were taken preoperatively and at 1 week and 3, 6, and 12 months postoperatively. The intervertebral height and the lordosis angle of fusion segments at 1 week and 3, 6, and 12 months after operation and ODI at 3, 6, and 12 months after operation were measured; and the bone graft fusion rate was evaluated according to Brantigan criteria.
ResultsThere was no significant difference in operation time, intraoperative blood loss, and the amount of autologous blood transfusion between 2 groups (P > 0.05). Healing by first intention was obtained in 30 cases. All patients were followed up 12 months. The intervertebral height of fusion segments, the lordosis angle of fusion segments, and ODI at each time point after operation were significantly improved when compared with preoperative ones (P < 0.05). The ODI showed significant difference between 3 months and 6, 12 months (P < 0.05), but there was no significant difference between the other time points after operation (P > 0.05). There was no significant difference in the intervertebral height and the lordosis angle of fusion segments between groups at different time points (P > 0.05). There was no significant difference in the above indexes between the trial group and the control group at each time point (P > 0.05). At last follow-up, 5 cases were rated as Brantigan grade E, 13 cases as grade D, and 2 cases as grade C in the trial group; 4 cases were rated grade E, 5 cases as grade D, and 1 case as grade C in the control group. The bone fusion rate was 90% in 2 groups.
ConclusionThe PHC Cage can effectively restore and maintain the disc height of fusion segment, normal sequence and biomechanical stability of the lumbar spine. The PHC Cage is similar to the PEEK Cage and has good clinical outcome in short-term follow-up.
ObjectiveTo summarize the epidemiology of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and the epidemiological and economic burdens of NAFLD, so as to provide a reference for hospital management decision-making. MethodThe domestic and foreign guidelines relevant to NAFLD and the literatures relevant to epidemiological investigation and disease burden researches were summarized and its research progress was reviewed. ResultsThe global prevalence of NAFLD was increasing over years. The incidence, mortality, and disability adjusted life years of liver cirrhosis and liver cancer caused by NAFLD had increased year by year. The patients relevant to NAFLD of inpatients and outpatients had increased obviously, and the overall medical expenses had also shown a rising trend. The possible reasons were health care awareness, new drug research, population aging, and excessive medical consumption. In addition, children and adolescents with NAFLD had a obviously increased risk of liver or extrahepatic diseases. ConclusionsBy understanding the epidemiological trend of NAFLD, it is a certain understanding of the disease burden of NAFLD and the related factors affecting the increase of its treatment cost. It is believed that it is necessary to further pay attention to and strengthen the genetic characteristics, pathogenesis, drug research and development, and early diagnosis of cirrhosis and liver cancer relevant to NAFLD in the future. At the same time, the NAFLD group of children and adolescents should not be ignored.
Objective To investigate the immunoregulatory effects of immunonutrient ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) and its applications in organ transplantation. Methods Relevant literatures of recent years were reviewed. Results The immunoregulatory effects of ω-3 PUFA can inhibit proliferation and activation of the immunocompetent cells including T cell and B cell, reduce cytokine production, modulate immunologic response, improve graft function, pro-long survival, reduce episodes of rejection, and lessen adverse reactions of immunosuppressor.Conclusion ω-3 PUFA should have wide applications in organ transplantation due to its immunoregulatory effects. However, this research should be further studied.
The aim of the study is to identify the effects and underlying mechanisms of visfatin on inflammation and necroptosis in vascular endothelial cells. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were stimulated with visfatin or pretreated with Polyinosinic acid (LOX-1 inhibitor). By using the Western blot, RT-PCR, immunocytochemistry, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), MTT and flow cytometry technique, the occurrence of inflammation and necroptosis in HUVECs were evaluated. Our results showed that 100 ng/mL visfatin significantly increased the mRNA and protein expression of monocyte chemotactic protein 1 (MCP-1) and LOX-1 after 24 hours’ treatment in HUVECs. However, pretreatment with Polyinosinic acid could significantly reduce the expression of MCP-1 compared with visfatin group. Additionally, 100 ng/mL visfatin could induce the production of necrotic features and increase the mRNA expression of BMF (one of the markers of necroptosis), while pretreating with Polyinosinic acid markedly downregulated the mRNA expression of BMF gene and promoted the cell proliferation. These results indicate that visfatin might induce inflammation and necroptosis via LOX-1 in HUVECs, suggesting that visfatin plays a central role in the development of atherosclerosis.
To evaluate an improved treatment of an autologous fat injection for hemifacial atrophy to increase the survival rate of the fat graft and decrease complications including colliquation, necrosis, and absorption of the graft fat. Methods From March 1999 to October 2004, 31 patients with hemifacial atrophy underwent an improved treatment by an autologous fat injection for their diseases. There were 12 males and 19 females aged 1928 years (average, 23.5 years). The patients were divided into the following 3 groups according to the atrophy extent: the mild group (n=9), the moderate group (n=19), and the severe group (n=3). Based on the previous researches on the fat transplantation techniques, the improved treatment combined the following strategies that were simply called “3L3M”: low position for the fat donation, low pressure for the fat harvesting, and lowspeed centrifugation for purification of the fat; multipoint, multitunnel, and multiplane for injections of the fat graft. The preoperative and the postoperative photos were taken and the findings were compared to make clear whether the hard and firm masses and cysts existed; then, the decision was made about whether the patients needed another operation according to whether the patients had a natural facial expression and whether the patients had comfortable feelings as well as the ray findings. Results All the patients had a satisfactory symmetrical face after 1 injection of the fat in 15 patients, 2 injections in 13 patients, and 3 injections in 3 patients. The effect of the 3rd injection was better than that of the 2nd injection; the effect of the 2nd injection was better than that of the 1st injection; the fat volume for the injection could be gradually decreased. The fat volumes for injections were as follows: 814 ml (average, 11 ml) in the submaxillary region, 1525 ml (average, 20 ml) in the buccal region, 510 ml (average, 75 ml) in the zygomatic region, and 1820 ml (average, 19 ml) in the forehead region. The followup for 35 years revealed that there wasno infection, hard and firm mass, cyst or other complications. The pigmentationin the affected face was significantly improved. Conclusion Compared with the traditional treatments, the improved treatment of an autologousfat injection for hemifacial atrophy can achieve a satisfactory symmetry of theface with no injury to the donor site or complications in the recipient site. This improved method is an ideal treatment for hemifacial atrophy.
