The incidence of tinnitus is very high, which can affect the patient’s attention, emotion and sleep, and even cause serious psychological distress and suicidal tendency. Currently, there is no uniform and objective method for tinnitus detection and therapy, and the mechanism of tinnitus is still unclear. In this study, we first collected the resting state electroencephalogram (EEG) data of tinnitus patients and healthy subjects. Then the power spectrum topology diagrams were compared of in the band of δ (0.5–3 Hz), θ (4–7 Hz), α (8–13 Hz), β (14–30 Hz) and γ (31–50 Hz) to explore the central mechanism of tinnitus. A total of 16 tinnitus patients and 16 healthy subjects were recruited to participate in the experiment. The results of resting state EEG experiments found that the spectrum power value of tinnitus patients was higher than that of healthy subjects in all concerned frequency bands. The t-test results showed that the significant difference areas were mainly concentrated in the right temporal lobe of the θ and α band, and the temporal lobe, parietal lobe and forehead area of the β and γ band. In addition, we designed an attention-related task experiment to further study the relationship between tinnitus and attention. The results showed that the classification accuracy of tinnitus patients was significantly lower than that of healthy subjects, and the highest classification accuracies were 80.21% and 88.75%, respectively. The experimental results indicate that tinnitus may cause the decrease of patients’ attention.
Objective To explore the number variation trend of inpatients with traumatic brain injury (TBI) in high altitude and plain areas. Methods The first page information in medical records of TBI patients, who were admitted to military hospitals from 2001 to 2007, was searched and extracted from the Chinese Trauma Database. Two military hospitals in high altitude area and another two in the same hospital level in plain area were selected. Then, the number variation trend of TBI inpatients in those two areas was compared. Results In high altitude area, the proportion of male patients and their median inpatient days were higher, while the age, proportion of Han patients and surgery rate were lower than those in plain area (all Plt;0.001). During 2001-2007, there were 9 141 TBI patients discharged from the four hospitals, and the average annual growth rate was 13.15%. In high altitude area, the average annual growth rate of discharged inpatients was 24.00%, while in plain area, it was just 7.09%. The 4 common categories of TBI were intracranial injury, open wound of the head, neck and trunk, skull fracture, and other injuries. Conclusion Compared with the plain area, there are significant differences in the demographics, hospital stay and surgery of inpatients in high altitude area. The average annual growth rate of TBI inpatients discharged from hospitals in high altitude area is faster than that in plain area, to which should be paid attention by relevant departments.
ObjectiveTo systematically review the association between maternal folate supplementation during pregnancy and the risk of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in the offspring.MethodsPubMed, EMbase, Web of Science, The Cochrane Library, Scopus, CNKI, WanFang Data, VIP and CBM databases were electronically searched to collect case-control and cohort studies on the association between maternal folate supplementation during pregnancy and the risk of ASD in the offspring from inception to December 2020. Two reviewers independently screened literature, extracted data and assessed the risk of bias of included studies. Meta-analysis was then performed using RevMan 5.3 and Stata 14.0 software.ResultsA total of 17 studies involving 10 812 cases and 876 241 controls were included. The results of meta-analysis showed that there was no significant association between maternal folate supplementation during pregnancy and the risk of ASD in the offspring in the total population. The subgroup analysis revealed that maternal folate supplementation during pregnancy was statistically associated with a reduced risk of ASD in the offspring in the Asian population (OR=0.71, 95%CI 0.53 to 0.96, P=0.03). However, there were no statistical correlations in European and American populations.ConclusionsCurrent evidence shows that maternal folate supplementation during pregnancy may reduce the risk of ASD in the offspring in the Asian population. Due to limited quality and quantity of the included studies, more high-quality studies are required to verify the above conclusions.
Atrial fibrillation (AF) is one of the most common arrhythmias, which does great harm to patients. Effective methods were urgently required to prevent the recurrence of AF. Four methods were used to analyze RR sequence in this paper, and differences between Pre-AF (preceding an episode of AF) and Normal period (far away from episodes of AF) were analyzed to find discriminative criterion. These methods are: power spectral analysis, approximate entropy (ApEn) and sample entropy (SpEn) analysis, recurrence analysis and time series symbolization. The RR sequence data used in this research were downloaded from the Paroxysmal Atrial Fibrillation Prediction Database. Supporting vector machine (SVM) classification was used to evaluate the methods by calculating sensitivity, specificity and accuracy rate. The results showed that the comprehensive utilization of recurrence analysis parameters reached the highest accuracy rate (95%); power spectrum analysis took second place (90%); while the results of entropy analyses and time sequence symbolization were not satisfactory, whose accuracy were both only 70%. In conclusion, the recurrence analysis and power spectrum could be adopted to evaluate the atrial chaotic state effectively, thus having certain reference value for prediction of AF recurrence.
The present research aims to point out the long-existing defect of analyzing the spectrum diagram only from the perspective of haemodynamics instead of haemorheology. In the light of the theories of haemodynamics and haemorheology, the causes of spectrum diagram formation of carotid artery blood at the rapid and slow flow can be clarified completely and accurately. Four conclusions have been drawn in the end. As long as the velocity gradient is large enough, obvious red blood cells concentrate to the shaft even in the big or bigger blood vessels; the spectrum diagram is the powerful proof of the two phase flow model of blood; the spectrum diagram can be completely and accurately analyzed only by combining haemodynamics with haemorheology; and only when the red blood cells concentrate to the shaft, the big or bigger blood vessels can be regarded as haemogeneous fluid.
The pachychoroid spectrum disorders (PSD) refers to a group of clinical disorders characterized by common features of pathological choroidal thickening and potential pathogenic mechanisms. The pathological mechanism of PSD is very complex, and the theory of venous overload provides valuable research directions. The multimodal imaging technology represented by optical coherence tomography angiography has continuously evolved to provide clear and three-dimensional images of the fundus, making it easier to diagnose and monitor PSD at an early stage. There is no unified consensus on how to develop a treatment plan for PSD, and current research has shown that feasible treatments include drug therapy, laser photocoagulation therapy, and photodynamic therapy. However, the evidence of effectiveness and safety provided by these studies is still not sufficient. Surgery and integrative Chinese and Western medicine may provide new prospects for the treatment of PSD. In the future, it is necessary to further develop reasonable research programs, expand the sample size, strengthen follow-up observation, and provide more safe and effective treatment programs for patients.
Objective To summarize the basic principle of electrical impedance spectrum technology and the latest progress in the diagnosis of thyroid carcinoma. Methods By the domestic and overseas literatures review， medical application and diagnostic prospect in thyroid carcinoma of electrical impedance spectrum were summarized. Results Electrical impedance spectrum was a kind of somatic function imaging， whose measurement results was objective， and it could diagnose thyroid carcinoma in early stage effectively. In addition， it could be used as a complementary form of fine needle aspiration biopsy， improving the diagnostic accuracy rate of thyroid carcinoma， thereby reducing the unessential thyroid operations. Conclusion Electrical impedance spectrum technology is a potentially useful imaging modality for diagnosing thyroid carcinoma in early stage， and functions as a auxiliary clinical diagnosis method for fine needle aspiration biopsy.
Objective To explore the intervention effect of music therapy on children with autism spectrum disorder. Methods The China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang, Chongqing VIP, PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library were searched by computer to comprehensively collect randomized controlled trials on the intervention effect of music therapy on children with autism spectrum disorder. The search period was from the establishment of the database to December 31, 2022. RevMan 5.4 software was used for meta-analysis. Results Finally, 20 articles were included, including 913 cases in the music therapy group and 811 cases in the control group, with a total sample size of 1724 cases. The meta-analysis results showed that the overall treatment effect [standardized mean difference (SMD)=?0.95, 95% confidence interval (CI) (?1.12, ?0.78)], the treatment effect of language [SMD=?0.71, 95%CI (?0.84, ?0.57)], behavior [SMD=?0.65, 95%CI (?0.78, ?0.52)], social interaction [SMD=?0.52, 95%CI (?0.63, ?0.40)], cognition [SMD=1.37, 95%CI (1.00, 1.74)] and sensory perception [SMD=?0.89, 95%CI (?1.03, ?0.74)] of the music therapy group were better than those of the control group (P<0.05). Conclusion The existing data show that music therapy applied to children with autism spectrum disorder can effectively improve their language, behavior, social interaction, cognition, and sensory perception, thereby having a positive impact on the overall treatment effect of children. However, due to the limitations of the number and quality of included studies, more high-quality studies are needed to verify.
This study aims to propose a multifrequency time-difference algorithm using spectral constraints. Based on the knowledge of tissue spectrum in the imaging domain, the fraction model was used in conjunction with the finite element method (FEM) to approximate a conductivity distribution. Then a frequency independent parameter (volume or area fraction change) was reconstructed which made it possible to simultaneously employ multifrequency time-difference boundary voltage data and then reduce the degrees of freedom of the reconstruction problem. Furthermore, this will alleviate the illness of the EIT inverse problem and lead to a better reconstruction result. The numerical validation results suggested that the proposed time-difference fraction reconstruction algorithm behaved better than traditional damped least squares algorithm (DLS) especially in the noise suppression capability. Moreover, under the condition of low signal-to-noise ratio, the proposed algorithm had a more obvious advantage in reconstructions of targets shape and position. This algorithm provides an efficient way to simultaneously utilize multifrequency measurement data for time-difference EIT, and leads to a more accurate reconstruction result. It may show us a new direction for the development of time-difference EIT algorithms in the case that the tissue spectrums are known.
Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is a non-invasive low-current brain stimulation technique, which is mainly based on the different polarity of electrode stimulation to make the activation threshold of neurons different, thereby regulating the excitability of the cerebral cortex. In this paper, healthy subjects were randomly divided into three groups: anodal stimulation group, cathodal stimulation group and sham stimulation group, with 5 subjects in each group. Then, the performance data of the three groups of subjects were recorded before and after stimulation to test their mental rotation ability, and resting state and task state electroencephalogram (EEG) data were collected. Finally, through comparative analysis of the behavioral data and EEG data of the three groups of subjects, the effect of electrical stimulation of different polarities on the three-dimensional mental rotation ability was explored. The results of the study found that the correct response time/accuracy rate and the accuracy rate performance of the anodal stimulation group were higher than those of the cathodal stimulation and sham stimulation groups, and there was a significant difference (P < 0.05). The alpha wave power analysis found that the mental rotation mainly activates the frontal lobe, central area, parietal lobe and occipital lobe. In the anodal stimulation group, the alpha wave power changed significantly in the frontal lobe and occipital lobe (P < 0.05). The results of this paper show that anodal stimulation group can improve the mental rotation ability of the subjects to a certain extent. The results of this paper can provide important theoretical support for further research on the mechanism of tDCS on mental rotation ability.
