The hallmark lesions of age-related macular degeneration (AMD) are drusen and basal linear deposit which are lipid substances deposited in Bruch membrane or the compartment on the Bruch membrane. There is a prevailing hypothesis that lipid and its oxidized derivant deposited in retina may have important roles in the pathogenesis of AMD. Lipid oxidation products are toxic, may affect the adjacent cells, induce inflammation, and trigger neovascularization.7-ketocholestoral (7KCh), a naturally occurring oxidized form of cholesterol, had been found to be toxic to retinal cells and able to induce chronic inflammation, which may play a critical role in the development of AMD. However the precise mechanism remains to be elucidated. Thus we will make a brief review of 7KCh and its association with AMD.
ObjectiveObservational studies have shown that plasma lipids are associated with the development of neurodegenerative diseases (NDD), but the causal relationship is unclear. This study investigated the causal relationship between 179 liposomes and NDD using a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR). MethodsA two-sample MR method was used to comprehensively analyze the causal relationship between liposomes and major NDD such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and multiple sclerosis (MS). The two sample software package and Phenoscanner database were used to screen for appropriate instrumental variables (TV). In this study, inverse variance weighting (IVW) was used as the primary measure of MR analysis, and various sensitivity tests were performed. ResultsMR-IVW results showed that phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) (OR=0.90, 95%CI 0.83 to 0.99, P=0.03), phosphatidylcholine (PC) (OR=0.92, 95%CI 0.85 to 0.99, P=0.02) and phosphatidylinositol (PI) (OR=0.90, 95%CI 0.83 to 0.99, P=0.03) were protective factors for AD. Sterol ester (OR=1.18, 95%CI 1.04 to 1.34, P=0.01) and cholesterol (OR=1.26, 95%CI 1.02 to 1.56, P=0.03) increased the risk of PD. PE (OR=0.79, 95%CI 0.64 to 0.98, P=0.03) and PC (OR=0.83, 95%CI 0.69 to 0.98, P=0.03) reduced the risk of PD. Diacylglycerol (DAG) (OR=1.24, 95%CI 1.01 to 1.54, P=0.04) and sphingomyelin (SM) (OR=1.13, 95%CI 1.08 to 1.58, P=0.01) were the risk factors for MS. PI (OR=0.77, 95%CI 0.62 to 0.95, P=0.02) and PC (OR=0.74, 95%CI 0.88 to 0.95, P=0.02) were protective factors for MS. PI (OR=1.02, 95%CI 1.01 to 1.04, P=0.02) and triglyceride (TG) (OR=1.03, 95%CI 1.01 to 1.05, P=0.02) increased the risk of ALS, PC (OR=0.98, 95%CI 0.97 to 0.99, P=0.03) decreased the risk of ALS. ConclusionThere is a causal relationship between sterol ester, cholesterol, PC, PE, PI, DAG, SM, TG and different NDD, which provides a theoretical basis and support for further clinical studies.
ObjectiveTo explore the influence factors of gallstone.
MethodsClinical data of 511 patients who were admitted to our hospital from Apr. 2015 to Apr. 2016 were retrospectively analyzed.
ResultsOf 511 patients, there were 274 patients with gallstone (gallstone group) and 237 patients without gallstone (control group). Univariate analysis results showed that, no significant difference of age, gender, and diabetes was found between gallstone group and control group (P > 0.050), but the levels of serum total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), low density lipoprotein (LDL-C), and fasting blood glucose (FBG) were significantly higher in patients of gallstone group (P < 0.050), but the level of serum high density lipoprotein (HDL-C) was significantly lower in patients of gallstone group (P=0.001). Logistic regression results showed that four factors including diabetes〔OR=4.491; 95% CI is (2.021, 9.976); P < 0.001〕, the serum TC〔OR=2.548; 95% CI is (1.944, 3.338); P < 0.001〕, HDL-C〔OR=0.115; 95% CI is (0.056, 0.237); P < 0.001〕, and FBG〔OR=1.277; 95% CI is (1.086, 1.502); P=0.003〕 entered the final regression model after controlling confounding factors. The results showed that patients who combined with diabetes, high levels of serum TC and FBG, and low level of serum HDL-C, had higher ratio of galls-tone.
ConclusionDiabetes, high-level of serum TC and FBG, low-level of serum HDL-C were risk factors of gallstone.
ObjectiveTo explore the correlation between lipid profile and molecular typing of invasive breast cancer.MethodsThree hundreds and seventy-five patients with primary invasive breast cancer diagnosed from Breast Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University from January 2018 to June 2019. The total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), apolipoprotein A (ApoA), and apolipoprotein B (ApoB) concentrations were detected. Molecular classification based on the results of postoperative immunohistochemistry of breast cancer patients, compared the measured values of each subtype.ResultsThere were no significant difference in serum TG, HDL-C and ApoA among the four subtypes (P>0.05). Differences serum levels of TC, LDL-C, and ApoB among breast cancer patients of various subtypes were statistically significant (P<0.05). Serum TC concentration in the HER2 overexpression type [(5.08±1.00) mmol/L] and the triple negative type [(5.12±0.91) mmol/L] were significantly higher than the Luminal A type [(4.68±1.01) mmol/L] and the Luminal B type [(4.79± 0.93) mmol/L], P<0.05. Serum LDL-C concentration in the triple negative type [(3.14±0.88) mmol/L] was significantly higher than the LuminalA type [(2.77±0.84) mmol/L] and the LuminalB type [(2.87±0.81) mmol/L], P<0.05. Serum ApoB concentration in the Luminal B type [(0.94±0.23) g/L] was significantly lower than the triple negative type [(1.03±0.23) g/L].ConclusionThere are differences in serum TC, LDL-C and apoB concentrations among different subtypes of breast cancer, but TG, HDL-C and ApoA are not related to molecular typing of breast cancer.
ObjectivesTo systematically review the therapeutic efficacy of vitamin B1 for adjunctive treatment in type 2 diabetes mellitus.MethodsDatabases including PubMed, EMbase, The Cochrane Library, CNKI, VIP, WanFang Data and CBM were searched to collect randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on vitamin B1 for adjunctive treatment in type 2 diabetes mellitus from inception to July 2017. Two reviewers independently screened literature, extracted data and assessed the risk of bias of included studies. Then, meta-analysis was conducted by RevMan 5.3 and Stata 12.0 softwares. ResultsA total of 6 RCTs involving 346 patients were included. The results of meta-analysis showed that, compared with the control group, the vitamin B1 adjunctive group had a significant improvement in CRP (MD=–1.09, 95%CI –1.63 to –0.54, P<0.000 1). However, the fasting blood glucose (MD=–0.23, 95%CI –0.58 to 0.13,P=0.22), glycosylated hemoglobin (MD=0.13, 95%CI –0.25 to 0.52, P=0.49), 2 hours plasma glucose (MD=–0.18, 95%CI –1.03 to 0.67, P=0.68), systolic pressure (MD=2.94, 95%CI –1.31 to 7.18, P=0.18), diastolic pressure (MD=–1.60, 95%CI –4.24 to 1.05, P=0.24), triglycerides (MD=–0.12, 95%CI –0.32 to 0.09, P=0.27), total cholesterol (MD=0.21, 95%CI –0.05 to 0.46, P=0.12), high-density lipoprotein cholesterols (MD=0.03, 95%CI –0.07 to 0.12, P=0.56) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterols (MD=0.12, 95%CI –0.11 to 0.35, P=0.30) had no significant differences between both groups.ConclusionsVitamin B1 adjunctive treatment could not improve the levels of blood glucose, blood pressure and serum lipids. Due to limited quality and quantity of the included studies, more high quality studies are required to verify above conclusions.
Objective To investigates the metabolic changes in serum between patients with normal cognition of cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD) and those with cognitive impairment of CSVD. It aims to identify distinct metabolic pathways of CSVD-related cognitive impairment, which can provide new research directions for the diagnosis and treatment of this disease. Methods Serum samples from CSVD patients diagnosed in the Department of Neurology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University between July 2021 and December 2023 were used in this study. According to the patients’ Montreal Cognitive Assessment scores, they were divided into cognitively unimpaired CSVD group and cognitively impaired CSVD group. Untargeted metabolomic detection was performed using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Quality control of the metabolomic data was conducted through correlation analysis of quality control samples. This study constructed an orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant analysis model to examine the relationship between metabolites and sample groups. Different metabolites were selected based on the criteria of P<0.05 and variable importance in projection >1, which were then subjected to metabolic pathway enrichment analysis. Results A total of 157 CSVD patients were included, including 51 cognitively unimpaired CSVD patients and 106 cognitively impaired CSVD patients. Untargeted metabolomics analysis, conducted in both positive and negative ion modes, identified a total of 68 significantly different metabolites between the cognitively unimpaired and cognitively impaired CSVD groups. These metabolites primarily consisted of lipids and lipid-like molecules, amino acids and their metabolites, and steroid hormones. Among these, the serum levels of 21 metabolites were increased in patients with CSVD-related cognitive impairment, while the levels of 47 metabolites were decreased. Further enrichment analysis revealed that these differential metabolites were predominantly enriched in 11 metabolic pathways, which included signaling pathways such as sphingolipid metabolism, protein digestion and absorption, and amino acid biosynthesis. Conclusions Compared with cognitively unimpaired CSVD patients, those with cognitive impairment showed increased levels of endogenous sphingolipids, such as phytosphingosine, and decreased levels of essential amino acids, including valine and leucine, in their serum. This suggests that lipid metabolism reprogramming and energy metabolism disturbances may be the main metabolic features in CSVD-related cognitive impairment. These different metabolites not only serve as promising biomarker candidates for CSVD-related cognitive impairment, but also offer new directions for investigating its pathological mechanisms.
