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Influence of Myocardial Viability and Regional Perfusion on Cardiac Function of Patients with Myocardial Infarction after Percutaneous Coronary Intervention Therapy

目的　探討急性心肌梗死冠狀動脈介入治療（PCI）術后患者梗死區心肌存活性對左室重構及功能的影響。 方法　2006年2月－2010年12月208例急性心肌梗死急診PCI術后的患者接受靜息狀態下18氟-脫氧葡萄正電子斷層顯像進行心肌代謝顯像檢查，根據基線梗死區心肌有無存活分為兩組，同時進行超聲心動圖檢查，評價左室壁運動、左室射血分數，左室舒張末內徑、左房內徑及舒張期二尖瓣血流速度峰值的比值。血運重建術后12個月隨訪超聲心動圖，觀察梗死區心肌存活狀態對于左室重構以及心功能的影響。 結果　PCI術后12個月，有存活心肌組左室射血分數（46.7 ± 6.98）%高于無存活心肌組（45.1 ± 7.12）%，兩組差異有統計學意義（P＜0.01），有存活心肌組左室舒張末期內徑（53.17 ± 3.89） mm小于無存活心肌組（55.46 ± 4.75） mm，兩組差異有統計學意義（P＜0.05）。左房內徑及舒張期二尖瓣血流速度峰值的比值兩組隨訪時均無明顯變化。 結論　急性心肌梗死行PCI治療后的患者，在有存活心肌的情況下，心功能改善明顯；而梗死區無心肌存活的患者，12個月后，心功能減低，左室重構更加明顯。

非胸痛的急性心肌梗死48例臨床分析

【摘要】　目的　總結非胸痛的急性心肌梗死的臨床特點。　方法　對2008年1月-2010年12月48例非胸痛的急性心肌梗死患者出現的首發癥狀、危險因素等進行分析。　結果　年齡gt;65歲30例，lt;40歲3例，41～64歲15例。首發癥狀為消化道癥狀（腹痛腹脹、腹瀉、嘔吐等）24例，大汗淋漓5例，呼吸困難4例，劇烈咳嗽1例，頭暈頭痛2例，煩躁不安6例，手臂痛3例，低血壓2例，心律失常1例。急性心肌梗死部位以后壁及下壁為主。　結論　通過對臨床表現不典型的急性心肌梗死特點的分析，需重視非胸痛急性心肌梗死的誤診或漏診，降低病死率。

Surgical Management of Patients with Acute Myocardial Infarction

Objective\ To analyze the experiences of emergent or urgent coronary artery bypass grafting(CABG) for patients with acute myocardial infarction(AMI). Methods\ From May, 1996 through December, 1999, 9 patients with AMI underwent emergent CABG including eight males and one female, with mean age 61 years, and year range 44 70. The localization of the AMI was anterior in 4 and inferior in 5. The interval between the onset of AMI and CABG was within 24 hours in 7 cases, 10 days in 1 case and 14 days in 1 case....

急性心肌梗死室間隔穿孔介入封堵后殘余分流致急性左心衰竭一例

Evaluation and Timing of Surgery for Patients with Acute Myocardial Infarction Complicated with Ventricular Septal Rupture

Abstract: Ventricular septal rupture is a rare complication of acute myocardial infarction, but it can easily lead to such complications as acute heart failure and cardiac shock with sinister prognosis. Surgical treatment is a fundamental measure to improve the prognosis, and the selection of operation time is a key factor. The basic guiding principles of operation timing are as follows. Those patients who have acute heart failure and/or cardiac shock soon after the onset of ventricular septal rupture, and can not be controlled by nonsurgery therapy and are also unable to tolerate surgery, will die soon. For them, surgery treatment cannot be implemented because they have missed the optimal operation time. For those whose perforation was so small that they can be stably controlled by nonsurgery therapy, surgery treatment can be postponed for 1 to 4 weeks. However, emergency operation should be performed in time once the condition of the patients becomes unstable. For others, no matter in what state they are, surgical treatment should be implemented immediately.

Research on the Correlation between Serum Level of Cystatin C and Acute Myocardial Infarction in Elderly Patients

【摘要】　目的　觀察70歲以上老年心肌梗死急性期血清胱抑素C（cystatin C，CysC）水平，探討急性心肌梗死后CysC水平變化的意義。　方法　順序入選2010年7月-2011年7月期間70歲以上急性心肌梗死患者58例及正常對照58例。入選對象均經冠狀動脈造影檢查確診或排除診斷，記錄急性心肌梗死患者梗死部位和梗死相關血管，并計算Gensini積分。所有入選對象采血，使用乳膠增強免疫透射比濁法測定急性期血清CysC水平。　結果　心肌梗死急性期，血清CysC水平低于正常對照組（Plt;0.05）；不同冠狀動脈病變評分與血清CysC水平呈負相關，Gensini積分越高，血清CysC水平越低。　結論　血清CysC與冠心病關系密切。檢測CysC，為冠心病的風險預測、老年患者危險分層和治療提供一條新的線索和途徑。

A Comparison of Different Combination Regimens of Biochemical Markers in Diagnosing Acute Myocardial Infarction

Objective　To compare the diagnostic accuracy of different combination regimens of myocardial infarction markers in diagnosing acute myocardial infarction; and to estimate the effect of heart-type fatty acid-binding protein (H-FABP) in improving the diagnostic accuracy of the combinations. Methods　Patients with acute onset of chest pain were included randomly. Serum concentrations of H-FABP and other biochemical markers for myocardial infarction (cTnI, Myo) were determined immediately, and then acute myocardial infarction (AMI) patients were defined according to the WHO criteria. ROC curves for three biochemical markers were established respectively, and the cutoff values of the three markers were determined accordingly. Three combination regimens of myocardial infarction markers for AMI diagnosis were designed: cTnI+Myo, cTnI+H-FABP, cTnI+H-FABP+Myo. Diagnostic accuracy of the three regimens were then calculated and compared. Results　The AUCs for the three biochemical markers were AUCcTnI 0.938 (95%CI: 0.888-0.988), AUCMyo 0.743 (95%CI: 0.651-0.836), and AUCH-FABP 0.919 (95%CI: 0.873-0.964), respectively. AUCH-FABP was significantly larger than AUCMyo (Plt;0.01). The cutoff values of the three biochemical markers for diagnosing AMI were defined as CutoffcTnI 0.5 ng/mL, CutoffMyo 90 ng/mL, and CutoffH-FABP 5.7 ng/mL, respectively. The diagnostic accuracy of these markers and their combination regimens were calculated and presented as follows (cTnI, Myo, H-FABP, cTnI+Myo, cTnI+H-FABP, cTnI+Myo+H-FABP): sensitivity: 0.804, 0.674, 0.783, 0.957, 0.957 and 0.957; specificity: 0.966, 0.747, 0.954, 0.724, 0.92 and 0.724; diagnostic efficacy: 0.910, 0.722, 0.895, 0.805, 0.932 and 0.805, respectively. Compared with the combination of cTnI+H-FABP, the sensitivities of cTnI (Z=2.261, P=0.024), Myo (Z=3.497, Plt;0.001) and H-FABP (Z=2.478, P=0.013) were significantly lower; the specificities of Myo (Z=3.062, P=0.002), cTnI+Myo (Z=3.378, Plt;0.001) and cTnI+Myo+H-FABP (Z=3.378, Plt;0.001) were significantly lower; and the diagnostic efficacies of Myo (Z=4.528, Plt;0.001), cTnI+Myo (Z=3.064, P=0.002) and cTnI+Myo+H-FABP (Z=3.064, P=0.002) were significantly lower. Conclusion　The combination regimen of cTnI+H-FABP which includes H-FABP as the sensitive marker seems to be more effective than the currently used combinations in diagnosing AMI in patients with acute onset of chest pain.

EFFECTS OF TISSUE INHIBITOR-3 OF MATRIX METALLOPROTEINASES GENE-TRANSFECTED VASCULAR SMOOTH MUSCLE CELLS TRANSPLANTATION ON INITIAL MYOCARDIUM REMODELING AFTER ACUTE MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION

Objective To investigate the effects of tissue inhibitor-3 of matrix metalloproteinases(TIMP-3) genetransfected vascular smooth muscle cells(VSMCs) transplantation on heart structure after acute myocardial infarction (AMI) in rats and to explore the potential mechanisms. Methods Sixty-one female Wistar rats were produced AMI models by ligating the descending left coronary artery. Fifty-four rats were survived and divided into 3 groups randomly(n=18): 0.5 ml PBS containing 1×106 TIMP-3 gene-transfected VSMCs(group A), 1×106 VSMCs(group B) or 0.5 ml PBS without cell(group C) were injected into the ischemic myocardium immediately. Ischemic myocardium samples were harvested at 1 weekafter operation. The heart structure was observed through the tissue morphologic examination. The activity of TIMP-3 gene-transfected VSMCs were measured by immunohistochemical method. Proteins of TIMP-3 and matrix metalloproteinase 9(MMP-9) were determined by Western blot. Results VSMCs were cultivated and had a high purity(98%). TIMP-3 gene was transfected into VSMCs successfully. One week after operation in groups A, B and C, the average percentage of infarction myocardium size 〖KG6〗and left ventricle free wal area were 28.73%±1.56%, 39.63%±1.84% and 46.32%±2.16% separately.Group A was significantly lower than groups B and C(P＜0.01), group B was significantly lower than group C(P＜0.01). In groups A, B and C the averageleft ventricle volume indexes were 5.27±0.21 mm3／g, 6.69±0.34 mm3／g and 9.67±0.88 mm3／g respectively. Group A was significantly smaller than groups B and C(P＜0.01), group B was significantly smaller than group C(P＜0.01). The immunohistochemical observation confirmed that the implanted VSMCs and TIMP-3 gene were survival in ischemic area. The protein content of TIMP-3 in ischemicmyocardium was significantly higher in group A (300 704.8±3 692.8) than in groups B and C(195 548.8±3 014.2，177 991.1±2 502.1)(P＜0.01), the protein content of MMP-9 in ischemic myocardium was significantly lower in group A(594 827.4±5 708.5) than in groups B and C(921 461.4±8 887.4，1 044 445.0±8 788.6)(P＜0.01). Conclusion Implanted TIMP3 gene transfected VSMCs in ischemic myocardium can conspicuously reduce the myocardium remodeling after AMI.

Outcomes of coronary artery bypass grafting inpatients under 45 years with acute myocardial infarction

Objective To investigate the early and long-outcomes of coronary artery bypass grafting(CABG) in acute myocardial infarction (AMI) patients with coronary artery disease(CAD)(age≤45 years). Methods Data of 596 adult CAD patients (include AMI and Angina) who underwent CABG in our hospital were collected retrospectively from May 2010 to October 2018. In an AMI group, 234 were male patients with an average age of 41.59±3.79 years; 26 were female patients with an average age of 41.64±3.03 years. In an angina group, 280 were male patients with an average age of 42.19±2.90 years; 56 were female patients with an average age of 41.54±3.52 years. Preoperative baseline variables, perioperative mortality, major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events (MACCE) were compared between two group. Results There was no significant difference in all preoperative variables. Seven patients were died and the hospital mortality rate was 1.23% (1.54% vs. 0.89%, P=0.477). The complications including reoperation for bleeding, cerebral infarction, renal failure and atrial fibrillation arrhythmia were without significant difference between two group (P>0.05). The intensive care unit stay duration (30.66±27.46 h vs. 23.96±15.11 h), intubation duration (22.54±22.31 h vs. 18.64±11.81 h) and hospitalization costs (97 186±33 741￥ vs. 90 081±24 537￥, P=0.003) were greater in the AMI group. The hospital mortality rate and complications rate were without significant difference between STEMI (ST segment elevated myocardial infarction) and NSTEMI (non-ST-segment elevated myocardial infarction) subgroups (P>0.05). The follow-up rate was 92.6% (546 patients) and the follow-up time was 4 (0.5 to 8.5) years. All cause-mortality rate was 3.85% (21 patients), and freedom MACCE was 72.2%. The freedom from MACCE, recurred angina and cerebral infarction were without significant difference, but AMI was associated with higher rate of PCI procedure. Conclusion CABG procedure in CAD patients under 45 years accompanied AMI is safety and reliable both in early and the long-term outcomes.

Efficacy of Early Use of Heparin for Thrombolytic Therapy on Patients with Acute Myocardial Infarction: A Systematic Review

ObjectiveTo systematically review the efficacy of early use of heparin for thrombolytic therapy in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI). MethodsThe Chinese databases involving VIP, CNKI, WanFang Data, CBM and foreign language databases including PubMed and The Cochrane Library (Issue 1, 2013) were electronically searched from inception to January 2013. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on early use of heparin in the treatment of AMI were included. Two reviewers assessed the quality of each trial and extracted data independently according to the Cochrane Handbook. RevMan5.2 software was used for statistical analysis. ResultsA total of 23 RCTs involving 2 697 patients were included. The results of meta-analysis showed that the heparin group was superior to the control group in increasing of the rate of coronary artery recanalization, decreasing the time of recanalization, reducing the rate of re-infarction and the death rate, and decreasing the time of ST-T fell for 50%, the time of enzyme peak showed and the time of chest pain relief. There had no significant difference observed in the incidence of adverse reaction between the two groups. ConclusionIt is effective to use heparin before thrombolytic therapy in AMI.