PURPOSE:To inquire into diagnosis and differentiation method for full thickness macular hole,lamellar macular hole and cystoid macular degeneration. METHODS:Amsler grid,Watzke' s sign and laser aiming beam test were performed in the patients:30 with full-thickness macular hole, 12 with lamellar macular hole and 8 with cystoid macular degeneration. The results were analyzed statistically with method of four table precise probability. RESULTS:The positive rate of Amsler grid,watzke's sign and laser aiming beam test was 100% in ail of the full thickness macular holes,and it was 85%，65%and 0 in lamellar macular holes and cystoid macular degeneration respectively.
CONCLUSION: Amsler grid testing was sensitive but not specific,Watzke's sign was more sensitive and specific,and the laser aiming beam tesl was extremely sensitive and specific in clinical diagnosis of full thickness macular hole.
（Chin J Ocul Fundus Dis,1996,12: 208-210）
Objective
To evaluate the correlation between retinal thickness (RT) at the macular area
and the axial length (AL) in myopia.
Mehtods
Optical coherence tomography (OCT) was used to detect the RT at the macular
fovea, and at the superior, nasal, inferior, and temporal side of the fovea and
parafovea area. The AL of the examined eye was measured by IOL master
measuring machine, and the correlation between RT at the macular area and the Al was evaluated.
Results
The minimum RT in the macular area in the eyes with myopia was (150.90plusmn;22.10)mu;m.The retina at the temporal side of parafovea was the thinnest. The average RT in the areas around the fovea was negatively correlated with the AL, and there
was no correlation among the minimum RT, the mean RT at the fovea, and the AL of eye.
Conclusions
As the AL of eye increases, the RT at the parafovea decreases, while the minimum and the average RT at the fovea remain unchanged.
(Chin J Ocul Fundus Dis, 2006, 22: 397-399)
ObjectiveTo observe the multimodal imaging characteristics of multiple evanescent white dot syndrom (MEWDS).MethodsThis was a retrospective series case study. Eighteen patients (18 eyes) diagnosed with MEWDS in Eye Center of The Second People’s Hospital of Foshan from September 2015 to April 2017 were enrolled in this study. There were 12 females and 6 males, with the mean age of 35.9 years. The disease course ranged from 3 to 90 days, with the mean of 14 days. All the patients underwent BCVA, slit-lamp microscope with +90D preset lens, fundus photography, spectral domain OCT (SD-OCT) and FAF examinations. FFA was simultaneously performed in 6 eyes, FFA and ICGA were simultaneously performed in 12 eyes. Ten patients received the treatment of glucocorticoids and vasodilator substance, and other 8 patients without any treatment. The follow-up duration was 4.5 months. The multimodal imaging characteristics were reviewed and analyzed.ResultsFundus color photography showed a variable number of small dots and large spots lesions (14 eyes), and/or fovea granularity (7 eyes) and disk swelling (5 eyes). A variable number of little dots and larger spots lesions showed respectively in FFA, FAF and ICGA were needle-like dots distributed in a wreathlike pattern and a large plaque occasionally confluent of early highly fluorescent, highly autofluorescence and hypofluoresence. Combined hypofluorescent spots with overlying dots were observed in 10 eyes of the late stages of the ICGA. Black lesions in the gray background show in ICGA were the most obvious and the most extensive, gray-white lesions in the gray-black show in FAF were the second, light gray-black lesions in the gray show in FFA were the least. Gray-white lesions in an orange background show in fundus photography were not obvious and transient. SD-OCT showed disruption of the ellipsoid zone and/or accumulations of hyperreflective material from the ellipsoid layer toward the outer plexiform layer and vitreous cells. During the period of following-up, some patients were prescribed low-dose glucocorticoid and some not, almost all the patients except one patient experienced recovery in BCVA and the lesions in fundus imaging.ConclusionsThe lesions in MEWDS eyes in modern multimodal imaging modalities among fundus photography (fovea granularity), FFA (needle-like dots distributed in a wreathlike pattern and a large plaque occasionally confluent of early highly fluorescent), ICGA (flake hypofluorescent) and SD-OCT (disruption of the ellipsoid zone) showed good consistency. Almost eyes were recovery.
Fundus photograph, angiography, optical coherence tomography, ultrasonography and other image technology and visual electrophysiology can provide a wealth of information for the diagnosis and treatment of pediatric retinal diseases. However, it put forward higher requirements on pediatric retinal imaging equipment and techniques which will be quite different from adult, because of pediatric retinal disease has its own characteristics, such as disease spectrum, pathogenesis, and pathophysiology. The principles and methods of image results interpretation on adult were not quite ready for children. It is necessary to further study the fundus imaging techniques suitable for children, gradually establish standardized examination procedures and clinical interpretation system, to promote the diagnosis of retinopathy in children.
Multicolor imaging (MCI) based on confocal scanning laser ophthalmoscopy can gather more diagnostic information than traditional fundus photographs through utilizing three wavelengths of laser to scan posterior retina, which gain different layer reflected signal since the depth of penetration into retina is different for each wavelength. Currently, it provides important information and reference value for diagnose of different layer diseases on retina or choroid combining MCI with OCT, FAF, FFA and so on. However, there are still misunderstandings in the diagnosis of retinal diseases with MCI. Careful observation of retinal details in MCI, CFP and other imaging methods is more conducive to the correct diagnosis of fundus ophthalmopathy.
Objective To observe the autofluorescence of dated fundus hemorrhage excited by the excitaton light with different wavelength. Methods A total of 23 patients (23 eyes) with dated fundus hemorrhage were observed. The blue light under the fundus fluorescence angiography (FFA) mode of Topcon 50IA fundus camera was the excitation light, and the whiteandblack images of 4 patients and colorized images of 16 patients were collected, respectively. The autofluorescence of dated fundus hemorrhage in other 3 patients was observed by excitation of scanning laser with the wavelength of 488 nm and 795 nm emitted from Heidelberg retina angiography apparatus (HRA2). Results The black and white images showed the b red autofuorescence of dated fundus hemorrhage in 4 patients, while the colorized ones revealed the red autofluorescence in 16 patients. The hemorrhage autofluorescence could be also excited by blue laser (488 nm) and infrared laser (795 nm) using HRA2, but with different extent and intensity. Conclusions Due to the complex composition of dated fundus hemorrhage, different excitation light can excite the autofuorescence with different wavelength.
Objective
To cpmpare the assessment of retinal and choroidal disease using confocal scanning laser ophthalmoscope (cSLO) imaging and color fundus camera.
Methods
Sixty-seven patients (90 eyes) with fundus diseases were included in this study. There were 35 males (51 eyes) and 32 female (39 eyes), mean age was 51.32 years. All subjects underwent fundus imaging using cSLO technology and traditional color fundus camera, positive numbers of every retinal pathological change were calculated and compared. Spectral domain-optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) was also done to compare the accordance rate between two modes of fundus imaging (cSLO technology and traditional color fundus camera) and SD-OCT in choroidal changes.
Results
The positive numbers of retinal microaneurysm (χ2=4.157, P < 0.05) and epiretinal membrane (χ2=5.428, P < 0.05) using cSLO fundus imaging were significantly higher than traditional color fundus camera, while the positive numbers of cotton wool spots (χ2=0.523), retinal hemorrhage (χ2=0.117), hard exudates (χ2=0.325) and macular hole (χ2=0.070) were no significant different (P > 0.05). The SD-OCT accordance rate of choroidal pathological changes using cSLO technology was higher than traditional color fundus camera (χ2=9.143, P=0.007).
Conclusion
In retinal and choroidal diseases, the imaging quality of cSLO fundus imaging technology is better than the traditional color fundus camera technology.
Ultra-wide-field fluorescein angiography (UWFA) can obtain very wide retinal images (up to 200°), and is a very helpful tool to detect peripheral retinal lesions which cannot be found by other imaging methods. Analyzing the characteristics of the UWFA images may improve our understanding, treatment outcomes and management strategies of ocular fundus diseases. However this technology is still in its premature stage, there is still a lot of work to be done to improve its clinical application and study the characteristics and clinical meanings of these peripheral retinal lesions.
Ultra-wide field fundus autofluorescence (FAF) imaging is a new noninvasive technique with an imaging range of about 200 °. It can detect peripheral retinal lesions that cannot be found in previous FAFs and more objectively reflect intracellular content and distribution of lipofuscin in the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) and RPE cell metabolic status. The ultra-wide field FAF can find the abnormal autofluorescence (AF) in the peripheral retina of the eyes of age-related macular degeneration (AMD), and different AF manifestations may have an impact on the diagnosis and treatment of the different AMD subtypes. It is helpful to evaluate subretinal fluid in the eyes of central serous choroidal retinopathy and can accurately detect the changes in the outer retina of the eyes without subretinal fluid. It can help to determine the type of uveitis and fully display the evolution of the disease. It can also assess the peripheral photoreceptor cell layer and RPE in patients with retinal dystrophy and retinitis pigmentosa, and comprehensively evaluate their retinal function and monitor the progress of disease. It can also assist in the evaluation of the short-term efficacy and RPE cell function after the scleral buckling surgery for patients with rhegmatogenous retinal detachment. In the future, ultra-wide field FAF may change the knowledge and intervention strategy of ocular fundus diseases and promote the clinical and scientific research in this field.
ObjectiveTo determine the positive results of confocal scanning laser ophthalmoscope (cSLO) based retinal imaging and traditional color fundus camera in screening epiretinal membrane (ERM) in elderly people.
MethodsA total of 184 retired staffs from certain company (363 eyes) were included in this study, 153 were men (304 eyes) and 31 were women (59 eyes). The mean age was 74.35 years (range 47-92 years). All subjects were underwent fundus imaging using cSLO technology and traditional color fundus camera and Cirrus high definition optical coherence tomography (HD-OCT). The imaging quality of two technologies were analyzed and compared according to the evaluation standards. The positive accordance rate was used to compare between two modes fundus imaging (cSLO technology and traditional color fundus camera) and HD-OCT.
ResultsIn 363 eyes, the positive number of screening ERM using HD-OCT was 122 eyes (33.6%); the positive number of traditional color fundus camera was 33 eyes (9.1%); the positive number of cSLO imaging was 76 eyes (20.9%). The HD-OCT positive accordance rate of screening ERM using traditional color fundus camera and cSLO technology were 27.0% vs. 62.3%. The HD-OCT positive accordance rate of screening ERM using cSLO technology was significant higher than traditional color fundus camera (χ2=30.81, P < 0.001).
ConclusionThe HD-OCT positive accordance rate of screening ERM in elderly people was higher using cSLO technology than using traditional color fundus camera.
