Objective To study the effect of autogenous bone marrow on guided bone regeneration (GBR),and evaluate the repairing ability of GBR in bone defect with autogenous bone marrow. Methods Ten mm segmental defects were produced in both radii of 18 rabbits. The defect was bridged with a silicon tube. Autogenous bone marrow was injected into the tube on the experimental group at 0, 2,4 weeks after operation, and peripheralblood into the control group at thesame time. The X-ray, gross, histological and biochemical examinations were observed invarious times. Results The new bone formation of experimental group was prior to that of control group; calcium and alkaline phosphatase of experimental groupwere higher than those of control group. The experimental group had all been healed at the tenth week, but no one healed in control group. Conclusion It can be conclude that autogenous bone marrow can stimulate bone formation and facilitate GBR in bone defect.
ObjectiveTo investigate the relationship between hormone and liver regeneration.MethodsThe related literatures in recent years were collected and reviewed.ResultsHormone was related to liver regeneration significantly and participated the process of liver regeneration. It had a promotive or inhibitive role in liver regeneration.ConclusionHormone is one of the important factors in the regulation of liver regeneration.
ObjectiveTo summarize the progress of the roles and mechanisms of various types of stem cell-based treatments and their combination therapies in both animal studies and clinical trials of lymphedema. MethodsThe literature on stem cell-based treatments for lymphedema in recent years at home and abroad was extensively reviewed, and the animal studies and clinical trials on different types of stem cells for lymphedema were summarized.ResultsVarious types of stem cells have shown certain effects in animal studies and clinical trials on the treatment of lymphedema, mainly through local differentiation into lymphoid endothelial cells and paracrine cytokines with different functions. Current research focuses on two cell types, adipose derived stem cells and bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells, both of which have their own advantages and disadvantages, mainly reflected in the therapeutic effect of stem cells, the difficulty of obtaining stem cells and the content in vivo. In addition, stem cells can also play a synergistic role in combination with other treatments, such as conservative treatment, surgical intervention, cytokines, biological scaffolds, and so on. However, it is still limited to the basic research stage, and only a small number of studies have completed clinical trials. ConclusionStem cells have great transformation potential in the treatment of lymphedema, but there is no unified standard in the selection of cell types, the amount of transplanted cells, and the timing of transplantation.
ObjectiveTo review the research progress of peripheral nerve mismatch regeneration, and to provide reference for its related basic research and clinical treatment.MethodsThe pathophysiology of peripheral nerve after injury, several main factors affecting the mismatch regeneration of peripheral nerve, and the fate of axon after mismatch regeneration were summarized by referring to the relevant literature at home and abroad in recent years.ResultsDistal pathways and target organs can selectively affect the mismatch regeneration of peripheral nerves; different phenotypes of Schwann cells have different effects on the mismatch regeneration of peripheral nerves; studying the mechanism of action of exosomes from different Schwann cells on different types of axons can provide a new direction for solving the mismatch regeneration of peripheral nerves.ConclusionPeripheral nerve mismatch regeneration is affected by various factors. However, the specific mechanism and characteristics of these factors remain to be further studied.
OBJECTIVE: To explore the mechanism of tissue specificity of neurotropism in peripheral nerve regeneration, we investigated the biological characteristics of the nerve regeneration conditioned fluids(NRCF) on motoneuron of SD rats cultured in vitro. METHODS: Silicon chambers were sutured respectively to the distal stumps of motorial branch of femoral nerve and saphenous nerve to collect NRCF, namely MD-NRCF and SD-NRCF. The rats cortex motoneuron were divided into 4 groups and cocultured with MD-NRCF, SD-NRCF, b-FGF and serum-free medium respectively. The cultured cells were photoed under phase-contrast microscope, their longest neurites and cell-body areas were measured by cell image processing computer system. MTT automated colorimetric microassay was also adopted to quantify the activation of cultured motoneurons in each group. RESULTS: Cells of MD-NRCF group had longer neurites than those of the other three groups, and their activation was also superior to those of the other groups. CONCLUSION: The results suggest that MD-NRCF has more significantly neurite-promoting and neurobiological effects on motoneuron than SD-NRCF and b-FGF.
To investigate the objective method for electrophysiological examination in evaluating the functional recovery in motor nerve regeneration, 30 rabbits were divided into 5 groups randomly. The common peroneal nerve on left side of every rabbit was sectioned and repaired by epineural suture, while that of the right side was left intact as control. In 2nd, 4th, 8th, 12th and 16th week after operation, the muscle power and the changes of the electrophysiological parameters of the nerve and the muscle were determined dynamically. The linear correlation analysis was used to assess their relationship. The results showed that the electrophysiological parameters and muscle contractibility revealed signs of recovery in parallel. There was a significant linear relationship among the amplitude of the muscle action potential, velocity of nerve-muscle conductivity and muscle contractibility. The conclusion was that the electrophysiological examination of motor nerve and muscle could be used to assess the regeneration of the motor nerve, and it would also reflect the recovery of muscle contactibility in the early stage.
Twenty adult healthy rabbits were divided into 2 groups at random. Under the identical experimental conditions, cut the trunk of the right facial nerve. Two weeks later. the caudal end of the divided facial nerve was anastomized with the cephalad end of the divided main trunk of the nerve to the masseter muscle. The experimental group was stimulated by music, twenty minutes of each time, three times a day. From the results it was noted that the rate of growth of the nerve in the experimental group was more rapid than that of the contril group.
Degenerative disc disease is a prevalent chronic disease that orthopaedic surgeons currently face as a difficulty. Tissue engineering represents the most promising possible therapeutic strategy for disc repair and regeneration. Surgery is the primary treatment for degenerative disc disease, but there are still inherent limits in practical practice. Electrospinning technique is a method for manufacturing nanoscale fibers with varied mechanical properties, porosity, and orientation, which can imitate the structural qualities and mechanical properties of natural intervertebral discs. Therefore, electrospinning materials can be utilized for disc regeneration and replacement. This article reviews recent advancements in disc tissue engineering and electrostatically spun nanomaterials typically utilized for the fabrication of disc scaffolds, as well as present and future techniques that may enhance the performance of electrostatically spun fibers.
OBJECTIVE To investigate the effects of targeted muscular injection of ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF) on the regeneration of injured peripheral nerves. METHODS The left sciatic nerves of 80 Sprague-Dawley rats were excised to form 6 mm defect and the two ends were bridged by silicone tubes, they were randomly divided into two groups, CNTF group and normal saline (NS) group. The CNTF group was given recombinant human CNTF, 1 mg/kg every other day for 30 days, and the NS group was given equal quantity of normal saline as NS group. The sciatic nerve functional index (SFI), electrophysiological assessment, morphometric analysis of axons, and choleratoxin horseradish peroxidase (CB-HRP) retrograde-labelling were measured postoperatively. RESULTS The SFI, electrophysiological parameters (nerve conduction velocity, latency and amplitude of compound muscle action potentials), myelinated axons counts, mean axons diameters and myelin sheath thickness, number of CB-HRP labelled ventral horn motor neurons of spinal cord were significantly higher in CNTF group than that of NS group. CONCLUSION Targeted muscular injection of CNTF can promote the regeneration of peripheral nerve and improve the nerve functional recovery.
Objective To compare the effects of hypoxia-inducible drugs using deferoxamine (DFO) and accordion technique (AT) on activating the hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α)/vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) signaling pathway to promote bone regeneration and remodelling during consolidation phase of distraction osteogenesis (DO). Methods Forty-five specific-pathogen-free adult male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into the control group, DFO group, and AT group, with 15 rats in each group. All rats underwent osteotomy to establish a right femur DO model. Then, continuous distraction was started for 10 days after 5 days of latency in each group. During the consolidation phase after distraction, no intervention was performed in the control group; DFO was locally perfused into the distraction area in the DFO group starting at the 3rd week of consolidation phase; cyclic stress stimulation was given in the AT group starting at the 3rd week of consolidation phase. The general condition of rats in each group was observed. X-ray films were conducted at the end of the distraction phase and at the 2nd, 4th, and 6th weeks of the consolidation phase to observe the calcification in the distraction area. At the 4th and 6th weeks of the consolidation phase, peripheral blood was taken for ELISA detection (HIF-1α, VEGF, CD31, and Osterix), femoral specimens were harvested for gross observation, histological staining (HE staining), and immunohistochemical staining [HIF-1α, VEGF, osteopontin (OPN), osteocalcin (OCN)]. At the 6th week of the consolidation phase, Micro-CT was used to observe the new bone mineral density (BMD), bone volume/tissue volume (BV/TV), trabecular separation (Tb.Sp), trabecular number (Tb.N), and trabecular thickness (Tb.Th) in the distraction area, and biomechanical test (ultimate load, elastic modulus, energy to failure, and stiffness) to detect bone regeneration in the distraction area. Results The rats in all groups survived until the termination of the experiment. ELISA showed that the contents of HIF-1α, VEGF, CD31, and Osterix in the serum of the AT group were significantly higher than those of the DFO group and control group at the 4th and 6th weeks of the consolidation phase (P<0.05). General observation, X-ray films, Micro-CT, and biomechanical test showed that bone formation in the femoral distraction area was significantly better in the DFO group and AT group than in the control group, and complete recanalization of the medullary cavity was achieved in the AT group, and BMD, BV/TV, Tb.Sp, Tb.N, and Tb.Th, as well as ultimate load, elastic modulus, energy to failure, and stiffness in the distraction area, were better in the AT group than in the DFO group and control group, and the differences were significant (P<0.05). HE staining showed that trabecular bone formation and maturation in the distraction area were better in the AT group than in the DFO group and control group. Immunohistochemical staining showed that at the 4th week of consolidation phase, the expression levels of HIF-1α, VEGF, OCN, and OPN in the distraction area of the AT group were significantly higher than those of the DFO group and control group (P<0.05); however, at 6th week of consolidation phase, the above indicators were lower in the AT group than in the DFO group and control group, but there was no significant difference between groups (P>0.05). Conclusion Both continuous local perfusion of DFO in the distraction area and AT during the consolidation phase can activate the HIF-1α/VEGF signaling pathway. However, AT is more effective than local perfusion of DFO in promoting the process of angiogenesis, osteogenesis, and bone remodelling.
