Objective To assess the applied significance of carbon nanoparticles in central compartment lymph node dissection in treatment of cN0 papillary thyroid carcinoma. Methods Sixty-eight patients with cN0 papillary thyroid carcinoma who were treated in Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College from May. to Oct. in 2012 were randomly allocated to the control group （n=32） and the carbon nanoparticles trace group （tracer group， n=36）， receiving non-carbon nanoparticles trace and carbon nanoparticles trace respectively. All patients were received total resection of thyroid plus the affected side and （or） contralateral side central compartment lymph node dissection. The lymph node-related indexes（including number of dissected lymph node at Ⅵarea and lymph node metastasis rate at Ⅵarea） and operative indexs （including operation time， blood loss， drainage time， complication， and hospital stay） were collected and compared between the 2 groups. Results There were 205 and 324 dissected lymph node at central compartment in control group and tracer group respectively. The results of postoperative pathology showed that the number of lymph node in central compartment of the tracer group was much more than those of control group （8.99±2.24 vs. 6.41±1.56， P＜0.001）. The metastasis rate of central compartment lymph node were 40.6% （13/32） in control group and 47.2% （17/36） in tracer group， but there was no significant difference between the 2 groups （P=0.762）. But in medial area of laryngeal recurrent nerve， the metastasis rate in the tracer group （38.9%， 14/36） was much higher than those of control group （12.5%， 4/32）， P=0.029. There were no significant differences in the operation time， blood loss， drainage time， hospital stay， and complication incidence such as bleeding， temporary hypocalcemia， and injury of superior laryngeal nerve between 2 groups （P＞0.05）. All the patients in 2 groups had followed-up for 6 months without death， recurrence， and metastasis.Conclusions The lymphatic tracer technique of carbon nanoparticles may improve the number of dissected lymph nodes in central region of cN0 papillary thyroid carcinoma， without increasing （or prolonging） operation time， intraoperative blood loss， and postoperative hospital stay， and can accurately represent the metastasis of lymph node， thus to make the staging of the tumor accurately and guide postoperative treatment.
Abstract： Surgery is an effective therapy for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The standard operation includes lobectomy and systematic dissection of lymph nodes. However, postoperative tumor recurrence is common even among incipient patients due to incomplete dissection of lymph nodes and micrometastasis of lymph nodes. Injecting a carbon nanoparticles suspension is a new technique aimed at preventing this recurrence. The carbon nanoparticles carry lymph node tracers that help surgeons locate lymph nodes in order to clean them thoroughly. The tracers also target the lymph nodes for chemotherapy, thus killing residual tumor cells intraoperatively to avoid postoperative cancer recurrence. Carbon nanoparticles suspension injection is already widely and successfully used in surgery for gastrointestinal and mammary gland tumors, and is being tested for effectiveness in NSCLC patients. Some studies have indicated that carbon nanoparticles suspension injection is effective in NSCLC patients and improves their prognoses. We reviewed the features, application methods, and clinical applications of studies of carbon nanoparticles suspension injection for NSCLC.
Cholangiocarcinoma is a highly malignant tumor. It is not sensitive to radiotherapy and chemotherapy and has a poor prognosis. At present, there is no effective treatment. As a new method for treating cancer, magnetic fluid hyperthermia has been clinically applied to a variety of cancers in recent years. This article introduces it to the cholangiocarcinoma model and systematically studies the effect of magnetic fluid hyperthermia on cholangiocarcinoma. Starting from the theory of magnetic fluid heating, the electromagnetic and heat transfer models were constructed in the finite element simulation software COMSOL using the Pennes biological heat transfer equation. The Helmholtz coil was used as an alternating magnetic field generating device. The relationship between the magnetic fluid-related properties and the heating power was analyzed according to Rosensweig’s theory. After the multiphysics coupling simulation was performed, the electromagnetic field and thermal field distribution in the hyperthermia region were obtained. The results showed that the magnetic field distribution in the treatment area was uniform, and the thermal field distribution met the requirements of hyperthermia. After the magnetic fluid injection, the cholangiocarcinoma tissue warmed up rapidly, and the temperature of tumor tissues could reach above 42 °C, but the surrounding healthy tissues did not heat up significantly. At the same time, it was verified that the large blood vessels around the bile duct, the overflow of the magnetic fluid, and the eddy current heat had little effect on thermotherapy. The results of this article can provide a reference for the clinical application of magnetic fluid hyperthermia for cholangiocarcinoma.
This paper provides a brief overview of the current research activities which focused on the bio-application of gold magnetic nanocomposite particles. By combining the magnetic characteristics of the iron oxide core with the unique features of nano-gold particles such as targeting by surface modification and optical properties, such composite nanoparticles have a wide range of applications in cancer hyperthermia, CT and MRI imaging, bio-separation, biosensors, gene diagnosis, drug targeting and many other biomedical fields.
Objective To determine the best matching concentration of carbon nanoparticles suspension injection adsorb epirubicin by measuring the combination ratio of carbon nanoparticles suspension injection combined with epirubicin under different matching conditions. And then, to prove the adsorbability of carbon nanoparticles suspension injection adsorb epirubicin in vitro. Methods Firstly, epirubicin-carbon suspension of different concentrations will be prepared. The second, high performance liquid chromatography mass spectrometry（LC-MS） was used to assay the concentration of free epirubicin, and calculate the content of epirubicin that was combinated with carbon nanoparticles suspension injection. The difference of the ratio of carbon nanoparticles suspension injection combined with epirubicin under different matching conditions will be compared in the end. Results The combination ratio of carbon nanoparticles suspension injection combined with epirubicin solution of 5, 10, and 15 mg/ml were 85.6%, 85.7%, and 31.8%, respectively. Conclusions The adsorbability of carbon nanoparticles suspension injection adsorb epirubicin is favourable in vitro. Best matching concentration of carbon nanoparticles suspension injection adsorb epirubicin may be epirubicin solution of 5-10 mg/ml.
ObjectiveThe antifriction and antiwear effects of gelatin nanoparticles (GLN-NP) on artificial joint materials in bionic joint lubricant were investigated to provide a theoretical basis for the development of new bionic joint lubricant. MethodsGLN-NP was prepared by cross-linking collagen acid (type A) gelatin with glutaraldehyde by acetone method, and the particle size and stability of GLN-NP were characterized. The biomimetic joint lubricants with different concentrations were prepared by mixing 5, 15, and 30 mg/mL GLN-NP with 15 and 30 mg/mL hyaluronic acid (HA), respectively. The friction reduction and antiwear effects of the biomimetic joint lubricants on zirconia ceramics were investigated on a tribometer. The cytotoxicity of each component of bionic joint lubricant on RAW264.7 mouse macrophages was evaluated by MTT assay. ResultsThe particle size of GLN-NP was about 139 nm, and the particle size distribution index was 0.17, showing a single peak, indicating that the particle size of GLN-NP was uniform. In complete culture medium, pH7.4 PBS, and deionized water at simulated body temperature, the particle size of GLN-NP did not change more than 10 nm with time, indicating that GLN-NP had good dispersion stability and did not aggregate. Compared with 15 mg/mL HA, 30 mg/mL HA, and normal saline, the friction coefficient, wear scar depth, width, and wear volume were significantly reduced by adding different concentrations of GLN-NP (P<0.05); there was no significant difference between different concentrations of GLN-NP (P>0.05). Biocompatibility test showed that the cell survival rate of GLN-NP, HA, and HA+GLN-NP solution decreased slightly with the increase of concentration, but the cell survival rate was more than 90%, and there was no significant difference between groups (P>0.05). ConclusionThe bionic joint fluid containing GLN-NP has good antifriction and antiwear effect. Among them, GLN-NP saline solution without HA has the best antifriction and antiwear effect.
Objective To investigate an inhibitive effect of the chitosan nanoparticles with the proliferation cell nuclear antigen （PCNA）-antisense oligo deoxy nucleotides (ASODN) on the intimal cell proliferation after the vein grafting.Methods Fiftyfour male SD rats, weighing 450-600g, were randomly divided in the experimental group and the control group of 27 rats each. In the experimental group, the chitosan nanoparticles with PCNAASODN were infused into the anastomosis segment of the right jugular artery and vein; then, the anastomosis segment was transplanted to the jugular artery on the same side. The rats in the control group were infused with normal saline by the same procedures. There were 24 rats in each group which used to experiment. The hemodynamic data were obtained from the Doppler ultrasound examinations at 1, 2, 3 and 4 weeks. The specimens were taken. Immunohistochemistry, Westernblot, and bloodvesselwall histopathology were performed at the different week points. Results There was no significant difference in the thrombogenesis rate between the experimental group and the control group (3/27 vs. 3/27,P＞0.05). During the 4 week observation, PCNA Westernblot showed that the PCNA level was lower in the grafted vein and the anastomosis segment in the experimental group than in the control group. The indexes of the PCNA postive proliferating cells in the intimal area (0.13%±0.11%，0.79%±0.28%，0.45%±0.29%, 0.43%±0.25%) and the medial area (1.90%± 0.84%，2.11%±0.98%，2.48%±0.77%，2.17%±0.36%) were significantlydecreased at 1,2,3 and 4 weeks in the experimental group when compared with those in the control group（P＜0.05）. The lumen areas in the grafted vein (88.71±16.96，95.98±21.44，88.48±32.81，97.86±34.11 μm 2) and the anastomosis segment (41.49±3.34，45.15±11.65，46.27±8.90，51.62±8.85 μm 2) were significantly greater in the experimental group than in the control group (P＜0.05). The ratios of the initmal area to the medial area in the grafted vein (22.73%±3.11%，32.40%±4.55%，45.14%±3.19%，45.70%±5.01%) and the anastomsis segment (41.49%±3.34%，45.15%±11.65%，46.27%±890%，51.62%±8.85%) were significantly smaller in the experimental group than in the control group（P＜0.05）. The maximum velocities (Vmax) of the blood flow inthe grafted vein and the anastomsis segment were almost the same in the two groups at 1 week, but had different changes at the next 3 weekpoints. In the control group, the Vmax of the blood flow gradually increased and at 3 weeks it reached the peak point; however, at 4 weeks it decreased. In the experimental group,the Vmax of the blood flow gradually decreased, and at 3 weeks it decreased to the lowest point; however, at 4 weeks it increased. So, at 4 weeks the Vmax of the blood flow in the grafted vein and the anastomsis segment was almost the samein the two groups. There was no significant difference in the Vmax of the bloodflow between the two groups (P＞0.05), but in the same group there wasa significant difference at the different time points. Conclusion The chitosan nanoparticles with PCNAASODN can effectively inhibit the intimal cell proliferation after the grafting of the blood vessel, so that the neointimal thickening can be prevented.
Due to the good tumor-targeting and excellent biocompatibility, the drug-loading nanoparticles (NPs) has been widely applied in the diagnosis and treatment of cancer. However, after the NPs are recognized and internalized by cancer cells, the effects of NPs on cell migration behavior were unclear. In the present study, the self-assembly techniques (SAMs) was used to modify gold (Au) nanoparticles (Au NPs) with different chemical functional groups (CH3, OH, COOH and NH2) as model NPs. The dispersion of these groups in solution and the distribution in cells were studied by transmission electron microscope (TEM), respectively, and the proliferation was examined by MTT assay in vitro. The wound-healing and the Transwell assay were used to examine the effect of internalized Au-NPs on HepG2 cells migration. The results showed that different Au-NPs mainly distributed at the edge of the vesicle membrane and the gap between cells. The Au-NPs resulted in decreased cell viability in a concentration-depended manner. In addition, the results of wound-healing and Transwells assay indicated that the internalization of the NH2-NPs and OH-NPs would inhibit cell migration compared with those in the control group.
ObjectiveTo investigate the lymphatic targeting of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) carbon nanoparticles in rats. Methods5-FU concentration in lymphoid tissue of rats was determined by reversed phase high performance liquid chromatography after intraperitoneal injection of 5-FU carbon nanoparticle and 5-FU ordinary form (20 mg/kg body weight). Results5-FU concentration of lymphoid tissue in the 5-FU carbon nanoparticle group was higher than that in the 5-FU ordinary form group, and could sustain a longer time. Conclusion5-FU carbon nanoparticles injection can improve the drug concentration of target lymphatic organs, also has a good lymphatic targeting
We prepared silver nanoparticles/polyethyleneimine-reduction graphene oxide (AgNP/rGO-PEI) composite materials, and evaluated their quality performance in our center. Firstly, we prepared AgNP/rGO-PEI, and then analysed its stability, antibacterial activity, and cellular toxicity by comparing the AgNP/rGO-PEI with the silver nanoparticles (PVP/AgNP) modified by polyvinylpyrrolidone. We found in the study that silver nanoparticles (AgNP) distributed relatively uniformly in AgNP/rGO-PEI surface, silver nanoparticles mass fraction was 4.5%, and particle size was 6-13 nm. In dark or in low illumination light intensity of 3 000 lx meter environment (lux) for 10 days, PVP/AgNP aggregation was more obvious, but the AgNP/rGO-PEI had good dispersibility and its aggregation was not obvious; AgNP/rGO-PEI had a more excellent antibacterial activity, biological compatibility and relatively low biological toxicity. It was concluded that AgNP/rGO-PEI composite materials had reliable quality and good performance, and would have broad application prospects in the future.
