Objective To summarize the research status of echinococcosis- specific vaccine antigens, analyze their sources and application prospects, and to provide new ideas for the development of echinococcosis vaccine antigens and drug treatment. Method Research on echinococcosis-specific vaccine antigens at home and abroad was searched and reviewed. Results Natural hydatid antigens, such as cystic fluid crude antigen, protoscolex segment, germinal layer, etc. often appear due to the difficulty of material acquisition and cumbersome preparation, resulting in unstable evaluation indicators such as sensitivity and specificity. The gene or protein sequences of a new recombinant hydatid antigen was accessible, the reproducibility and specificity were better, and it was more suitable for batch production testing, which was the main direction of current research, such as rAgB8/1, rEm18, rEm2, etc. Conclusions Vaccine development is one of the main directions for the elimination of hydatidosis. In the interaction between echinococcus and human or animal hosts, the natural structural proteins or excretion/secretion proteins of echinococcus stimulate the host to produce anti-parasites immunity and immune clearance, and the search for these specific protein antigens is of great significance for vaccine development, and new drug treatment.
Objective To investigate the situation and related factors of influenza vaccination among healthcare workers in Sichuan, and provide a basis for the formulation of the strategy of influenza vaccination. Methods From August 1st to August 6th, 2022, healthcare workers from 21 prefectures and cities in Sichuan province were selected by the hospital infection quality control centers to conduct an online questionnaire survey for status and related factors of influenza vaccination. Single factor analysis of vaccination rate was carried out by χ2 test, and the related factors of influenza vaccination were analyzed by binary multiple logistic regression model. Results A total of 3264 copies of questionnaires were distributed, and 3244 valid copies were recovered, with an effective recovery rate of 99.4%. The vaccination rate of influenza vaccine in the surveyed healthcare workers was 56.9% (1846/3244). The gender, age, professional title, position, department, hospital type, hospital nature, hospital level, influenza awareness, and influenza vaccination willingness were the factors resulting in statistically significant differences in influenza vaccination rate among healthcare workers (P<0.05). Binary multiple logistic regression indicated that age≥35 years old [odds ratio (OR)=0.799, 95% confidence interval (CI) (0.681, 0.937), P=0.006], the educational background being bachelor degree or above [OR=1.221, 95%CI (1.036, 1.439), P=0.017], position [nurses vs. doctors: OR=1.339, 95%CI (1.112, 1.612), P=0.002; technicians vs. doctors: OR=1.849, 95%CI (1.278, 2.676), P=0.001], the hospital type being specialized hospital [OR=1.804, 95%CI (1.446, 2.251), P<0.001], hospital level [secondary vs. primary hospitals: OR=0.344, 95%CI (0.271, 0.437), P<0.001; tertiary vs. primary hospitals: OR=0.526, 95%CI (0.413, 0.671), P<0.001], influenza awareness [fair vs. poor: OR=1.262, 95%CI (1.057, 1.508), P=0.010; good vs. poor: OR=1.489, 95%CI (1.142, 1.940), P=0.003], vaccination willingness [OR=4.725, 95%CI (4.009, 5.569), P<0.001] were related factors of influenza vaccination in healthcare workers. The influenza awareness was good in 416 healthcare workers (12.8%), fair in 1989 (61.3%), and poor in 839 (25.9%). The correct rate of influenza vaccination frequency was the highest (82.7%), while the correct rate of influenza contraindication was the lowest (3.2%). Among the healthcare workers, 2206 (68.0%) were willing to be vaccinated, of whom 1548 (70.2%) believed that they could protect people with weak immune function around them after vaccination; 1038 were unwilling to be vaccinated with influenza vaccine in the near future, of whom 335 (32.3%) believed that they had strong immunity and did not need to be vaccinated. Conclusions The influenza vaccination rate of medical staff is related to a variety of factors. Strengthening the publicity and education, and encouraging hospitals to provide free influenza vaccination, especially the correct understanding of contraindications, may be helpful to improve the vaccination rate.
In this study, the role of newcastle disease virus (NDV) combined thermic solidified tumor vaccine in inhibiting growth of tumor and immune control was investigated, and rate of inhibiting tumor and cellular immunity were measured. The results showed that rate of inhibiting tumor in experimental group Ⅰ and Ⅱ were 24.8% and 41.1% respectively; average weight of tumor was significantly lower in both experimental groups than in control group, and activity of natural killing (NK) cells in experimental groups was higher than that in control group (Ｐ＜0.01). This suggests that NDV combined thermic solidified tumor vaccine can inhibit growth of tumor and improve activity of NK cells, and their effects are better than that of NDV.
ObjectiveTo investigate the situation of internal antibody positive rate of Chinese who exposed to rabies virus and received full procedure of rabies vaccination, and to provide the basis for the adjustment of rabies vaccination procedure and policy.
MethodsWe electronically searched databases including WanFang Data, VIP, CNKI, PubMed and EMbase from inception to May 2015 to collect studies about Chinese exposed to rabies virus and received full procedure rabies vaccination. Two reviewers independently screened literature, extracted data, and assessed the methodological quality of included studies. Then, meta-analysis was performed using R software (R3.2.1).
ResultsA total of 33 studies were included. The combined antibody positive rate was 93.99% with 95%CI 92.02% to 95.70%. Antibody positive rate among male was 93.73% with 95%CI 91.65% to 95.54%, while among female was 94.33% with 95%CI 92.35% to 96.04%, and there was no significant difference between male and female (P>0.05). The antibody positive rate of hamster kidney cell rabies vaccine was 89.94% with 95%CI 86.09% to 95%, while the antibody positive rate of vero cell rabies vaccine was 96.65% with 95%CI 94.99% to 94.99%, and there was significant difference between both groups (P<0.05). There was no statistical difference in antibody positive rates among different years of rabies vaccine (P>0.05). However, the antibody positive rate of rabies vaccine had a tendency to reduce with the increasing age
ConclusionAntibody positive rate of vero cell rabies vaccine is higher than that of hamster kidney cell rabies vaccine. Older people have lower antibody positive rate after receiving rabies vaccination. We suggest using vero cell rabies vaccine when giving rabies vaccination; elderly people should receive booster vaccination after basic vaccination.
Objective To compare the clinical characteristics and treatment of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in the year of 2018, 2019, 2020, and 2021. Methods A cross-sectional multicenter study was conducted on patients with stable COPD from 13 hospitals of China south area in year of 2018, 2019, 2020 and 2021. The demographic data, pulmonary function, COPD assessment test (CAT), exacerbation in the past year and treatment regimens were collected. Results The CAT scores of the COPD patients in the year of 2018, 2019, 2020 and 2021 were (16.5±6.7), (14.5±6.7), (14.1±6.2) and (13.4±6.6), respectively. The CAT scores decreased year by year (P<0.05). The forced expiratory volume in one second percentage predicted value (FEV1%pred) of the COPD patients in the year of 2018, 2019, 2020 and 2021 were (52.8±21.4)%, (51.3±19.2)%, (53.4±21.5)% and (56.6±21.7)%, respectively. Compared with year of 2018, the patients in 2019, 2020 and 2021 had higher FEV1%pred. Compared with year of 2019 and 2020, the patients 2021 had higher FEV1%pred (P<0.05). The median of exacerbation in the past year of the COPD patients in the year of 2018, 2019, 2020 and 2021 were 1, 1, 0 and 0, respectively. Compared with year of 2018 and 2019, the median of exacerbation in the past year in 2020 and 2021 were lower (P<0.05). The proportion of double [long-acting β2-agonist (LABA)+long-acting muscarinic antagonist (LAMA)] and triple inhaled [LAMA+LABA+ inhaled corticosteroid (ICS)] drugs were 0%, 0.7%, 3.5% and 17.0%, as well as 47.9%, 41.2%, 27.8% and 26.0%. Compared with year of 2018 and 2019, the proportion of double inhaled drugs in 2020 and 2021 was higher, while triple inhaled drugs was lower (P<0.05). In addition, the proportion of influenza vaccine/pneumonia vaccine was 0%, 0.1%, 3.5% and 4.3%, respectively. Compared with year of 2018 and 2019, the proportion of influenza vaccine/pneumonia vaccine in year of 2020 and 2021 was higher (P<0.05). Conclusions Symptoms and exacerbation burden of patients with COPD tend to be less in China in recent years and the time of patients visited hospital tends to move forward. Furthermore, the proportion of patients with double inhaled drugs (LABA+LAMA) increased, while triple inhaled (LAMA+LABA+ICS) decreased. In addition, the proportion of patients vaccinated with influenza/pneumonia is increased but the overall proportion is still low.
Objective
To evaluate the cost effectiveness of human papillomavirus vaccine (HPV) for treating cervical cancer.
Methods
We constructed a Markov model to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of HPV versus Chinese healthy women aged 18 to 25 for treating Cervical Cancer. We calculated the clinical benefits and cost-effectiveness and judged the results based on willing to pay. Sensitivity analysis was made for parameters like cost, discounting rate and vaccine efficacy.
Results
HPV vaccination was a cost-effective option under the local willing to pay value with the incremental cost utility ratio 43 489 per QALY gained. It proved that vaccination was an economic and effective solution.
Conclusion
Given the results of Markov model, the cost effectiveness of HPV vaccination of Chinese women aged 18 to 25 is positive. Considering the data sources and model hypothesis, this report has some limitations. Further studies are warranted.
Objective To investigate the free influenza vaccination of health care workers in major departments and explore the possible influencing factors of influenza vaccination of staff. Methods In November 2021, a questionnaire survey was conducted among health care workers who received free influenza vaccination in 19 major departments of West China Hospital of Sichuan University, and the un-vaccinated workers’ information was obtained from the registration system of staff information. Multiple logistic regression model was used to analyze the possible influencing factors of free influenza vaccination. Results The coverage rate of centralized free influenza vaccination of staff in major departments was 32.7% (1101/3369). Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that workers who were female [odds ratio (OR)=1.853, 95% confidence interval (CI) (1.481, 2.318), P<0.001], with an educational background of high school or below [OR=4.304, 95%CI (2.484, 7.455), P<0.001], engaged in nursing work [OR=2.341, 95%CI (1.701, 3.221), P<0.001], and with 11 or more years of working experience [OR=2.410, 95%CI (1.657, 3.505), P<0.001] were more likely to inject influenza vaccine, and workers who had a bachelor’s degree were less likely to inject influenza vaccine. Conclusions The rate of free influenza vaccination among medical staff is low. In order to mobilize the enthusiasm of influenza vaccination among medical staff, it is necessary to analyze the characteristics of the population and take targeted measures to improve the level of vaccination among medical staff.
The development of immunotherapy has revolutionized the landscape of cancer treatment. Personalized neoantigen vaccines are attractive systemic immunotherapies that trigger specific T-cell responses against highly specific neoantigens, and activate and expand helper and cytotoxic T-lymphocytes to enhance anti-tumor immunity. Based on the rapid development of bioinformatics and the continuous update of sequencing technology, cancer immunotherapy with tumor neoantigens has made promising breakthroughs and progress. Researchers are exploring the value of neoantigen vaccines alone or in combination in different tumor types. We provide an overview of the complex process that is necessary to generate a personalized neoantigen vaccine, discuss the current status of clinical studies and application testing personalized neoantigen vaccines in patients with cancer and future perspectives on this novel, personalized approach to immunotherapy.
Bladder cancer is a common malignant tumor of the urinary system. The incidence and mortality of bladder cancer in China have been at a high level. In the past, people generally believed that the bladder was a sterile environment, but it has been found that there are symbiotic microorganisms in the bladder. In addition, microorganisms and their metabolites in urine may be involved in the occurrence and development of various urinary system diseases such as bladder cancer. At the same time, microorganisms and their component products such as Bacillus Calmette-Guerin vaccine play an important role in the treatment of bladder cancer. This article reviews the research progress of urinary tract microorganisms and the occurrence, development and treatment of bladder cancer, and aims to provide new ideas for the early diagnosis and treatment, prevention and prognosis evaluation of bladder cancer.
The cold chain safety of vaccines is a global issue. The electronic vaccine vial monitor (eVVM) label can monitor the temperature of vaccines in real time and provide “early warning” prompts. In order to comprehensively evaluate the monitoring efficiency of eVVM, this study selected 75 eVVM labels and distributed them with a total of 600 vaccine vial monitor (VVM) labels of four different types in different experimental environment (2?8℃, ?20℃ and 40℃), and used a temperature recorder as “gold standard”. The results showed that the accuracy of the eVVM labels and VVM labels in high temperature environment was as same as that of the temperature recorder (P = 0.195). The accuracy of low temperature anomalies report and high temperature anomalies report of eVVM labels was 100%, which was better than those reported by VVM labels. Therefore, eVVM labels have high monitoring accuracy, which is suitable not only for ordinary environments, but also for severe temperature environments. It should be helpful for the improvement of the efficiency and accuracy of cold chain monitoring.
