Objective To investigate financial burden of in-patients with hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal gland/gonad diseases in the West China Hospital of Sichuan University, 2011, so as to provide baseline data for further research. Methods The data of in-patients (who had been discharged from the department of endocrinology and metabolism or discharged after being transferred to other departments for diagnosis and treatment in the West China Hospital in 2011) were collected from the Hospital Information System (HIS) of the West China Hospital, including basic information, initial diagnosis when the patients were discharged, hospital costs, the information about whether the patients had been registered the insurance in hospital, etc. We classified diseases according to ICD-10 based on the initial diagnosis when the patients were discharged on the first page of case reports. The data were input using Excel 2010 software, and statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 13.0 software. Results The results showed that: in 2011, 352 person-times of in-patients with hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal gland/gonad disease as first diagnosis were hospitalized in the department of endocrinology and metabolism, of which, 139 were male and 213 were female, with mean age of 42.9±15.0 years; and b) median hospital stay was 11 days, the average cost of hospital stay for each patient was RMB 4 361.09 yuan, most of which was for lab tests, examination, and biomedicine cost. Conclusion Hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal gland/gonad diseases are an important health problem in the department of endocrinology and metabolism in a Triple-A Hospital. Most of hospitalization costs are for lab tests, examination, and biomedicine cost.
ObjectivesTo conduct a bibliometric analysis to research the status of disease burden domestically and overseas so as to understand the status of diseases burden, and to provide scientific and reasonable reference for health disease prevention, control strategies formulation and future research.MethodsPubMed, Web of Science, EMbase, The Cochrane Library, WanFang Data, CBM and CNKI databases were electronically searched to collect literature on disease burden from inception to October, 2018. Two reviewers independently screened literature and extracted data. EndNote X7 software was used for literature management, Excel 2016 software and VOS viewer software were also used to analyze data. Literature was classified by the aspects of literature publication characteristics, diseases, background areas, influencing factors, evaluation indicators and poverty caused by illness.ResultsA total of 325 studies were included in the bibliometric analysis. 41 articles (12.6%) were published in journals indexed by SCIE; original research evidence accounted for 97.0% (315 articles); 272 articles were from China (83.7%). The main diseases involved were malignant tumors (58 articles, 17.8%), diabetes (29 articles, 8.9%) and hypertension (24 articles, 7.4%). Factors affecting the disease burden primarily included hospitalization days (9 articles, 2.8%), complications (5 articles, 1.5%), delays in treatment (5 articles, 1.5%), and economic income (4 articles, 1.2%). Sixity-one articles (18.8%) reported poverty due to illness, and related diseases were chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (12 articles, 3.7%), hypertension (10 articles, 3.1%), diabetes (10 articles, 3.1%), malignant tumors (9 articles, 2.8%) and hepatitis B (6 articles, 1.8%).ConclusionsAt present, the disease burden research are focusing more on the burden of chronic non-communicable diseases such as malignant tumors, hypertension, diabetes, cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases in developing countries and regions. Medical costs vary from different diseases and treatment, different demographic characteristics of patients, and the coverage medical security of different population are the primary reasons for the " expensive in medical treatment” of current residents and the heavy burden of disease. DALY and total direct medical expenses are the main evaluation indexes of epidemiological burden and economic burden of disease, respectively. Future researches should focus on strengthening the scientific nature of study design to improve the quality of research, as well as paying more attention to diseases and aspects that are rarely involved, such as major diseases caused by poverty due to illness, comprehensive analysis of multiple diseases and aspects of health investment measurement, and comprehensively use the evaluation indicators of disease burden to strengthen the research on the comparability index of disease economic burden.
Objective To analyze the disease burden of liver cancer caused by nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) among the Chinese population by utilizing the latest global burden of disease (GBD) 2021 data, and conduct a comparative analysis with the global situation, so as to provide references and lessons for the formulation of public health policies and disease management plans in China. Methods GBD 2021 database publicly released in May 2024 was searched and relevant disease burden data of liver cancer caused by NASH in China and globally from 1990 to 2021 was sorted out. Joinpoint regression model was employed to calculate the average annual percentage change (AAPC) of the age-standardized rates of various burden indicators in order to evaluate the changing characteristics of disease epidemiology over time. Meanwhile, Bayesian method was used to predict the number of incidences and deaths of liver cancer caused by NASH in China and globally from 2022 to 2045. Results Compared with 1990, in 2021, the number of incidences, prevalence, deaths, disability-adjusted life years, age-standardized incidence rate and age-standardized prevalence rate of liver cancer caused by NASH in the overall, male and female populations in China and globally all increased. Moreover, in 1990 and 2021, all the burden indicators of the Chinese male population were higher than those of the female population in the corresponding years. The overall trend analysis showed that during the 32 years from 1990 to 2021, the age-standardized incidence rate [AAPC=0.44%, 95%CI (0.35%, 0.53%), P<0.001] and the age-standardized prevalence rate [AAPC=0.92%, 95%CI (0.73%, 1.11%), P<0.001] of liver cancer caused by NASH in the overall population in China both showed a significant upward trend. In addition, in 1990 and 2021, the age-standardized rates of all the burden indicators of the overall population in China were higher than the global levels in the corresponding years. The prediction results of the Bayesian model showed that from 2022 to 2045, the number of incidences and deaths of liver cancer caused by NASH in the overall, male and female populations in China and globally will generally show an upward trend. Conclusions The disease burden of liver cancer caused by NASH in China and globally is generally on the rise. In order to curb the increasing disease burden, it is necessary to formulate relevant public health policies and disease management plans in a timely manner.
ObjectiveTo analyze the trend of disease burden changes in congenital birth defects in China from 1990 to 2019. MethodsUsing the global burden of disease study 2019 (GBD 2019), we analyzed the morbidity, mortality, and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) of congenital birth defect diseases and their corresponding age-standardized rates and average annual percentage change (AAPC) to analyze the changes in the disease burden of congenital birth defects in China and compared them with global data from 1990 to 2019. ResultsIn 2019, the age-standardized incidence, mortality, and DALY in China were 147.41/100 000, 4.62/100 000, 480.95/100 000, respectively. Compared with 1990, the age-standardized incidence rate, age-standardized mortality rate, and age-standardized DALY rate increased by 12.08% and decreased by 70.38% and 66.82%, respectively. In recent years, although the age-standardized incidence of congenital birth defect disease in China is on the rise and higher than the global level, the disease burden is roughly on the decline and lower than the global level, which is closely related to earlier intervention and treatment of the disease resulting in a lower standardized mortality rate. ConclusionThe age-standardized mortality rate of children with congenital birth defects in China showed a decreasing trend from 1990 to 2019, and the burden of disease ranged from slightly higher than global to lower than global levels, but the age-standardized incidence rate was significantly higher, but the age-specific incidence rate has increased significantly.
In China, there are more than 2 million new strokes annually, and the disability-adjusted life-years due to stroke were higher than any other disease. With aging of the population, inadequate control of vascular risk factors such as hypertension, and uneven distribution of specialized stroke care, the burden of stroke will continue to increase. Despite improved health care quality in China, the availability of specialized stroke care varies across the country, especially in rural areas. Stroke prevention, management and research face unique and severe challenges due to rough terrain and economic underdevelopment in Southwest China. In the future, efforts should be made to provide more balanced availability of specialized stroke care services across China, promote generalization of evidence-based practice, and carry out more high-quality research to improve outcomes of stroke patients, with special attention to the rural population and Southwest China.
Objective To evaluate the disease burden of acne vulgaris in China from 1990 to 2019 and to provide references for the prevention and control of acne vulgaris in China. MethodsThe quantity of incidences/illnesses, age-standardized incidence/prevalence rates, disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), and DALY rate of acne vulgaris in China from 1990 to 2019 which were derived from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2019 were evaluated. The epidemiological trends, age-birth-cohort trends, and the relationship between the incidence and sociodemographic index (SDI) were also analyzed. Results In 2019, the prevalence and incidence of acne vulgaris in China were higher than the global average. The quantity of patients was slightly higher in 2019 than that in 1990 (3.91%), and the prevalence, incidence, and DALY rate showed a continuous growth trend. The incidence of acne vulgaris peaked at 10 to 14 years old. Acne vulgaris mostly affected young males, and its prevalence peaked at approximately 15 to 19 years old. With these two age groups as the boundary, there was a trend of the prevalence of acne vulgaris increasing initially and then decreasing. Obvious gender differences existed for acne vulgaris diagnoses, and most of the above indicators were shown at a higher level in females than in males. The age period cohort analysis showed that the incidence rate of acne vulgaris in China from 1990 to 2019 was significantly different from the net drift, age effect, period effect and cohort effect. As the SDI value increased, the incidence of acne vulgaris showed a linear growth trend. Conclusions From 1990 to 2019, the burden of acne disease in China increases significantly.
ObjectiveTo understand the current status of research methods in disease burden systematic reviews, identify limitations and shortcomings of existing research methods, and provide suggestions to address relevant issues. MethodsA computer search of the PubMed database was conducted to collect systematic reviews on disease burden, with search limits set from database inception to December 21, 2023. Two independent researchers utilized Endnote 20 for literature screening and Excel 2019 for data extraction and descriptive analysis. ResultsA total of 216 articles were included in the review, revealing a year-on-year increase in the number of systematic reviews on disease burden since 2004. The journal PharmacoEconomics published the most articles (n=22), while research on certain infectious diseases and parasitic infections was the most prevalent (n=51). Only 31 articles provided a complete account of the entire systematic review process. The reporting rates for inclusion/exclusion criteria, information retrieval, literature screening, and statistical analysis steps were all 100%. However, the rate of protocol registration was relatively low at 19%. Eighty-eight percent of the articles utilized software such as Excel and Epidata for data extraction, yet only 32% adhered to the reproducibility principles outlined in AMSTAR-2. In terms of quality assessment, 105 articles underwent evaluation, with the Joanna Briggs Institute checklist and Newcastle-Ottawa scale being the most commonly used quality assessment tools for epidemiological studies, while economic studies preferred the Drummond checklist (n=9). Regarding the details of inclusion/exclusion criteria, only 53% of studies reported their study design in detail, and less than one-sixth provided a comprehensive description of the interventions and control measures. Statistical analyses predominantly employed qualitative methods (80%), with quantitative analyses comprising a minority (20%), all of which were conducted using meta-analysis techniques, primarily utilizing R software (n=15). ConclusionThe number of systematic reviews on disease burden has shown a yearly increasing trend; however, most studies have failed to comprehensively adhere to the fundamental processes of systematic reviews, significantly limiting their quality. Currently, the primary issues include a lack of protocol registration, incomplete supplementary searches, mismatched quality assessment tools, and insufficiently comprehensive outcome measures. To address these challenges, it is essential to develop a methodological guideline for systematic reviews on disease burden that incorporates these concerns. Such a guideline would standardize researchers' practices and ensure strict adherence to systematic review methodologies, thereby enhancing the scientific rigor of the research and its support for clinical decision-making.
Objective
To systematically review the diseases constitution of children in Chinese medical institutions from 2010 to 2016, and to provide evidence for establishing essential medicine list for children (EMLc) of China.
Methods
We searched PubMed, EMbase, The Cochrane Library, CBM, CNKI, VIP and WanFang Data from January 2010 to February 2016 to collect studies about diseases constitution of Chinese children. Two reviewers independently screened literature, extracted data, and assessed the risk bias of included studies, then data was descriptively analyzed.
Results
A total of 33 studies of diseases constitution were included, involving 1 797 696 children among 0 to 18 years from 17 provinces of China. Neonatal hyperbilirubinemia, neonatal pneumonia and premature were the main diseases of inpatient newborns. The main diseases of children hospitalized were pneumonia, upper respiratory tract infection and tumor. Upper respiratory tract infection, bronchopneumonia, bronchitis and diarrhea were the main diseases of outpatients. Hyperspasmia, upper respiratory tract infection and pneumonia were the main diseases of emergency patients. Diseases constitution of different medical institution: the main diseases were pathological jaundice, neonatal asphyxia and neonatal pneumonia in both tertiary and secondary medical institution in the newborn group. In the children group, the main diseases were pneumonia, upper respiratory tract infection and bronchitis in both tertiary and secondary medical institution. Besides these diseases, indigestion and fever of unknown origin were also the main diseases of primary medical institution. Disease constitution of different areas: in the newborn group, pathological jaundice, neonatal pneumonia and neonatal hyperbilirubinemia were the main diseases in coastal areas. Neonatal pneumonia, neonatal hyperbilirubinemia and premature were the main diseases in inland areas. Neonatal hyperbilirubinemia, neonatal pneumonia and neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy were the main diseases in remote areas. In children group, pneumonia, bronchitis and premature were the main diseases in coastal areas. Pneumonia, bronchitis and hand-foot-and-mouth disease were the main diseases in inland areas. Upper respiratory tract infection, bronchopneumonia and bronchitis were the main diseases in remote areas.
Conclusion
Diseases constitutions of children vary in different medical institution, and because of extreme lack of date from primary medical institution, we suggest to carry out investigation in primary medical institution to provide evidence for EMLc. Diseases constitutions of children vary in different area, additions should be made according to local conditions when essential drugs of children selected. Newborn, as a special group of children, should be considered separately when EMLc of China established.
ObjectiveThis study intends to analyze the changing disease burden of mood disorders in China from 1990 to 2021 and project the epidemiological trends in the next two decades. MethodsThis study uses data from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2021 database on three mood disorders in China (bipolar disorder, major depressive disorder, and dysthymia) from 1990 to 2021. The indicators such as age-standardized number of diseases and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) were used to explore the characteristics of time, gender, and age distribution of the disease burden of mental disorders. The BAPC model was used to predict the disease burden in the next two decades. ResultsIn 2021, the number of cases of dysthymia, MDD, and BD in China was 27.84 million, 26.0 million, and 2.85 million, with an increase of 73.24%, 38.33%, and 36.79% compared with 1990, respectively. In 2021, DALYs of dysthymic disorder, MDD and BD were 2.67 million, 5.2 million and 0.61 million person-years, which increased by 71.45%, 34.29% and 34.76% compared with 1990, respectively. The burden of mood disorders is heavier among women and the middle-aged and elderly population. In addition, it is expected that ASPR and ASDR of dysthymia will continue to increase after a brief decline, MDD will show a downward trend, while BD will show a slight upward trend in the next two decades. ConclusionThe disease burden of mood disorders in China remains substantial, with dysthymia and BD showing persistent upward tendency. More resources should be invested in mental health care.
ObjectiveTo analyze the disease burden of prostate, bladder and kidney cancers attributable to smoking in China from 1990 to 2019. MethodsBased on the global burden of disease study 2019, the current situation of the disease burden of prostate, bladder and kidney cancers attributable to smoking was analyzed by using the population attributable fraction (PAF), deaths and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs). Furthermore, the annual percent change (APC) and the average annual percent change (AAPC) were calculated by joinpoint regression analysis to describe the long-term trends of the smoking-attributable burden of these three cancers from 1990 to 2019. ResultsThere were an estimated 18 800 cases of deaths and 393 106 person-years of DALYs for bladder cancer caused by smoking in 2019. The age-standardized mortality and DALY rate decreased by 0.41% and 0.39% per year from 1990 to 2019, respectively. For prostate cancer, smoking was estimated to have caused 5 016 cases of deaths and 98 276 person-years of DALYs in 2019. The age-standardized mortality and DALY rate decreased by 0.28% and 0.25% per year from 1990 to 2019, respectively. For kidney cancer, the deaths and DALYs attributable to smoking were 4 935 cases and 120 620 person-years, respectively. The standardized mortality and DALY rates increased by 3.03% and 2.98% per year from 1990 to 2019. Additionally, males suffered from a higher disease burden of these three cancers attributable to smoking than females. The elderly population had a higher smoking-attributable disease burden than the younger population. ConclusionThe situation of the disease burden of bladder, prostate and kidney cancers attributable to smoking is still serious in China, which has substantial disparities in different groups. Specifically, males and the elderly are the high-risk groups for the smoking-attributable burden. Among the three cancers, bladder cancer has the highest burden and kidney cancer has the largest burden increase during 1990-2019.
