ObjectiveTo explore a better hygienic hand disinfection method to improve hand hygiene compliance, by evaluating and comparing the disinfection effects and the economic and time cost expenditures of three different types of hygienic hand disinfection methods.MethodsFrom March to July 2016, patients undergoing blood collection were randomly divided into three groups, and five blood collection nurses used one different type of hygienic hand disinfection method in each group when performing blood collection operation on the patients, including: direct hygienic hand disinfection (group A); wearing gloves, and doing hygienic hand disinfection without putting off gloves (group B); and changing gloves for each patient, and doing hygienic hand disinfection after putting off gloves (group C). Two hundred and ten specimens of the nurses’ hands or gloves surface after hand hygiene were collected from each group for the comparison of hygienic hand disinfection effect, and the differences in economic cost and time cost were compared.ResultsThe passing rates of the disinfection effect of the three different types of sanitary hand disinfection methods were all 100%. The economic cost of group A, B, and C was 9.66, 21.98, and 185.66 yuan, respectively, and the time cost of group A, B, and C was 5 250, 6 860, and 14 700 seconds, respectively. No sharp injury occurred.ConclusionSince direct hygienic hand disinfection does not implement the standard prevention principle, the method of wearing gloves and doing hygienic hand disinfection without putting off gloves is the best in the three different hygienic hand disinfection methods, which not only has the same disinfection effect, but also can save economic cost and time cost, which may improve the medical personnel’s hand hygiene compliance.
ObjectiveTo evaluate the efficiency of hydrogen peroxide vapor (HPV) in disinfecting multidrug-resistant organisms (MDROs).MethodsWe searched Cochrane Library, PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang, China Science and Technology Journal Database for before-after studies or case-control studies or cohort studies evaluating efficiency of HPV and published from January 2010 to December 2020 (the time range was from January 2000 to December 2020 in the snowball searching). RevMan 5.4 and R 4.0.2 softwares were used for meta-analysis.ResultsA total of 9 studies were included, consisting of 8 before-after studies and 1 cohort study. Six studies evaluated positive rate of environmental samplings, meta-analysis revealed that HPV combined with manual cleaning disinfected the environment efficiently [relative risk (RR)=0.03, 95% confidence interval (CI) (0.01, 0.08), P< 0.000 01] and HPV was more efficient than manual cleaning [RR=0.04, 95%CI (0.02, 0.10), P< 0.000 01]. Three studies evaluated the hospital-acquired MDROs colonization/infection rates, and the results of the 3 studies were consistent, revealing that HPV could reduce hospital-acquired MDROs colonization/infection rates.ConclusionHPV is efficient in reducing MDROs contaminated surfaces and hospital-acquired infection rate.
In this study, silicone hand was disinfected by homemade touchable non-thermal plasma to simulate and evaluate its feasibility of application on human hand. Experimental results showed that there was no significant difference whenEscherichia coli (E. coli),Staphylococcus aureus (S. au),Staphylococcus albus (S. al), andPseudomonas aeruginosa (P. ae) were loaded on the silicone hand surface and treated with plasma. The efficiency of plasma disinfection was higher when the treatment time was prolonged or initial bacterial density was lower. When initial bacterial number was 1.0×106–1.0×107 CFU, the plasma disinfection process mainly occured in the first 5 s and more than 99% of bacteria could be disinfected. This study can provide guidelines for the development of a new plasma device for human hand disinfection.
Objective To review the mechanism of cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) in the treatment of chronic skin ulcer, providing a new idea for ulcer therapy. Methods The literature about CAP in the treatment of chronic skin ulcers in recent years was extensively screened and reviewed. The treatment principle, active ingredients, and mechanism were summarized. Results CAP is partial ionized gas discharged by plasma generator in high frequency under high voltage. It contains electrons, positive and negative ions, reactive oxygen species, reactive nitrogen species, and ultraviolet rays. In vitro and animal experiments show that the active ingredients contained in CAP can inactive microorganisms, against biofilm, regulate immune-mediated inflammatory, promoting blood flow, stimulate tissue regeneration and epithelial formation in the course of wounds healing. Conclusion CAP play a role in different stages of chronic skin ulcer healing, with good effectiveness and safety, and broad clinical application prospects. But more studies are needed to explore the indications and dosages of CAP therapy.
Objective
To compare germicidal effect of three disinfectants acting on frequently-touched surfaces in Intensive Care Unit (ICU) at different time points after disinfection so as to put forward the reasonable disinfection method and interval before the next disinfection.
Methods
We wiped the four frequently-touched surfaces in ICU with disinfectant containing acidic electrolyzed oxidizing water (EOW) from the building system of hospital, disinfectant wipes, and 500 mg/L chlorine respectively. The culture samples were collected from the surfaces before wiping, and 10 minutes, 30 minutes, 1 hour, 2 hours and 4 hours after wiping respectively. The bacterial clearance rate and the qualified rate of bacterial colony counts on the surfaces were compared among the three different disinfectants at different time points after disinfection.
Results
The bacterial killing rate of three methods for disinfection of object surfaces decreased with the passing of time. The bacterial killing rate of EOW from the building system of hospital was lower than that of the other two methods at all five time points after disinfection (P< 0.05). The bacterial killing rate at hour four after disinfection using chlorine-containing disinfectant and disinfectant wipes was higher than 90.0%. The qualified rate of bacterial colony counts on the surfaces at 10 and 30 minutes after disinfection among the three groups was not significantly different (P>0.05). The qualified rate of bacterial colony counts on the surfaces disinfected by EOW from the building system of hospital was lower than that in the other two groups at the other three time points (P<0.05), and it was totally unqualified at hour four after disinfection.
Conclusions
The germicidal effect of EOW from the building system of hospital is inferior to chlorine disinfectant and disinfectant wipes. Moreover, the surface can be easily recontaminated after disinfection. It is suggested that EOW should be used in ICU every other hour. and the other two disinfection methods should be used every two hours.
Povidone-iodine, an indispensable broad-spectrum and low-resistance antimicrobial agent in ophthalmology, holds dual therapeutic value: it serves as a preoperative conjunctival sac disinfectant to effectively prevent postoperative endophthalmitis, and as adjuvant therapy for refractory infectious eye diseases that respond poorly to conventional treatments. This article systematically summarizes the progress of clinical research on povidone-iodine, focusing on in-depth discussions of core issues such as the mechanism by which it achieves sterilization through free iodine, the controversy over concentration and exposure time in practical applications, and ocular surface safety. The aim is to provide a solid scientific basis for the standardized clinical application and future research of povidone-iodine.
Objective To investigate the current situation of sterile supply management in primary healthcare institutions in Pudong New Area of Shanghai, analyze the existing problems, and provide a scientific basis for formulating and implementing follow-up improvement measures. Methods The primary healthcare institutions in Pudong New Area were surveyed from June to July 2024. The contents of the questionnaire included the nature of the institution, sterile supply mode, personnel, facilities and equipment configuration, quality monitoring and sterile supply management. Results A total of 71 valid questionnaires were collected, including 25 public institutions and 46 non-public institutions; 29.6% used the sterile supply mode outside the hospital, and 70.4% used the sterile supply mode inside the hospital. In primary healthcare institutions with in-hospital sterile supply mode, part-time staff accounted for 46.1%, staff under the age of 40 accounted for 69.5%, professional qualification holding rate was high (94.3%), and their education was mainly junior college (60.3%). Healthcare institutions were all equipped with steam sterilizers, and the configuration rate of cleaning and disinfection machines (92.0%) were high, but the configuration rate of water treatment and drying equipment (70.0%), information traceability system (48.0%) and low-temperature sterilizers (10.0%) were low. Disinfection and sterilization quality monitoring had been widely carried out (96.0%), but the cleaning quality monitoring rate was low (88.0%). The implementation rate of multiple requirements exceeded 96%, but the utilization rate of information traceability system was low (36.0%). The proportion of primary healthcare institutions with out-of-hospital sterile supply mode that conducted quality monitoring, requested quality reports and carried out on-site inspection on the goods provided by the service provider were less than 80%. The proportion of healthcare institutions with full-time personnel, contaminated equipment collection and temporary storage room and sterile goods handover and distribution room did not exceed 80%, and the utilization rate of information traceability system was also less than 50%. Conclusions There are still deficiencies in personnel allocation, equipment and facilities, quality monitoring and system implementation of sterile supply management in primary healthcare institutions in Pudong New Area.
ObjectiveTo evaluate the effect of disinfection measures in the isolation ward of ICU in severe patients infected with the Omilkerong variant of the new coronavirus, and to optimize the infection control measures. MethodsReferring to the patient's epidemiological and nucleic acid sample data, nucleic acid sampling was performed on the isolated ward environment by surface sampling method, and the nucleic acid Ct value of virus was detected by parallel fluorescence PCR method. The aerosol was collected by a wet-wall cyclone sampler, and the nucleic acid Ct value of the virus was detected by parallel fluorescence PCR. ResultsBefore daily disinfection, SARS-CoV-2 positive samples were found on the surface of the patient's ward and air sampling after the tracheoscopic tracheostomy. No positive samples of SARS-CoV-2 were found on the surface of articles and air in the patient's ward after daily disinfection. ConclusionThe daily disinfection measures of the hospital can achieve the effect of SARS-CoV-2 disinfection, which suggests that the surface of the articles in the ward after invasive operations such as tracheostomy and tracheoscopy, especially within 2 meters of the tracheostomy and the tracheostomy, is the key part of disinfection, which needs to be paid attention to.
This article reviews the current status and characteristics of disinfection technologies in the modern era, including physical, chemical, and integrated disinfection methods. It focuses on the latest research advances, advantages, and limitations of novel disinfection technologies, such as plasma-activated systems, photocatalytic oxidation, and synergistic chemical-physical or bio-chemical composite techniques. The study reveals that single disinfection methods often fail to meet the demands of complex environments, while integrated technologies demonstrate significant advantages in improving disinfection efficiency and environmental compatibility. However, challenges remain in terms of cost, standardization, and long-term safety. Future development of disinfection technologies should prioritize intelligent multi-technology integration, green and sustainable practices, targeted disinfection, personalized applications, and international standardization.
Objective To provide the evidence for anti-epidemic command and developing response plan through investigation on prophlactical disinfection in Deyang, the worst-hit areas after Wenchuan earthquake. Methods We used convenient sampling together with the report forms and the self-made questionnaire to collect information from 107 villages and 17 settlement spots for the disaster victims in 25 towns in Deyang disaster area. Results There were a total of 6 kinds of disinfectant, including the chlorine disinfectant, 2 kinds of peroxide disinfectant and 2 other types of disinfectant, which were delivered the Deyang disaster area through the National amp; Province CDC system allocation or the None-Goverment Organization donation. From May 17 to June 9, the large-scale preventive disinfection was carried out in the disaster area, covering tap water, the restroom and the latrine pit, trash, environment and sewage. All personnel who conducted the disinfection for prevention and public health in the villages and towns received the technical training for disinfection. Conclusion Various disinfectant types and difference specifications cause trouble in the training of manpower and the use of disinfectant. Preventive disinfection in the most serious disaster areas is better than in serious disaster areas. The main channel of obtaining the disinfectant is through the National amp; Province CDC. The daily-report system of the disinfected areas may monitor the progress of disinfectant use. The suitable disinfection may prevent the public health secondary disaster and protect the environment effectively.
