Research progress of surgical treatment of thoracolumbar spinal tuberculosis_Chinese Journal of Reparative and Reconstructive Surgery

Authors：

GAO Yongjian ¹ ,  OU Yunsheng ² , QUAN Zhengxue ² , JIANG Dianming ¹

1. Department of Orthopedics, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 401120, P.R.China;
2. Department of Orthopedics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400010, P.R.China;

Corresponding?author：

OU Yunsheng, Email: ouyunsheng2001@163.com

Keywords：

Spinal tuberculosis; surgical approach; bone graft fusion; internal fixation; bone graft material

DOI：

10.7507/1002-1892.201705124

Video：

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Abstract Full text Figures/Tables Video References Cited by

Objective To review the progress of surgical treatment for the thoracolumbar spinal tuberculosis. Methods The related literature of surgical treatment for the thoracolumbar spinal tuberculosis was reviewed and analyzed from the aspects such as surgical approach, fixed segments, fusion ranges, bone graft, and bone graft material research progress. Results Most scholars prefer anterior or combined posterior approach for surgical treatment of thoracic and lumbar tuberculosis because it possessed advantage of precise effectiveness. In recent years, a simple posterior surgery achieved satisfactory effectiveness. The fixation segments are mainly composed of short segments or intervertebral fixation. The interbody fusion is better for the bone graft fusion range and manner, and the bone graft materials is most satisfied with autologous iliac Cage or titanium Cage filled with autologous cancellous bone. Conclusion The perfect strategy for treating the thoracolumbar spinal tuberculosis has not yet been developed, and the personalized therapy for different patients warrants further study.

Citation： GAO Yongjian, OU Yunsheng, QUAN Zhengxue, JIANG Dianming. Research progress of surgical treatment of thoracolumbar spinal tuberculosis. Chinese Journal of Reparative and Reconstructive Surgery, 2018, 32(1): 112-117. doi: 10.7507/1002-1892.201705124 Copy

1.	WHO/Europe. Status paper on prisons and tuberculosis. Pris?es, 2007.
2.	Organization WH. Global Tuberculosis Control: WHO Report 2011. Australian & New Zealand Journal of Public Health, 2012, 36(5): 497-498.
3.	Dara M, Kremer K, Huitric E, et al. Tuberculosis surveillance and monitoring in Europe 2012. Stockholm: European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control, 2012.
4.	Tuli SM. Tuberculosis of the spine: a historical review. Clin Orthop Relat Res, 2007, 460: 29-38.
5.	Tuli SM. Historical aspects of Pott’s disease (spinal tuberculosis) management. Eur Spine J, 2013, 22 Suppl 4: 529-538.
6.	Jutte PC, Van Loenhout-Rooyackers JH. Routine surgery in addition to chemotherapy for treating spinal tuberculosis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev, 2006, 25(1): CD004532.
7.	Nene A, Bhojraj S. Results of nonsurgical treatment of thoracic spinal tuberculosis in adult. Spine J, 2005, 5(1): 79-84.
8.	Sai Kiran NA, Vaishya S, Kale SS, et al. Surgical results in patients with tuberculosis of the spine and severe lower-extremity motor deficits: a retrospective study of 48 patients. J Neurosurg Spine, 2007, 6(4): 320-326.
9.	Garg RK, Somvanshi DS. Spinal tuberculosis: a review. J Spinal Cord Med, 2011, 34(5): 440-454.
10.	Zhang H, Zeng K, Yin X, et al. Debridement, internal fixation, and reconstruction using titanium mesh for the surgical treatment of thoracic and lumbar spinal tuberculosis via a posterior-only approach: a 4-year follow-up of 28 patients. J Orthop Surg Res, 2015, 10: 150.
11.	Gao Y, Ou Y, Deng Q, et al. Comparison between titanium mesh and autogenous iliac bone graft to restore vertebral height through posterior approach for the treatment of thoracic and lumbar spinal tuberculosis. PLoS One, 2017, 12(4): e0175567.
12.	許建中. 規范脊柱結核治療, 為我國結核病防治做出更大貢獻. 中華骨科雜志, 2014, 34(2): 97-101.
13.	Yin XH, Zhou ZH, Yu HG, et al. Comparison between the antero-posterior and posterior only approaches for treating thoracolumbar tuberculosis (T₁₀-L₂) with kyphosis in children: a minimum 3-year follow-up. Childs Nerv Syst, 2016, 32(1): 127-133.
14.	Zeng H, Zhang P, Shen X, et al. One-stage posterior-only approach in surgical treatment of single-segment thoracic spinal tuberculosis with neurological deficits in adults: a retrospective study of 34 cases. BMC Musculoskelet Disord, 2015, 16: 186.
15.	Azam MQ, Sadat-Ali M. The Concept of Evolution of Thoracolumbar Fracture Classifications Helps in Surgical Decisions. Asian Spine J, 2015, 9(6): 984-994.
16.	Wang LJ, Zhang HQ, Tang MX, et al. Comparison of Three Surgical Approaches for Thoracic Spinal Tuberculosis in Adult: Minimum 5-Year Follow-Up. Spine (Phila Pa 1976), 2017, 42(11): 808-817.
17.	Yang P, Zang Q, Kang J, et al. Comparison of clinical efficacy and safety among three surgical approaches for the treatment of spinal tuberculosis: a meta-analysis. Eur Spine J, 2016, 25(12): 3862-3874.
18.	Zeng H, Shen X, Luo C, et al. Comparison of three surgical approaches for cervicothoracic spinal tuberculosis: a retrospective case-control study. J Orthop Surg Res, 2015, 10: 100.
19.	Mihir B, Vinod L, Umesh M, et al. Anterior instrumentation of the cervicothoracic vertebrae: approach based on clinical and radiologic criteria. Spine (Phila Pa 1976), 2006, 31(9): E244-249.
20.	張澤華, 陳非凡, 李建華, 等. 不同類型腰骶椎結核手術治療方式的有效性和安全性研究. 中華骨科雜志, 2016, 36(11): 662-671.
21.	楊寅, 張延平, 賀西京, 等. 一期側前路雙釘棒系統固定治療腰骶段脊柱結核. 中華骨科雜志, 2016, 36(4): 208-214.
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26.	Jin W, Wang Z. Clinical evaluation of the stability of single-segment short pedicle screw fixation for the reconstruction of lumbar and sacral tuberculosis lesions. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg, 2012, 132(10): 1429-1435.
27.	唐永超, 梁德, 江曉兵, 等. 一期經后路固定聯合側前方入路病灶清除植骨融合術治療老年下腰椎結核. 中國修復重建外科雜志, 2013, 27(3): 383-383.
28.	Cantasdemir M, Kara B, Cebi D, et al. Computed tomography-guided percutaneous catheter drainage of primary and secondary iliopsoas. Clin Radiol, 2003, 58(10): 811-815.
29.	Tsagouli P, Sotiropoulou E, Filippousis P. Contribution of computed tomography guided percutaneous drainage of tuberculous cold abscesses adjunctive to pharmaceutical anti-tubercular treatment. Eur J Radiol, 2012, 81(3): 562-565.
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31.	Zhang XF, Wang Y, Xiao SH, et al. Treatment of lumbar and lumbosacral spinal tuberculosis with minimally invasive surgery. OrthopSurg, 2010, 2(1): 64-70.
32.	Yang H, Hou K, Zhang L, et al. Minimally invasive surgery through the interlaminar approach in the treatment of spinal tuberculosis: A retrospective study of 31 patients. J Clin Neurosci, 2016, 32: 9-13.
33.	Garg N, Vohra R. Minimally invasive surgical approaches in the management of tuberculosis of the thoracic and lumbar spine. Clin OrthopRelat Res, 2014, 472(6): 1855-1867.
34.	劉立岷, 宋躍明, 龔全, 等. 數字技術支撐胸腔鏡下胸椎結核病灶清除植骨內固定的臨床研究. 中國修復重建外科雜志, 2014, 28(1): 64-68.
35.	陳榮春, 陳云生, 曾云峰, 等. 腹腔鏡輔助下聯合側前方小切口腹膜后入路治療腰椎結核. 中國修復重建外科雜志, 2014, 28(11): 1364-1367.
36.	施建黨, 劉園園, 王騫, 等. 病椎固定治療胸、腰椎結核的療效分析. 中華骨科雜志, 2016, 36(11): 681-690.
37.	Virk SS, Niedermeier S, Yu E, et al. Adjacent segment disease. Orthopedics, 2014, 37(8): 547-555.
38.	施建黨, 王騫, 王自立. 胸、腰椎結核融合及內固定范圍的合理選擇. 中華骨科雜志, 2016, 36(11): 745-752.
39.	董健文, 馮豐, 趙衛東, 等. 雙節段后路腰椎椎體間融合術單側椎弓根釘固定的生物力學穩定性. 中華外科雜志, 2011, 49(5): 436-439.
40.	Li M, Du J, Meng H, et al. One-stage surgical management for thoracic tuberculosis by anterior debridement, decompression and autogenous rib grafts, and instrumentation. Spine J, 2011, 11(8): 726-733.
41.	武啟軍, 王自立, 戈朝暉, 等. 脊柱單節段前中柱切除后不同節段椎弓根螺釘內固定的穩定性測試. 中國脊柱脊髓雜志, 2010, 20(4): 267-271.
42.	胡豇, 王躍, 劉仲前, 等. 胸腰椎結核重度后凸畸形并截癱的手術治療. 中國修復重建外科雜志, 2014, 28(9): 1110-1114.
43.	Jin W, Wang Q, Wang Z, et al. Complete debridement for treatment of thoracolumbar spinal tuberculosis: a clinical curative effect observation. Spine J, 2014, 14(6): 964-970.
44.	歐云生, 安洪, 權正學, 等. 前路病灶徹底清除植骨內固定治療胸腰椎結核. 重慶醫科大學學報, 2003, 28(5): 617-619.
45.	金衛東, 王騫, 王自立, 等. 徹底與非徹底病灶清除術治療脊柱結核的比較. 中華骨科雜志, 2014, 34(2): 196-205.
46.	瞿東濱, 金大地. 正確認識脊柱結核病灶清除術. 中國脊柱脊髓雜志, 2008, 18(8): 565-567.
47.	宋躍明. 如何理解脊柱結核病灶徹底清除? 中國脊柱脊髓雜志, 2010, 20(10): 798.
48.	Zhong WY, Xiong GZ, Wang B, et al. Surgical Management for Thoracic Spinal Tuberculosis Posterior Only versus Anterior Video-Assisted Thoracoscopic Surgery. PLoS One, 2015, 10(3): e0119759.
49.	Hou K, Yang H, Zhang L, et al. Stepwise Therapy for Treating Tuberculosis of the Upper Cervical Spine: A Retrospective Study of 11 Patients. Eur Neurol, 2015, 74(1-2): 100-106.
50.	Gong K, Wang Z, Luo Z. Single-stage posterior debridement and transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion with autogenous bone grafting and posterior instrumentation in the surgical management of lumbar tuberculosis. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg, 2011, 131(2): 217-223.
51.	Gao Z, Wang M, Zhu W, et al. Tuberculosis of ultralong segmental thoracic and lumbar vertebrae treated by posterior fixation and cleaning of the infection center through a cross-window. Spine J, 2015, 15(1): 71-78.
52.	English A I. Tuberculosis. The WHO/IUATLD Global Project on Antituberculosis Drug-Resistance Surveillance. Wkly Epidemiol Rec, 1996, 71(38): 281-285.
53.	Chen ST, Zhao LP, Dong WJ, et al. The Clinical Features and Bacteriological Characterizations of Bone and Joint Tuberculosis in China. Sci Rep, 2015, 5: 11084.
54.	羅卓荊. 脊柱結核為什么要徹底清除病灶? 中國脊柱脊髓雜志, 2010, 20(10): 797-798.
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58.	Sundararaj GD, Amritanand R, Venkatesh K, et al. The use of titanium mesh cages in the reconstruction of anterior column defects in active spinal infections: can we rest the crest? Asian Spine J, 2011, 5(3): 155-161.
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1. WHO/Europe. Status paper on prisons and tuberculosis. Pris?es, 2007.
2. Organization WH. Global Tuberculosis Control: WHO Report 2011. Australian & New Zealand Journal of Public Health, 2012, 36(5): 497-498.
3. Dara M, Kremer K, Huitric E, et al. Tuberculosis surveillance and monitoring in Europe 2012. Stockholm: European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control, 2012.
4. Tuli SM. Tuberculosis of the spine: a historical review. Clin Orthop Relat Res, 2007, 460: 29-38.
5. Tuli SM. Historical aspects of Pott’s disease (spinal tuberculosis) management. Eur Spine J, 2013, 22 Suppl 4: 529-538.
6. Jutte PC, Van Loenhout-Rooyackers JH. Routine surgery in addition to chemotherapy for treating spinal tuberculosis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev, 2006, 25(1): CD004532.
7. Nene A, Bhojraj S. Results of nonsurgical treatment of thoracic spinal tuberculosis in adult. Spine J, 2005, 5(1): 79-84.
8. Sai Kiran NA, Vaishya S, Kale SS, et al. Surgical results in patients with tuberculosis of the spine and severe lower-extremity motor deficits: a retrospective study of 48 patients. J Neurosurg Spine, 2007, 6(4): 320-326.
9. Garg RK, Somvanshi DS. Spinal tuberculosis: a review. J Spinal Cord Med, 2011, 34(5): 440-454.
10. Zhang H, Zeng K, Yin X, et al. Debridement, internal fixation, and reconstruction using titanium mesh for the surgical treatment of thoracic and lumbar spinal tuberculosis via a posterior-only approach: a 4-year follow-up of 28 patients. J Orthop Surg Res, 2015, 10: 150.
11. Gao Y, Ou Y, Deng Q, et al. Comparison between titanium mesh and autogenous iliac bone graft to restore vertebral height through posterior approach for the treatment of thoracic and lumbar spinal tuberculosis. PLoS One, 2017, 12(4): e0175567.
12. 許建中. 規范脊柱結核治療, 為我國結核病防治做出更大貢獻. 中華骨科雜志, 2014, 34(2): 97-101.
13. Yin XH, Zhou ZH, Yu HG, et al. Comparison between the antero-posterior and posterior only approaches for treating thoracolumbar tuberculosis (T₁₀-L₂) with kyphosis in children: a minimum 3-year follow-up. Childs Nerv Syst, 2016, 32(1): 127-133.
14. Zeng H, Zhang P, Shen X, et al. One-stage posterior-only approach in surgical treatment of single-segment thoracic spinal tuberculosis with neurological deficits in adults: a retrospective study of 34 cases. BMC Musculoskelet Disord, 2015, 16: 186.
15. Azam MQ, Sadat-Ali M. The Concept of Evolution of Thoracolumbar Fracture Classifications Helps in Surgical Decisions. Asian Spine J, 2015, 9(6): 984-994.
16. Wang LJ, Zhang HQ, Tang MX, et al. Comparison of Three Surgical Approaches for Thoracic Spinal Tuberculosis in Adult: Minimum 5-Year Follow-Up. Spine (Phila Pa 1976), 2017, 42(11): 808-817.
17. Yang P, Zang Q, Kang J, et al. Comparison of clinical efficacy and safety among three surgical approaches for the treatment of spinal tuberculosis: a meta-analysis. Eur Spine J, 2016, 25(12): 3862-3874.
18. Zeng H, Shen X, Luo C, et al. Comparison of three surgical approaches for cervicothoracic spinal tuberculosis: a retrospective case-control study. J Orthop Surg Res, 2015, 10: 100.
19. Mihir B, Vinod L, Umesh M, et al. Anterior instrumentation of the cervicothoracic vertebrae: approach based on clinical and radiologic criteria. Spine (Phila Pa 1976), 2006, 31(9): E244-249.
20. 張澤華, 陳非凡, 李建華, 等. 不同類型腰骶椎結核手術治療方式的有效性和安全性研究. 中華骨科雜志, 2016, 36(11): 662-671.
21. 楊寅, 張延平, 賀西京, 等. 一期側前路雙釘棒系統固定治療腰骶段脊柱結核. 中華骨科雜志, 2016, 36(4): 208-214.
22. Panchmatia JR, Lenke LG, Molloy S, et al. Review article: Surgical approaches for correction of post-tubercular kyphosis. J Orthop Surg (Hong Kong), 2015, 23(3): 391-394.
23. Singh K, Vaccaro AR, Kim J, et al. Biomechanical comparison of cervical spine reconstructive techniques after a multilevel corpectomy of the cervical spine. Spine (Phila Pa 1976), 2003, 28(20): 2352-2358.
24. Pu X, Zhou Q, He Q, et al. A posterior versus anterior surgical approach in combination with debridement, interbody autografting and instrumentation for thoracic and lumbar tuberculosis. Int Orthop, 2012, 36(2): 307-313.
25. Zhang HQ, Li JS, Zhao SS, et al. Surgical management for thoracic spinal tuberculosis in the elderly: posterior only versus combined posterior and anterior approaches. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg, 2012, 132(12): 1717-1723.
26. Jin W, Wang Z. Clinical evaluation of the stability of single-segment short pedicle screw fixation for the reconstruction of lumbar and sacral tuberculosis lesions. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg, 2012, 132(10): 1429-1435.
27. 唐永超, 梁德, 江曉兵, 等. 一期經后路固定聯合側前方入路病灶清除植骨融合術治療老年下腰椎結核. 中國修復重建外科雜志, 2013, 27(3): 383-383.
28. Cantasdemir M, Kara B, Cebi D, et al. Computed tomography-guided percutaneous catheter drainage of primary and secondary iliopsoas. Clin Radiol, 2003, 58(10): 811-815.
29. Tsagouli P, Sotiropoulou E, Filippousis P. Contribution of computed tomography guided percutaneous drainage of tuberculous cold abscesses adjunctive to pharmaceutical anti-tubercular treatment. Eur J Radiol, 2012, 81(3): 562-565.
30. Manoharan SR, Leitao J, Emberton P, et al. A large tuberculosis abscess causing spinal cord compression of the cervico-thoracic region in a young child. Eur Spine J, 2013, 22(7): 1459-1463.
31. Zhang XF, Wang Y, Xiao SH, et al. Treatment of lumbar and lumbosacral spinal tuberculosis with minimally invasive surgery. OrthopSurg, 2010, 2(1): 64-70.
32. Yang H, Hou K, Zhang L, et al. Minimally invasive surgery through the interlaminar approach in the treatment of spinal tuberculosis: A retrospective study of 31 patients. J Clin Neurosci, 2016, 32: 9-13.
33. Garg N, Vohra R. Minimally invasive surgical approaches in the management of tuberculosis of the thoracic and lumbar spine. Clin OrthopRelat Res, 2014, 472(6): 1855-1867.
34. 劉立岷, 宋躍明, 龔全, 等. 數字技術支撐胸腔鏡下胸椎結核病灶清除植骨內固定的臨床研究. 中國修復重建外科雜志, 2014, 28(1): 64-68.
35. 陳榮春, 陳云生, 曾云峰, 等. 腹腔鏡輔助下聯合側前方小切口腹膜后入路治療腰椎結核. 中國修復重建外科雜志, 2014, 28(11): 1364-1367.
36. 施建黨, 劉園園, 王騫, 等. 病椎固定治療胸、腰椎結核的療效分析. 中華骨科雜志, 2016, 36(11): 681-690.
37. Virk SS, Niedermeier S, Yu E, et al. Adjacent segment disease. Orthopedics, 2014, 37(8): 547-555.
38. 施建黨, 王騫, 王自立. 胸、腰椎結核融合及內固定范圍的合理選擇. 中華骨科雜志, 2016, 36(11): 745-752.
39. 董健文, 馮豐, 趙衛東, 等. 雙節段后路腰椎椎體間融合術單側椎弓根釘固定的生物力學穩定性. 中華外科雜志, 2011, 49(5): 436-439.
40. Li M, Du J, Meng H, et al. One-stage surgical management for thoracic tuberculosis by anterior debridement, decompression and autogenous rib grafts, and instrumentation. Spine J, 2011, 11(8): 726-733.
41. 武啟軍, 王自立, 戈朝暉, 等. 脊柱單節段前中柱切除后不同節段椎弓根螺釘內固定的穩定性測試. 中國脊柱脊髓雜志, 2010, 20(4): 267-271.
42. 胡豇, 王躍, 劉仲前, 等. 胸腰椎結核重度后凸畸形并截癱的手術治療. 中國修復重建外科雜志, 2014, 28(9): 1110-1114.
43. Jin W, Wang Q, Wang Z, et al. Complete debridement for treatment of thoracolumbar spinal tuberculosis: a clinical curative effect observation. Spine J, 2014, 14(6): 964-970.
44. 歐云生, 安洪, 權正學, 等. 前路病灶徹底清除植骨內固定治療胸腰椎結核. 重慶醫科大學學報, 2003, 28(5): 617-619.
45. 金衛東, 王騫, 王自立, 等. 徹底與非徹底病灶清除術治療脊柱結核的比較. 中華骨科雜志, 2014, 34(2): 196-205.
46. 瞿東濱, 金大地. 正確認識脊柱結核病灶清除術. 中國脊柱脊髓雜志, 2008, 18(8): 565-567.
47. 宋躍明. 如何理解脊柱結核病灶徹底清除? 中國脊柱脊髓雜志, 2010, 20(10): 798.
48. Zhong WY, Xiong GZ, Wang B, et al. Surgical Management for Thoracic Spinal Tuberculosis Posterior Only versus Anterior Video-Assisted Thoracoscopic Surgery. PLoS One, 2015, 10(3): e0119759.
49. Hou K, Yang H, Zhang L, et al. Stepwise Therapy for Treating Tuberculosis of the Upper Cervical Spine: A Retrospective Study of 11 Patients. Eur Neurol, 2015, 74(1-2): 100-106.
50. Gong K, Wang Z, Luo Z. Single-stage posterior debridement and transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion with autogenous bone grafting and posterior instrumentation in the surgical management of lumbar tuberculosis. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg, 2011, 131(2): 217-223.
51. Gao Z, Wang M, Zhu W, et al. Tuberculosis of ultralong segmental thoracic and lumbar vertebrae treated by posterior fixation and cleaning of the infection center through a cross-window. Spine J, 2015, 15(1): 71-78.
52. English A I. Tuberculosis. The WHO/IUATLD Global Project on Antituberculosis Drug-Resistance Surveillance. Wkly Epidemiol Rec, 1996, 71(38): 281-285.
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Chinese Journal of Reparative and Reconstructive Surgery

Research progress of surgical treatment of thoracolumbar spinal tuberculosis

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